The world

Open Access Article

1 - “Happiness” in Iranian Hikmat and its Influence on Islamic Iran
پروانه عروج نیا

Hikmat (Iranian ancient wisdom), which mostly appears in Gahan- the primary collection of sacred songs of Zoroastrianism- leaves traces in some of Andarz-Nameh-a kind of literature containing advice and orders for gaining right behavior- has unique characteristics. The More

Hikmat (Iranian ancient wisdom), which mostly appears in Gahan- the primary collection of sacred songs of Zoroastrianism- leaves traces in some of Andarz-Nameh-a kind of literature containing advice and orders for gaining right behavior- has unique characteristics. The most important feature of this wisdom is a kind of intellectualism which subjectively leads to inner happiness, and man's quest for a joyful and peaceful life in this world (Giti) as well as in the other one (Minoo), and objectively brings about truthfulness, beneficence, good reputation, and in all prosperity in the world. Traces of this worldly wisdom have, to some extent, remained in the works of some writers and poets until the 5th century. The present article tries to describe the principles of this intellectualism in Iranian ancient wisdom and its relation to happiness,  its consequences and  impact on Iranian culture in Islamic era.   Manuscript profile

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2 - The Manifes‌tation of the Collective Unconscious in the Architecture of the Safavid Era in Iran (Case S‌tudy: Imam Mosque in Isfahan)
Elham parvizi

10.30495/ijaud.2021.17310

Manuscript profile

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3 - The Importance (Significance) of Regionalism and its Role in Development
عبدارضا Farajizadeh

Today, the geographic factor of regional convergence has gained prominence in mostcountries of the word. Considering the globalization of the world economy and theneed for more economic and political convergence among countries of a region, thereis hardly any country in More

Today, the geographic factor of regional convergence has gained prominence in mostcountries of the word. Considering the globalization of the world economy and theneed for more economic and political convergence among countries of a region, thereis hardly any country in the world that has not considered regional convergence in itsdevelopment plans.Countries located in a specific regional group can protect their interests eliminatetheir weaknesses and problems more easily.In Europe, regionalism has proven to be successful and many other areas of theworld are following its example. “Nafta” in North America, “Mercosur” in LatinAmerica, “Asean” in Southeast Asia, “SAARC” in South Asia, and a multitude ofother organizations all indicate countries’ interests in regionalism. Although in theregion of our country, there has been an organization for some time OPEC- it hasrarely met success since the member countries do not share common interests.With the recent events in the Persian Gulf during the past two years, commoninterests have arisen among the countries of this region-especially in the matter ofenergy. It seems that by reducing the former conflicts, if the necessary steps are takentowards economic and political convergence, regional and inter- regional co-operationwill be enhanced with organizations such as the world trade Organization in order toreach our goals. Manuscript profile

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4 - The Precautionary Principle and the WTO SPS Agreement
abbasali kadkhodaee Asma Salari

Public health and environmental issues are really important and deserve to attract proportionate attention from the world trade organization whereas risks on them (both certain and uncertain) may cause to irreble and irreversible effects on people and the environment. More

Public health and environmental issues are really important and deserve to attract proportionate attention from the world trade organization whereas risks on them (both certain and uncertain) may cause to irreble and irreversible effects on people and the environment. Despite the world trade organization resistance to any kind of Protective measures, member states have frequently based their sanitary and phytosanitary measures on the precautionary Principle, an enivironmental principle of international law and have invoked it several times in their disputes before Dispute Settlement Body of the organization. These Attempts have led the panels and appellate bodies to declare that Article 5.7 of sanitary and phytosanitary agreement as a reflection of the precautionary principle in the world trade organization system. Considering the importance of abovementioned Article of the SPS, this paper will try to clarify theoretical and practical aspects of it . it was done on the descriptive-analytical methodology with the help of the available library source and recognized Article 5.7 as a reflection of the PP in the SPS agreement and it is applicable in DSB especially after issuing the appellate body report in the Continued Suspension Case. Manuscript profile

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5 - Comparative Critique of Three Contemporary Iranian Travelogues at Linguistic Level from Fairclough's Model
Bahador Bagheri Mojgan Dibaj

Travelogues are the works that can be analyzed from critical discourse perspective due to their critical aspects. In three dimensional model of critical discourse analysis, the text is studies in three layers. The first level, which is limited to the syntagmat More

Travelogues are the works that can be analyzed from critical discourse perspective due to their critical aspects. In three dimensional model of critical discourse analysis, the text is studies in three layers. The first level, which is limited to the syntagmatic and horizontal axis of speech, includes vocabulary and grammar; and the stylistic and ideological features of the text can be achieved by studying the linguistic techniques considered by Fairclough. Accordingly and responses to the question that: which language-describing techniques are influenced by the genre or the author's personal style and ideology. The present study examines three contemporary travelogues and concludes that the verb, process, active od passive voices are more influenced by travelogue's genre, quantitative and qualitative applications and other features are influenced by personal style and serve to explain the author's ideological viewpoint. Manuscript profile

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6 - Nicolas Bouvier's own look in the itinerary
Fatemeh Khanmohammadi Elnaz Aali

Travel mirror that can reflect the image of social, political, economic, customs and beliefs, behavior and negotiation of various communities living in that vision, It seems clear picture and largely devoid of cynicism and considerate. Including travel, travel "way of t More

Travel mirror that can reflect the image of social, political, economic, customs and beliefs, behavior and negotiation of various communities living in that vision, It seems clear picture and largely devoid of cynicism and considerate. Including travel, travel "way of the world" by Nicolas Bouvier's is. The Swiss tourist to travel to different lands, a story interesting, honest and accurate of how people's livelihood, status of cities, industries and products, schools, religious customs of the people and the ruling classes that from the perspective of comparative literature very valuable and important; We believe that relying on the itinerary "way of the world" Bouvier's work to study the manifestations of Iranian culture from the perspective of comparative literature at all. Manuscript profile

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7 - A comparative study of "The Most Beautiful Book in the World" by Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt and Molavi's points in Mathnavi
Leila Hashemian Behzad Otunie

Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt, contemporary French playwright and story writer is one of the writers who has been affected by oriental mysticism especially Molana and this could be traced in his novels and plays. In the story "The Most Beautiful Book in the World" one could fin More

Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt, contemporary French playwright and story writer is one of the writers who has been affected by oriental mysticism especially Molana and this could be traced in his novels and plays. In the story "The Most Beautiful Book in the World" one could find mystic points mentioned many years ago by Molana. The present article attempts to explain the similarities of these two valuable works. Manuscript profile

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8 - The allegory of the world from the point of view of the Holy Quran
mohammadhosein sadeghidarvishi jafar taban

10.30495/qsf.2022.679149

The allegories of the Qur'an are a basic method of explaining knowledge, in an abstract way in a tangible way, which has a lasting and profound effect on the depiction and visualization of a story, in order to make the audience think. The present study aims to examine t More

The allegories of the Qur'an are a basic method of explaining knowledge, in an abstract way in a tangible way, which has a lasting and profound effect on the depiction and visualization of a story, in order to make the audience think. The present study aims to examine the allegory of the world from the perspective of the Holy Quran and seeks to answer the question of how the allegories of the world in this divine book show a picture of the world? How is the combination of worldly allegorical praises and condemnations mentioned in the Holy Quran? The research findings indicate that the world and worldly blessings fade along with the blessings of the hereafter; In such a way that man, in accordance with his awakened understanding, feeling and conscience, wisely starts the path of beauty and perfectionism. The allegorical condemnations of the world in this noble book are far more than the allegorical praises of the world, so much so that in the verses there is no case that introduces life itself as low, but it may be presented as low to man. Manuscript profile

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9 - Concept of Unseen in Quran Emphasizing Tabatabaei's Ideas
Nasereddin Ojaghi

The term unseen and its derivations have been repeated sixty times in Holy Quran. In most cases, God introduces Himself as the unique Owner of Unseen World. It should be considered that the concept of Unseen is single although different terms are applied. It is obvious More

The term unseen and its derivations have been repeated sixty times in Holy Quran. In most cases, God introduces Himself as the unique Owner of Unseen World. It should be considered that the concept of Unseen is single although different terms are applied. It is obvious that understanding the meaning of each term and its application would assist us to find the right way and make us familiar with Quranic concepts. This article intends to study the fields of applying the term unseen and its various concepts. The method is analytical – critical and the main source is Almizan interpretation. Manuscript profile

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10 - Analysis of the truth of the intermediary world
Reza Rostamizadeh Halimeh Mohammadi

God in the Quran has noticed the life after death, the hereafter and the intermediary world from different aspects. Referring to the Quran, we can find at least twenty verses that imply the intermediary world.And from the sum of these verses, it goes clea More

God in the Quran has noticed the life after death, the hereafter and the intermediary world from different aspects. Referring to the Quran, we can find at least twenty verses that imply the intermediary world.And from the sum of these verses, it goes clear the reality of the intermediary world.This study seeks to examine the intermediary world in the above verses.That, on one hand, attracts the audience’s mind to the truth of the intermediary world; and on the other hand, by managing their actions and behavior that affect his status in intermediary world, let them think about the basic measures. Therefore, in this context, the concept of intermediary world, interpretation, explanation of the verses relating to this subject, philosophy of the intermediary world, and eventually intermediary Heaven and Hell and its differences with the Heaven and Hill of the resurrection are mentioned in order to express the state of that world. Manuscript profile

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11 - The Ontology of 'Eyn ol-Qozāt Hamedāni in the Relation between Wisdom, Religion, and Mysticism
Aomayeh Amiri Abbas Ahmadi Saadi Mohamad Ali Akhgar

Mystics throughout history often have had different and sometimes contradictory approaches compared to philosophers and theologians. Although 'Eyn ol-Qozāt Hamedāni is mostly famous in mysticism, he has deep and outstanding views in philosophy and theology, too. The pur More

Mystics throughout history often have had different and sometimes contradictory approaches compared to philosophers and theologians. Although 'Eyn ol-Qozāt Hamedāni is mostly famous in mysticism, he has deep and outstanding views in philosophy and theology, too. The purpose of the present study is to recognize his philosophical, mystical, and theological principles in the field of ontology using descriptive analysis. The results showed that he has talked in two realms of intuitive perception as well as transferring that to proposition in order to understand the insight and knowledge acquired directly and without any medium just through reason and argumentation. Besides, he has always been a pioneer in proposing new ideas such as manifestation of unit in the universe and unity of existence, correlation between body and soul in human study, using interpretation immensely to understand Qur'anic verses, disobedience of Iblis in refuting to bow down to Adam, and attributing that to true love to the eternal beloved and the process of divine destiny. His philosophical and theological outlook has manifested in his books, especially Tamhidāt, Letters, and Zobdat al-Haqāeq.   Manuscript profile

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12 - Interpretation of the World of Images and Copies in Ayn-al-Qożāt Hamadānī’s
roya rabizadeh fateme heydari

The World of Images or in away the purgatory is a realm of existence which is the partition between the material world and the intellectual one, and it has been discussed and analyzed from the time of Plato up to now. On the one hand, the said world is similar to the ma More

The World of Images or in away the purgatory is a realm of existence which is the partition between the material world and the intellectual one, and it has been discussed and analyzed from the time of Plato up to now. On the one hand, the said world is similar to the material one, as it has quantity and form, and on the other hand, it is similar to the intellectual one, as there is no material or physical body inside it. The world of images is the vehicle and a place for the advent and formation of imaginations, the imaginations which are to imagine the imaginary forms without any changes in their nature, and it is only possible in the world of images. Imagination is a subject mentioned in the Holy Quran and Hadiths and consequently the mystics have been engaged with it. Ayn-al-Qożāt regards imaginations highly significant, and considers different functions and uses for it. In fact, imagination is an excellent method to know God and the facts of the world of existence. Manuscript profile

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13 - Utopian though at the beginning of the Radi’s plays by considering the view of Farabi’s philosophic utopia
Samira Abbasi AtaAllah Kopal

10.30495/dk.2020.679785

The present study aims to investigate three plays of the Akbar Radi’s which are selected in the 1340s by considering Farabi’s utopian thought. This investigation attempts to consider the current dramatics remnants by considering Farabi’s utopian though More

The present study aims to investigate three plays of the Akbar Radi’s which are selected in the 1340s by considering Farabi’s utopian thought. This investigation attempts to consider the current dramatics remnants by considering Farabi’s utopian thought. Akbar Radi affected the pattern of plays in Iran for 4 decades through introducing interesting topics and language of plays. The present study investigates the data which is obtained by the library method based on the descriptive-analytical method. Moreover, it evaluates utopian thought of characters in Radi’s plays according to the view of Farabi’s utopia and by the use of Islamic-Iranian philosophy, it criticizes Akbar Radi’s plays. The purpose of this study is to peruse current dramatics remnants with utopian views which generally are referred to the theories of Plato, Tomas Mohr, and other western ideologists. Utopian view which is both common and fundamental element in world’s dramatics remnant. Akbar Radi is an idealist and ideologue author. He created several characters who try to find utopia, in order to emancipate from the status with the various methods. The result of this investigation clearly indicates that all the Akbar Radi’s plays in the 40s included different characters with assorted utopian thought. The most important pint of Radi’s dramatics plays in40s is that all of the utopian characters had been failing to find own utopia. Manuscript profile

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14 - The Universe and its Educational Images at the sight of Atar
ata mohammad radmanesh elham Moeiniyan

Although Attar has never enjoyed and benefitted from this world m but as he had experienced the tyranny attacks of Mongol Ilghar and Ghoz Turk rebels to Iran during which the poverty, oppression, corruption and misery were spreading in Iran, he has not looked at this wo More

Although Attar has never enjoyed and benefitted from this world m but as he had experienced the tyranny attacks of Mongol Ilghar and Ghoz Turk rebels to Iran during which the poverty, oppression, corruption and misery were spreading in Iran, he has not looked at this world in a poetic style , and in fact the pedagogical views and images of the world have been drawn by him in the framework of the poems and because of this, neither these images are pleasant nor suitable, and some of them are horrible and terrible. Sometimes some beautiful images and views are seen but they are deeply filled with fear and grief, and because they are linked to the afterlife, they are not drawn properly. In this thesis the world is going to be seen in the view point of this poet and those pictures present among his speeches are introduced and provided for the careful readers. Among his works the most concerns are regarding Elahi Nameh, Asrar Nameh, and Tazkerat-al-Olia. Manuscript profile

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15 - The allegorical image of the world in the poetry of Saadi and Movlavi (Reproduction of the verses and religious traditions)
Reza Musabadi Batol Fakhre Salam

The use of allegory as a rhetorical industry, as well as an argumentative way, is a major method in the teaching and mystical literature of Iran, in order to express the teachings of the poet. Undoubtedly, the world and its educational allegories have always been the co More

The use of allegory as a rhetorical industry, as well as an argumentative way, is a major method in the teaching and mystical literature of Iran, in order to express the teachings of the poet. Undoubtedly, the world and its educational allegories have always been the core of the thought of poets, writers, mystics and scholars throughout history. For this reason, many analogies of the world in the works and beliefs of the mind have cast lots of scholars and scholars, especially in the field of Persian literature, and are always considered with the influence of the allegories in the verses and traditions of Islam. Most of the poets and writers have been involved, but the type of payment and the way they are expressed are not the same, and there are many issues as well because of the diversity that exists in this category. This research seeks to study the world and its educational analogies based on the poems of Sa'di and Maulana, these great poets of Persian literature with an allegorical. Manuscript profile

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16 - Criticizing governments, from the viewpoint of abstinence and piety
maseih Bahramiyan maryam Bolouri

One of the contents in this respect and farsi Literature  is abstinence and withdrawal from the world. The culture that had endowed the pioneers and followers with the attribute of broadmindedness, and the clear evidence of this matter is avoiding companionship wit More

One of the contents in this respect and farsi Literature  is abstinence and withdrawal from the world. The culture that had endowed the pioneers and followers with the attribute of broadmindedness, and the clear evidence of this matter is avoiding companionship with powerful individuals.  We have disregarded the explicit explanations about the meaning and history of abstinence.  What are dealt with in this article are the abstinent thoughts and also its different approaches in withdrawal from the world and putting aside the materialistic powers.  We have also considered abstinence and piety with precision, through a new look, in order to show that not all the people accounted for that group are necessarily with holy behaviors, although the evidence regarding our claim at this time is merely Farsi texts and prose, which of course undoubtedly could reflect the truth of our time. Manuscript profile

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17 - Emergence of Spirituality and Mysticism in Shurideh Shirazi's Poetry
Shirin Baghai

10.2234/erfan.2023.708529

Fasih al-Mulk, Shourideh Shirazi (died 1345 AH) has been called the last poet of the literary return style, who is considered one of the bright-hearted geniuses in Persian literature, the turbulent period of his life at the end of the Qajar era and the beginning of the More

Fasih al-Mulk, Shourideh Shirazi (died 1345 AH) has been called the last poet of the literary return style, who is considered one of the bright-hearted geniuses in Persian literature, the turbulent period of his life at the end of the Qajar era and the beginning of the Pahlavi era and the events of the constitutional revolution, his poetry has a high And it makes descents that show tendencies towards spirituality and mysticism. In this article, with the analytical method and referring to the first-hand sources and poet's poems, hymns that were related to spirituality and mysticism have been analyzed, and divine love and desire for the unity of existence have been analyzed. And self-cultivation is followed in it until becoming a Perfect Human, and his Sufi poems about Imam Ali (a.s.) are especially impressive, which are completed with devotion to Imam Hussain (a.s.) and Imam Reza (a.s.) and make these imams as Perfect human. draws and it is This poet had spiritual and mystical tendencies and this tendency increased during his maturity and the last decades of his life. He puts spiritual principles at the head of his teachings in most of his poems. Manuscript profile

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18 - Interpretation of Human Life and Criticism of Modern Reason from the Perspective of Immanuel Kant and Iqbal Lahori
Mohammad Nasiri Garineh Keshishyan Siraki Seyed Ali Mortazavian Farsani

Kant is one of the most important philosophers of the West who, by expressing the limitations of rational thinking while showing reason in a disciplined way, challenges the fundamentalism that had dominated Western philosophical thinking for some time. He believes that More

Kant is one of the most important philosophers of the West who, by expressing the limitations of rational thinking while showing reason in a disciplined way, challenges the fundamentalism that had dominated Western philosophical thinking for some time. He believes that reason is incapable of interfering in all fields. In Kant's philosophy, reason is the highest power of the soul and rational knowledge is the highest level of knowledge. So, the most basic human characteristic is rationality or wisdom, which is the basis of his innate generosity and honor. But Iqbal considers intelligence to be a divine blessing and intends to interpret the world and find out the meaning of life based on a coherent religious thought system consisting of three sources of knowledge, i.e., nature, history and experience. In this article, an attempt was made to determine the commonalities and differences of their thoughts about the interpretation of human life by examining the meaning network of each thinker. The findings indicate that by separating the practical reason from the theoretical reason in the first step, Kant evaluates it as capable of distinguishing morality and action from morality, and it gives mankind the possibility to establish a universal and valid morality. slow and prevents morality from becoming a relative thing, and so that reason does not make mistakes in recognizing morality, it introduces criteria based on which it is possible to distinguish moral behavior from immoral behavior. On the other hand, the most important feature of Iqbal's thought is his critical and tradition-breaking side. He does not consider the human intellect alone to be able to understand the nature of existence, and he considers the need for human connection with life to interpret the world, and the highest level of awareness and thinking of philosophers comes from their ultimate instincts. Manuscript profile

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19 - A comparative study of ideas of Naser khosrow and Schlegel brothers on "poetic view of the World" based on philosophy of plotinus
Ehsan Koosha Aliasqar Halabi

In some schools, philosophical and poetic views are mixed to interpret the World and its phenomena, and introduced some works with philosophical and poetic content. In this research, the views of Naser Khosrow (394-481 A.H) and The Schlegel brothers Friedrich (1772-1829 More

In some schools, philosophical and poetic views are mixed to interpret the World and its phenomena, and introduced some works with philosophical and poetic content. In this research, the views of Naser Khosrow (394-481 A.H) and The Schlegel brothers Friedrich (1772-1829 A.D) and A.W (1767-1845 A.D) (two founders of Romantic school) are studied in the way of comparative study, in the field of poetic views. Our purpose is to show the similarities and differences between the ideas of these thinkers as the represents of two culture of Iran and Germany on poetic view of the World. Regarding to the fact that Iran and Germany introduced some great poets to the human society, such studies seem necessary. The comparative study shows that how they try to draw their subjective & ideal world and interpret them by use of combination of philosophical and poetic views. To describe the beauties of the world and try to show the root of them in the heaven, is the most similarity between them and the difference in the philosophical and theological view, is the most difference between them. This study is done with take a look to the views of Alexandrian Plotinus (A neoplatonic philosopher) because we can obviously see the important ideas of this philosopher in the works of Naser Khosrow and The Schlegel brothers. This research has been done by the descriptive, analytic, comparative method through the studying in the library, taking notes; and ordering, comparing and analyzing the notes. Manuscript profile

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20 - A Study of the Intellectual Level of Parvin Etesami's Poetic Style in the Ode to the Enchanted World "based on Jacobsen's theory of verbal communication
maryam khodadadi RAJAB FAKHRAYIAN MOHAMMAD GHADERI MOGHADDAM

As a committed and popular poet, Parvin Etesami has given great importance to group concerns in her poems. In this regard, he has an educational look in the poem "This black snake has made the world enchanting" and explains a set of moral do's and don'ts, and uses his w More

As a committed and popular poet, Parvin Etesami has given great importance to group concerns in her poems. In this regard, he has an educational look in the poem "This black snake has made the world enchanting" and explains a set of moral do's and don'ts, and uses his words in the best way to communicate with a general and specific audience. The main purpose and issue of the present study is to address the quality of representation of the teachings of Andarzi in the poem based on the principles of Jacobsen's theory of verbal communication. The reason for using Jacobsen's theory is that he has referred to the various dimensions of the recipient (addressee) and sender (creator) communication aspects in his views. Therefore, by using it, new angles of the intellectual level of Parvin's poetry style can be examined. The results show that the motivating role of language in this poem has been to lead the audience to perform moral duties and avoid the shortcomings of the secretary. Relying on the role of empathy, the poet has highlighted the role of the audience in reading and understanding the text. The emotional role expresses the dominance of Parvin's social self over her personal self. The referential role expresses the poet's attempt to explain the concept of secularism with emphasis on religious and mystical components. The literary role demonstrates the power of Parvin's illustration to arouse the audience's aesthetic sense and add to his understanding. The role of metalanguage in this poem has been formed by using simple and quick animal codes, which provides access to a wider range of audiences to the content of his poems. Manuscript profile

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21 - Sociological study of the definition of national security of governments in the age of globalization
Parviz Ahadi

10.30495/jss.2021.1926080.1318

The globalization is a social, political and economic process and is the result of the integration of time and space in such a way that it has weakened the communication discourse and diminished the differences and leading to the sovereignty and security of the nations. More

The globalization is a social, political and economic process and is the result of the integration of time and space in such a way that it has weakened the communication discourse and diminished the differences and leading to the sovereignty and security of the nations. These changes have diminished or changed the govetnment's ability and capacity against regional and international pressures. The raise or reduction in the government's power, a change in their capacity , ability or disability and in the regional and international conflicts and struggles, the negotiations in the national security which is a combination of modern-traditional discourse and post-modernism and its political legitimacy have influenced political security and integration. These changes have led to the classification of the country into four groups of 1) big powers, 2) the presence of countries in the stable regions, 3) the countries in crisis regions, and 4) weak and defeated countries.. Manuscript profile

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22 - Jurisprudential bases of punishing corruption in the land for embezzlement (Article 4 of the law on intensifying the punishment for bribery, embezzlement and fraud)
Zakiyeh Ebrahimzadeh

10.22034/ijrj.2023.708068

The punishment for embezzlement is tazir،and inArticle 4 of the law،it has been ntensifie that if embezzlement is an example of corruption in the world ،The punishment will be an example of corruptionin the earth.Aninportant question arises asto how embezzlement canbe c More

The punishment for embezzlement is tazir،and inArticle 4 of the law،it has been ntensifie that if embezzlement is an example of corruption in the world ،The punishment will be an example of corruptionin the earth.Aninportant question arises asto how embezzlement canbe considered as an example of corruptioninthe earth .what is the criterion of embezzlement and offsad in the world?The meaning of corruptionin on earth is any action that causes the financial loss of the youth or morals  of society and leads to the ruin of that society.Therefore’ the scope corruption on earth is wide and it is not limited to a specific act or type of sin and corruption،but with regard to by its naturei،t is an independent title from the punishment that the lslamic ruler can’by determining the conditions، rule on the correctness of applying the punishment of ofsad fi al-arz on embezzlement or its non-compliance.The relationship between these two titles is not equal. Theresult of this article is that Applying embezzlement to offsad in the world is conceivable if embezzlement causes deprivation of the general economic security of the society and creates financial disturbance in the lslamic society. The following article is presented using library and software resources،descriptive and analytical. Manuscript profile

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23 - The Role of Youth on Social Interaction among Ethnic Groups in Iran (Case Study: Pre-university Students in West Azarbaijan Province)
صیاد گلشن سیف اله سیف الهی علیرضا محسنی تبریزی

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24 - The Functional Analysis of Educational-Psychological Archetype of "the World" in Naser Khosro’s Poems (Based on Gilbert Doran Theory)
Arezoo Ahmadbeigi Ghorban Ali Ebrahimi shahrzad Niazi

10.30495/pars.2022.690515

The archetype of "the World" is one of the oldest images existed in the poetry of some poets since the beginning of Persian poetry and it has been reflected until the end of the eighth century AH. The image that Naser Khosrow has depicted in his relationship with the wo More

The archetype of "the World" is one of the oldest images existed in the poetry of some poets since the beginning of Persian poetry and it has been reflected until the end of the eighth century AH. The image that Naser Khosrow has depicted in his relationship with the world contained unappealing traits such as incompatibility, enmity, hatred, and so on. Naser Khosro is amongst the poets having a didactic viewpoint with the aim of warning man's attachment to the universe, its pests and dangers. He has frequently used this archetype in his poetry and focused on "commanding to the virtues" and "Prohibition the vices." He has also indicated the negative traits of the world and in shaping the structure of one's imagination and educational thinking system. This article aims at applying Gilbert Doran’s theoretical views (the famous French theorist and anthropologist) of the imaginative structure in Naser Khosro's Divan. The research intends to indicate that there is a direct and close relationship among issues such as the concept of time, death, and the poet’s reaction to controlling time. The creation of didactic images by the poet is basically a struggle to control time and get rid of death and its resulting fear. The frequency of such images in Naser Khosro’s Divan approve that fear of time passage has penetrated the poet's mind, led him to create images which have often been in the form of advice; the point that has been overlooked in the theory of the age. This article intends to explain and analyze the female gender in the formation of archetype of "the world" the universe.    Manuscript profile

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25 - The spiritual frequency of the narrations of the underworld
Masumah Azarakhsh Mahdi Eizadi Mehryar Shababi Jawad Ala' Al-Muhaddethin

The issue of obtaining a covenant and covenant from human beings based on accepting the Lordship of the One God Almighty before their worldly creation is one of the important issues of the Qur'an, which is raised in verse 172 of Surah A'raf - known as the verse of the C More

The issue of obtaining a covenant and covenant from human beings based on accepting the Lordship of the One God Almighty before their worldly creation is one of the important issues of the Qur'an, which is raised in verse 172 of Surah A'raf - known as the verse of the Covenant of Elst. The narrations that are known as "the narrations of the particle world" in narrative societies confirm the existence of the particle world in the mentioned verse. The problem is that some thinkers have considered these narrations as individual news items and some as consecutive news items. With the collection of the hadiths of the underworld, which are sometimes scattered and sometimes coherently quoted in narrative sources, and the elimination of repetitions and cases of overlap, it became clear that although these hadiths can not be considered verbal continuity, but their comprehensive spiritual value can be considered as spiritual frequency. . In this way, the problems of those who have considered the acceptance of hadiths in the field of beliefs to be conditional on their frequency are answered. The method for doing this article is library.worldlyˈwərldlēTranslations of worldlyAdjectiveFrequencyدنیویworldly, mundane, secular, temporal, terrestrial, earthyمادیmaterial, physical, materialist, corporeal, worldly, somaticاین جهانیworldly, mundane, terrestrial, sublunar, sublunaryخاکیearthen, earthy, earthly, terrestrial, khaki, worldlyجسمانیphysical, bodily, corporeal, material, sensual, worldlyDefinitions of worldlyAdjective1(of a person) experienced and sophisticated.she was much more worldly than Nora and dismissed the slurSynonyms:having been aroundsophisticatedexperiencedworldly-wiseknowledgeableknowingawareenlightenedshrewdastuteperceptivemedia-savvymatureseasonedcosmopolitanurbanecultivatedculturedunprovincial2of or concerned with material values or ordinary life rather than a spiritual existence.his ambitions for worldly successSynonyms:sublunaryterrenelaicearthlyterrestrialtemporalmundanemortalhumannonspiritualunspiritualmaterialmaterialisticphysicaltangiblecarnalfleshlybodilycorporealgrosssensualbasesordidvileprofanesecularlaynonchurchnonreligiousExamples of worldlyhis ambitions for worldly successshe was much more worldly than Nora and dismissed the slurSynonyms of worldlyAdjectivehaving been aroundsophisticatedsublunaryearthly44 more synonyms Manuscript profile

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26 - Eschatology and its Influence on Sanāī's Mysticism in Hadiqat al Haqiqa
Alirezā Mohammadi KollehSar Susan Moosāee

Hadiqat al Haqiqa includes mystical terms, themes and stories and has been referred to as the first mystical narrative in verse in Persian language. However, it seems that mysticism hasn’t a central role in the book. By recognizing the main and dominant views and More

Hadiqat al Haqiqa includes mystical terms, themes and stories and has been referred to as the first mystical narrative in verse in Persian language. However, it seems that mysticism hasn’t a central role in the book. By recognizing the main and dominant views and themes in Hadiqat al Haqiqa, the present paper attempts to consider the views of Sanāī about mystical terms and concepts. In order to achieve these goals and by using the structural method, the semantic relations of the words and concepts have been analyzed. It can be said that the contrast between the world and the hereafter is the main theme of Hadiqat al Haqiqa. The semantic correlations of the book indicate that about the contrast the world and the hereafter there is no difference between Sanāī's views and common views in non-mystical texts. This contrast is so powerful that changes the meaning of the other mystical terms and converts them into the elements regardless of the customary esotericism in Sufism.    Manuscript profile

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27 - Studying the Common Themes in Nibelungenlied and Shāhnāmeh
Kambiz Safiee

Although epic isn’t the oldest narrative genre but it is the most prevailing one in the ancient time and middle ages. Epic and myth, oral or written, can be found in all cultures and sub-cultures. Myths provide the raw material for the epics and in some cultures e More

Although epic isn’t the oldest narrative genre but it is the most prevailing one in the ancient time and middle ages. Epic and myth, oral or written, can be found in all cultures and sub-cultures. Myths provide the raw material for the epics and in some cultures epics are continuation of them. The world's literature is full of epic-mythical themes. We can see these themes in two prominent books of Persian and German literature, namely Nibelungenlied and Shāhnāmeh. The common subjects such as mythical heroes, super-natural animals, war, battle, revenge and the like can be seen in these works. In the present article, after presenting the backgrounds of two epics, the two super-heroes, Siegfried and Rostam, are compared and common themes and common historical and epic features in these two prominent masterpieces are entertained. Manuscript profile

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28 - Tyler,s model of psychosocial competence:a comparison of iranian and lebanese students
Oumaima Mohsen Olleik Maria A. Vafaie Kazem Rassoulzadeh Tabatabai

In order to assess differences in intercorrelation coefficients among the three components of proactive coping, external locus of control, and attitude towards the world 172 Iranian students (50 male, 122 female) and 146 Lebanese students (66 male, 80 female) responded More

In order to assess differences in intercorrelation coefficients among the three components of proactive coping, external locus of control, and attitude towards the world 172 Iranian students (50 male, 122 female) and 146 Lebanese students (66 male, 80 female) responded to the Psychosocial Competence Scale (Tyler, 1978), Rotter ’s Internal and External Locus of Control Scale (Rotter, 1966) and Rotter Trust Scale (1967). Findings revealed that in the Lebanese sample, with the rise in external locus of control and a more positive attitude towards the world, proactive coping decreased whereas in the Iranian sample higher external locus of control was coupled with lower proactive coping. The relationship between external locus of control and attitude towards the world was insignificant in both groups but this coefficient was significantly larger for the Iranian group. Differences in social and political structures of the two countries are discussed as the main reason behind these findings.     Manuscript profile

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29 - Merleau-Ponty's ‘Chiasm’ in Gary Snyder's Eco-Poems
BAHARE AARABI Negar Sharif Farid Parvaneh

This research paper seeks to apply Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s eco-phenomenology to a selection of poems written by the American poet and environmental activist, Gary Snyder. 'Eco-phenomenology' is the point where philosophy and ecology meet. This almost new favored t More

This research paper seeks to apply Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s eco-phenomenology to a selection of poems written by the American poet and environmental activist, Gary Snyder. 'Eco-phenomenology' is the point where philosophy and ecology meet. This almost new favored trend in the academia’s perspective deals with the environmental issues from a phenomenological viewpoint. Dismantling Cartesian dualism and proposing the philosophy of 'chiasm,' Merleau-Ponty has contributed substantially to environmental ethics and has proved himself an inseparable part of eco-phenomenology.The present article focuses on one of Merleau-Ponty’s underlying theoretical premises, ‘chiasm’ to provide Snyder’s holistic and non-hierarchical worldview as the basis of his eco-poems and environmental activities. The present research paper, as a qualitative, descriptive, and library-based one, conducts both a textual and contextual analysis to bring to light a new discourse in Schneider's poetry with the focus on the mutual participation between human flesh and the ‘flesh of the world’ at moments of perception. Manuscript profile

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30 - The Study of Date Export Comparative Advantage Trend in IRAN & Major World Exporter
Shahriar Nessabian Javad Ghoreyshi Abhari Mona Ashtiani

In order to allocate a good share in the process of globalization of economy to our country, and promote it, we have to identify our potential advantages to gain better advantages in the stage of world trade. This survey studied the existence or non-existence of the Com More

In order to allocate a good share in the process of globalization of economy to our country, and promote it, we have to identify our potential advantages to gain better advantages in the stage of world trade. This survey studied the existence or non-existence of the Comparative Advantage of Iran and fourteen date exporting countries such as Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Palestine, Algeria, Iraq, Oman, Egypt, France, Mexico, United States of America, Netherlands and Germany which were the supreme date exporting countries of the world respectively from 1995 (coincident with the beginning of WTO's activities) to 2007. Additionally, the trend of variations of date exporting comparative advantage, the place and competitive grade (comparative advantage) of these fifteen countries in1995 – 2007 are studied. Thus, by using F.A.O. data, in this survey RSCA, χ 2 indexes have been estimated. The results showed that inspite of the favorable situation of Iran in world palm production, a fluctuation has been observed in RSCA during the period of the present study, and it was stabled only in the last few years of this period. Attention should be paid to this issue and fundamental actions should be undertaken. Manuscript profile

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31 - Changing the world: A survey and critique of Fichte's doctrine of cognition and its relationship to the moral philosophy
mohsen bagherzadeh meshkibaf mahmoud Sufiani

Fichte's philosophy has understood the interpretation of the world by its changing. In this philosophy, theoretical reflection without considering of the change of the world will be meaningless. The most important philosophical achievement of the world according to Fich More

Fichte's philosophy has understood the interpretation of the world by its changing. In this philosophy, theoretical reflection without considering of the change of the world will be meaningless. The most important philosophical achievement of the world according to Fichte, that is Kant's philosophy, despite providing tools for changing the world, does not use it in this direction. Fichte's mission is to establish a connection between Kant's philosophy and the outside world. In this way, Fichte rejects or alters all the dichotomies and theories that prevented the establishment of this similarity in Kant's philosophy, and opens the way for theory of theory-action and subject-object. And we show how Fichte, by this way, has transformed the meaning of freedom, reality and idealism. In this article, the authors carefully examined all of Fichte's achievements along the way, and then criticized Fichte's method and strategy, showing how he fallen into the trap of obstacles that he had previously recognized in Kant. Manuscript profile

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32 - The Priority of Self over Body from the Viewpoints of Mulla Sadrā and ‘Allāmah Majlisī
سیده مریم کطائیان موسی ملایری

Acquiring knowledge and wisdom is the most important characteristic of human being which is intensely commanded by the Islamic tradition. However, from what kind of knowledge shall we start our quest? and to which unknown shall we deal with? Surely self-knowledge is the More

Acquiring knowledge and wisdom is the most important characteristic of human being which is intensely commanded by the Islamic tradition. However, from what kind of knowledge shall we start our quest? and to which unknown shall we deal with? Surely self-knowledge is the most vital knowledge which is accompanied by divine and transcendental values for men, therefore Islamic philosophers and thinkers have seriously dealt with it. One of the most significant issues, in this respect, is createdness and eternity of the self. Mulla Sadrā, among the Islamic philosophers, and ‘Allāmah Majlisī, among the traditionists, have dealt with this issue in their works. There are common points in their views by which the two streams, i.e. philosophy and tradition, could be close together.   Manuscript profile

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33 - Presence and being in the world in Mulla Sadra and Heidegger’s philosophy
Fatemeh ghowanloo Hamed Naji Isfahani

Human’s knowledge by presence to himself is the foundation of his presence in his sight and direct intuition of the being. Mulla Sadra has rescued human being from the insurmountable gap of contradiction between subject and object relying on the self as a being wh More

Human’s knowledge by presence to himself is the foundation of his presence in his sight and direct intuition of the being. Mulla Sadra has rescued human being from the insurmountable gap of contradiction between subject and object relying on the self as a being which identifies the being and knowledge. The mankind by his presence finds his existence connected to the external world. Finding the self in the midst of creatures and having a specific relation with the world means being in the world. Heidegger also raises the issue of presence and being in the world regarding human’s specific relation with the world and his ability to interpret and evaluate the existence and being beyond-existence. Therefore, it can be said that human’s presence in itself is the basis of his being in the world. By this consideration, there are many similarities between Sadra and Heidegger’s doctrine. Manuscript profile

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34 - Requirements of Iranian Energy Diplomacy in International Political Economy
Akbar Sadeghi Seyyed Jalal Dehghani Firouz Abadi Hadi Ajili

Energy diplomacy can be considered as part of the macro-energy policy of Iran in different periods. This will provide the necessary resources to maintain and increase Iran's share in the global economic market. Energy as a geopolitical variable has opened a special plac More

Energy diplomacy can be considered as part of the macro-energy policy of Iran in different periods. This will provide the necessary resources to maintain and increase Iran's share in the global economic market. Energy as a geopolitical variable has opened a special place to power relations in the contemporary global system and access to energy resources for all levels of global hierarchy of power has become strategic. Hence, each of the actors in the global system is seeking a meaningful definition of the position of their energy diplomacy in the world. In the meantime, Iran, with its second largest oil and natural gas reserves in the world's second largest strategic energy ocean center, has an important place in global energy developments.This paper tries to study the issue of energy diplomacy as one of the strategic necessities of Iran. The hypothesis of the paper emphasizes that the use of energy diplomacy provides the necessary ground for reducing international constraints on Iran. The methodology of this paper is based on the approach of international political economy (interdependence). Manuscript profile

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35 - Theoretical Foundations of Justice in the Political Discourse of the Islamic Revolution
Ali Ghadimi Garineh Keshishyan Siraki حسن خداوردی

The Islamic Revolution of Iran was one of the most important revolutions of the 20th century. One of the theoretical foundations of this revolution was its central justice; which was able to shape the political discourse of the Islamic Revolution and attract many opin More

The Islamic Revolution of Iran was one of the most important revolutions of the 20th century. One of the theoretical foundations of this revolution was its central justice; which was able to shape the political discourse of the Islamic Revolution and attract many opinions to itself. The theoretical foundations of justice, which appeared as a central sign in the political discourse of the Islamic Revolution, by focusing on the principle of justice and fairness, and emphasizing on these principles, was able to establish the link between religion and the world, righteousness and God-centeredness, central duty and the pursuit of perfection, central duty and spirituality. to create the political discourse of the Islamic revolution, by emphasizing these components, was able to find a very special place among the countries of the world and revolutionary movements, as well as the ideal of liberation. Emancipation and central justice were the two main parameters of Iran's Islamic Revolution; which distinguished it from all the great revolutions in the 20th century. The main question of the article was, what are the theoretical foundations of justice in the political discourse of the Islamic Revolution and where did they originate from? In response, these theoretical foundations were examined in the thoughts of Farabi, Ibn Khaldun, Allameh Tabatabaei and Imam Khomeini, the leader of the Islamic Revolution. In this article, it was emphasized how these components were able to globalize the Islamic revolution. The theoretical framework of discourse was also used for this purpose. Manuscript profile

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36 - The influence of Moulana on the world thinkers especially thinkers in the Subcontinent
Reza MostafaviSabzehvari

The sublime thoughts of Moulana are considered as the most illuminating manifestation of spirituality in the east and it is such pure spirituality which finds utmost importance in the world today where humanity is threatened by the materialism from every direction.&nbsp More

The sublime thoughts of Moulana are considered as the most illuminating manifestation of spirituality in the east and it is such pure spirituality which finds utmost importance in the world today where humanity is threatened by the materialism from every direction.  In fact, the phenomenal talent and grand and heavenly thoughts and profound soul of Moulanahas been the greatest treasure ever presented by any nation to the literature, culture, and civilization of the world to the extent that the illuminating light of his spirituality has captured the heart and soul of great thinkers and poets from all over the globe from AllamehIqbal  in the subcontinentto Professor Nicholson the famous English orientalist and commentator of Masnavi in the west.  They are all under the influence of Moulana’s profound humane thoughts.  It is therefore the purpose of this article to illustrate instances of such influence particularly focusing on the mystics and literary figures of the subcontinent. Manuscript profile

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37 - Decoding Daghoghi’s story
Fatemeh Haydari

Daghoghi’s story in Masnavi Manavi is one of the stories which bewildered the readers but the bewilderment that the poet has times and times refers to is a mystical bewilderment. The poet’s experience and the theme of the story do not look familiar to the re More

Daghoghi’s story in Masnavi Manavi is one of the stories which bewildered the readers but the bewilderment that the poet has times and times refers to is a mystical bewilderment. The poet’s experience and the theme of the story do not look familiar to the reader and it has hidden secrets whose understanding is not possible with our ordinary senses and it is beyond our everyday life experiences.  The internal ambiguity of most events requires commentaries and interpretations in such a way that in order to unveil its mysteries one cannot rely on logic and intellect. This story is an eternal experience which is transmitted through the unconscious and the key to the discovery of the unconscious is the study of its symbols.  In this article attempt is made to give a brief outline of the story and to solve some of its mysteries and complexities. Manuscript profile

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38 - A Study of O’Hara’s Poetry in the Light of Merleau-Ponty’s Philosophy of Nature
Bahare Aarabi Negar Sharif Farid Parvaneh

This study aims to utilize Maurice Merleau-Ponty's environmental phenomenology in analyzing the chosen poems written by Frank O'Hara, a significant figure in the New York School of Poetry.' Eco-phenomenology 'is where philosophy and ecology meet. Encouraging to revi More

This study aims to utilize Maurice Merleau-Ponty's environmental phenomenology in analyzing the chosen poems written by Frank O'Hara, a significant figure in the New York School of Poetry.' Eco-phenomenology 'is where philosophy and ecology meet. Encouraging to review the traditional beliefs of Western philosophy about nature, this relatively new vogue of criticism deals with environmental issues from a phenomenological perspective. This article aims to analyze several poems by Frank O'Hara from the New York School of Poetry through the lens of eco-phenomenology. The goal is to challenge the perception that this poetic movement is solely urban and lacks awareness of the natural environment. By highlighting a divide within this poetry that demonstrates an understanding of a wider phenomenological world, encompassing both humans and non-humans, we aim to refute the notion of reductive urbanism. Being a Critique of Cartesian mind-body dualism and the anthropocentric perspective resulting from it, this study applies the chiasmic ontology of Merleau-Ponty to the selected poems. The present research demonstrates that O'Hara's poetry exhibits a prevailing mutual participation between human flesh and the 'flesh of the world', as described by Merleau-Ponty's concept of chiasm, particularly during moments of perception. This study examines how O'Hara's work demonstrates the concept of 'body', a crucial term in Merleau-Ponty's philosophy, and how this demonstration leads to the development of an eco-phenomenological perspective in his urban poetry. Conducting both textual and contextual analyses, this research brings to the fore O’Hara’s eco-consciousness and his vision of interrelations governing the universe, despite his embracing urban life. Manuscript profile

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39 - Jurisprudential documents on the necessity of the convergence of the Muslims of the world
Akram Hashemzadeh Hossein Izadi

Ever since the Prophet's mission and the presentation of Islam to humanity, the Qur'an and the infallibles have always emphasized the necessity of achieving convergence between Muslims, and reformers emphasized on its realization from the very beginning of Islam. The ne More

Ever since the Prophet's mission and the presentation of Islam to humanity, the Qur'an and the infallibles have always emphasized the necessity of achieving convergence between Muslims, and reformers emphasized on its realization from the very beginning of Islam. The necessity of convergence is due to the fact that, unfortunately, harm has been caused to convergence and that is; According to the reasons that have a much lower strength and jurisprudential identity compared to the reasons for convergence, people beat the barrel of divergence. The main question of the current research is what are the jurisprudential foundations of Muslim convergence. The present article tries to comprehensively explain the issue of convergence and its necessity by using the descriptive-analytical method and by collecting information in a library and by referring to the books and articles written in this field. The results of the research show that in the discussion of convergence, reference to the book (Qur'an), Sunnah and the use of the consensus of the discoverer of the Sunnah and finally, reference to reason and the use of independent and non-independent intellectuals are pervasive and inevitable. Manuscript profile

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