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Open Access Article
1 - Modeling of Beta Diversity along a Gradient of Disturbance and Environmental Factors in Hyrcanian Forests - Kheyrud Kenar, Nowshahr
malihe erfani Afshin Danehkar Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny Vahid EtemadIntroduction: Knowledge of distribution patterns and maintenance mechanisms of biodiversity along environmental and disturbance gradients is essential to develop biodiversity conservation strategies. In this study, modeling of beta diversity construct was performed at K MoreIntroduction: Knowledge of distribution patterns and maintenance mechanisms of biodiversity along environmental and disturbance gradients is essential to develop biodiversity conservation strategies. In this study, modeling of beta diversity construct was performed at Kheyrud forests of Noshahr.Material and Methods: Modeling of beta diversity was conducted using 7 indicators for disturbance construct, 4 indicators for environmental heterogeneity, 10 indicators for soil, and 5 indicators for land cover and crown percent construct. All species of vascular plants at 100 plots and 6 homogeneous zones were recorded along disturbance gradients in cluster sampling. Beta diversity indices were calculated for each cluster and with other indicators of constructs were entered in structural equation modeling.Results: Results showed that the remaining indicators in the model were able to explain the variation in beta diversity (R2= 0.761). The predictive relevance of the model for the beta diversity construct was very large (Q2= 0.422).Discussion and Conclusions: The most important disturbance indicators were area accessibility, number of management plans for harvest, reverse of the years since last harvest, number of grazing days per year and livestock density per hectare, respectively. Effective soil indicators for beta diversity were soil organic matter content, nitrogen and percentage of calcium carbonate of the soil, effective bulk density and soil potassium levels, respectively. Canopy cover and litter cover had negative influence on beta diversity. Environmental heterogeneity had a significant moderator role in reduction of disturbance influence on beta diversity. Because of the scale of disturbance and environmental heterogeneity, beta diversity is useful for comparing communities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Comparison of Plant Species Diversity and Evenness in Different Grazing Levels Southeastern Slopes of Sabalan
Robab Bagherian Kiomars Sefidi Farshad Keivan Behjou Ali Ashraf Soltani Behzad BehtariBackground and Objective: Assess the diversity of the understanding of ecosystem function; maintain genetic resources, checking environmental changes, and success or failure will help natural resource management programs. Over-grazing and uncontrolled usage of rangeland MoreBackground and Objective: Assess the diversity of the understanding of ecosystem function; maintain genetic resources, checking environmental changes, and success or failure will help natural resource management programs. Over-grazing and uncontrolled usage of rangelands are the most common and the most important factor of rangeland degradation which causes a reduction in species diversity. Method: In order to investigate the effect of different grazing intensities on species diversity and uniformity in the rangelands of the southeastern slopes of Sabalan, three habitats with different grazing managements including light, medium and severe grazing were selected and one square meter plots along three 200-meter transects were sampled. In each plot, the list of available species, canopy percentage and number of individuals of each plot were recorded. Simpson, Shannon and Brillon diversity indices and Camargo, Simpson and Smith-Wilson uniformity indices were calculated. Findings: The results showed that the area with medium to light grazing intensity has the highest diversity and uniformity compared to the area with heavy grazing intensity which indicates favorable conditions for the establishment of several species. Discussion and Conclusions: Due to the significant effect of grazing intensity on diversity and richness indices, it is necessary for rangeland managers to control grazing intensity through management methods to maintain the diversity of rangeland ecosystems. Therefore, it is enough to target the management based on moderate grazing and bring the areas with intense grazing to the conditions of moderate grazing so that the good and tasty species gradually replace the woody and poor species. Desirable species and plant species and woody species are poor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Effect of Different Grazing Intensities on Diversity and Plants Cover Composition in Semi-Arid Grazing (Case study: Mohammad Abad, Jiroft)
Ehsan Kamali Maskooni Adeli Behzad Iraj AmiriBackground and Objective: It is necessary to be aware of the destructive factors in the ecosystem. These factors cause shelter and biomass destruction, thus decreasing species diversity. Livestock over grazing is one of the most physical destructive pressures on rangela MoreBackground and Objective: It is necessary to be aware of the destructive factors in the ecosystem. These factors cause shelter and biomass destruction, thus decreasing species diversity. Livestock over grazing is one of the most physical destructive pressures on rangeland that leads to a decrease in diversity and vegetation elements. The aim of this study has been conducted to investigate the effect of different grazing intensities on the diversity and richness of plant species in the semi-arid rangelands of Mohammad Abad area of Jiroft, Kerman Province, Iran. Method: We selected 3 sites that included light, moderate and heavy grazing intensities. Sampling was performed using 90 plots (2 m2) along 18 transects. The list of specie, canopy coverage and number of individuals per species were recorded for each sampling unit. To evaluate diversity and richness of the plant species, Margalef and Menhing richness indices, and Simpson, Shannon, Hill N0 and Hill N1 diversity indices were calculated. SPSS software was applied for data analysis. Comparison of different indices of diversity and richness among study sites was performed by the Tukey test. Findings: The results of Margalef richness index showed significant differences between all grazing sites. No significant difference existed in the Menhing richness index of different grazing categories (p<0.01). Results of calculations of diversity indices for Simpson, Shannon, Hill N0 and Hill N1 showed that there were significant difference (p<0.01) between all grazing sites. Discussion and Conclusion: Generally, diversity and species richness indices due to low rainfall and placement in the semi-arid region are relatively low in the case study. Therefore, because of the sensitive and fragile nature of these types of rangelands in the operation, we should pay more attention to prevent further destruction and amended the composition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effects of Rangeland Landuse Changing into Dryland from Herbal Species Diversity Viewpoint (Case Study: Rangelands in Dehgolan City, Kurdistan)
Hamid Rahmani Younes Asri Mehdi Ramezani Nematallah Khorasani Hosein MaroofiBackground and Objective: The natural rangeland changing into dryland is one of the important agents for destruction of rangelands in Iran. The destruction and landuse conversion can impress various constituents of rangeland ecosystems. This research mainly attempts to MoreBackground and Objective: The natural rangeland changing into dryland is one of the important agents for destruction of rangelands in Iran. The destruction and landuse conversion can impress various constituents of rangeland ecosystems. This research mainly attempts to investigate the vegetation transitions in species diversity in the years following destruction. Method: The natural rangelands (key area) and the converted adjacent lands into drylands (critical area) were selected for sampling by using random-systematic plan in Dehgolan of Kurdistan Province. Three transects along a slope with 100 m length for each and 50 m distance between them were set at two herbal mentioned areas. Based on minimal area method, five quadrats of one square meter area were set along each transect. The species list with their self-relative frequency was registered in quadrats. The species evenness based on four numerical indices including Simpson's evenness, Camargo, Smith-Wilson and Modified Nee, the species richness according to two indices including Jackknife estimate and Rarefraction method and the species diversity by four indices including Shannon-Wiener, Brillouin, McIntosh and Simpson were analyzed and compared together. Results: 26 herbal species at the natural rangeland and 18 species at the land converted into dryland were gathered. The results obtained from data analysis showed that species diversity and richnessof plants have had degradation and species evenness has dad enhancement at the land converted into dryland. However, statistical T-Test did not show a significant difference between the two mentioned fields. Generally, it was concluded that rangeland changing into dryland reduced the species diversity of range plants and its statistical non-significance was of multiple reasons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigation of species diversity in medicinal plants of Asadli-Pelmiss summer rangelands in North Khorasan province
Negin Nodehi Mousa AkbarlouAbstract Background and Objective: Species diversity conservation is a main objective in rangelands management. In ecosystem management, the first step is to determine the factors influencing the distribution of species and species diversity, knowing that species divers MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Species diversity conservation is a main objective in rangelands management. In ecosystem management, the first step is to determine the factors influencing the distribution of species and species diversity, knowing that species diversity is correlated with ecosystem parameters. By measuring the diversity, distribution of species in the environment can be studied with an emphasis on the dynamics of ecosystems and proper management recommendations can be presented. Method: In this study, 90 plots (1 m2) were established in the study area in a systematic-randomized manner. Presence and cover percent were determined within each plot.Also identification of medicinal plants, belonging to genus and family, was performed and biological type,life form and growth form were determined. Shannon and McIntosh diversity indices were used to estimate the species diversity of medicinal plants in taxonomic, life form, biological type and growth form levels. Conclusion: The results showed that the species diversity of Asadli-Pelmiss rangelands could be considered as moderate, and the vegetation of the study area was mostly of perennial plants species which is a characteristic of mountainous areas with cold climate in altitudes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Species diversity of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) and determination of the dominant species in Garmsar region
Azadeh Jabbari Ali Ahadiyat Rustem HayatHover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are considered as one of the most important natural enemies of aphids, and one of the most useful pollinators of plants. Their larvae are predators of aphids and they have an important role in ensuring biological balance. In this study, MoreHover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are considered as one of the most important natural enemies of aphids, and one of the most useful pollinators of plants. Their larvae are predators of aphids and they have an important role in ensuring biological balance. In this study, which were performed in Garmsār region in 2010, these flies were collected and identified. The species diversity of these insects was measured by indexes of Shanon–Winer (H´), Brilloun (Ĥ), and Margalov (Dmg). In the faunistic studies, 16 species belonging to 10 genera and 2 sub-families, were identified, among them the species, Eupeodes lapponicus, is considered as the new record form Iran. The maximum diversity and abundance of hover flies in Garmsār were as Ĥ=1.125, H´=2.247, Dmg=22.878 at the first week of Khordād month (end of May). Also, Episyrphus balteatus is dominant speciesin Garmsar region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Species diversity of edaphic Mesostigmatid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) associated with oak forests in the Kamphirouz region of Fars province
Hadi Ostovan sh. hesami m. farzanehThe aim of this study was to evaluate the species diversity of mites among stigmata in 2018- 2019 in the Kamphirouz region of Fars province, Iran. For sampling, 2 regions were considered. Continuous soil sampling was performed every 2 weeks. A total of 881 specimens bel MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the species diversity of mites among stigmata in 2018- 2019 in the Kamphirouz region of Fars province, Iran. For sampling, 2 regions were considered. Continuous soil sampling was performed every 2 weeks. A total of 881 specimens belonging to 22 species from 10 genera and 6 families were collected. Biodiversity indices were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2016 software. The results showed that due to the location of 11 out of 22 species in the family Laelapidae, the species of this family with a total of 33.94%, had the highest presence in both north, south and in total. Also, Neoseiulus barkeri was the dominant species, with the total of 24.29% and also, the highest abundance among the both regions. The Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Margalf, Manhing and Pete species diversity indices were calculated in two regions, separately for each season. In general, all indices except the Pitt index in the northern region were much higher than the southern region. Family indices are not significantly different in the two regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - A survey on abundance and species diversity of Braconid wasps in forest of Mazandaran province
nasrin kian Shila Goldasteh S. FarahaniThe species diversity of parasitoid wasps of Braconidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) were studied in Mazandaran province (Salardareh, Shavilasht, Haft khal, Alikola) in 2016. The specimens were collected bi-weekly intervals in 2016 using Malaise traps. A total of 161 specimen MoreThe species diversity of parasitoid wasps of Braconidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) were studied in Mazandaran province (Salardareh, Shavilasht, Haft khal, Alikola) in 2016. The specimens were collected bi-weekly intervals in 2016 using Malaise traps. A total of 161 specimens were identified representing 33 species. The species diversity of the family Braconidae was studied using SDR software. Abundance, Diversity and Evenness indexes were evaluated for 33 species in four different sites. Homolobus truncator (Say, 1829) with %16.77 and Disophrys initiator (Fonscolombe, 1846) with %15.53 had the highest abundance among the species and presents in all sites. The α diversity index indicated that Alikola are more diverse. Based on statistical comparison, Evenness index indicated that Salardareh and Shavilasht were more evenness. The aim of this study was to evaluate abundance and diversity of braconid wasps in four sites in forest of Mazandaran province, north of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Species Diversity of Edaphic Mesostigmatid Mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) of Shiraz
m. farzaneh Hadi Ostovan SH. hesamiSpecies diversity is one of the most important indicators of changes in ecosystems. This subject always considered as a significant point in ecosystem. Mesotigmatid mites are the largest order among Parasitiformes mites. The main purpose of this survey was evaluating of MoreSpecies diversity is one of the most important indicators of changes in ecosystems. This subject always considered as a significant point in ecosystem. Mesotigmatid mites are the largest order among Parasitiformes mites. The main purpose of this survey was evaluating of species diversity of mites among Mesotigmata during the 2018 in Shiraz city. In each region, 2 habitats of urban green space (Landscape) trees and orchard trees were selected. Continuous soil sampling was performed every 2 weeks. A total of 1252 specimens belonging to 22 species from 11 families and 8 host plant were collected. Calculation of biodiversity indices based on species abundance and data analysis using Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, Pete, Manning and Margalf indices, using Microsoft Excel 2016 was calculated. Our finding shower that biological indicators are significantly different according to vegetation and sampling seasons. Based on LSD test to compare indices in different seasons of the year, spring with 0.913 Simpson indices, Shannon-Wiener 2.569, Pete 0.9482, and Margalf 2.815 had the highest values while in the index. Also according to this test, green space had the highest indices with 0.837 Simpson, 2.154 Shannon-Wiener, 1.362 Manning and 2.55. the highest diversity observed relative frequency with 54.04% belonged to the Laelapidae family. The highest frequency of specimens among fruit trees was related to pomegranate with 204 and among urban green space trees belonged to poplar with 333 specimens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigation of the species Diversity of the Family Dolichopodidae (Dip. Empidoidea) In different parts of Tehran and Alborz provinces
M. Kabiri Nasab Kabiri Nasab shila goldasteh F. Kazerani E. SanatgarPreserving and increasing the insect biodiversity is considered as one of the most important components in pest control without the use of chemical pesticides and plays an important role in reducing environmental pollution and achieving sustainable development. Dolichop MorePreserving and increasing the insect biodiversity is considered as one of the most important components in pest control without the use of chemical pesticides and plays an important role in reducing environmental pollution and achieving sustainable development. Dolichopodidae, the long-legged flies, with more than 7500 described species in about 276 genera is the most important and biggest family of the superfamily Empidoidea. Adults and larvae of the most species are predators of other insects. In the present study, in order to investigate the fauna of the family Dolichopodidae, sampling was performed using entomological nets and Malaysian traps in 2017-2018 in Tehran and Alborz provinces. Species diversity studies showed that the diversity of this family in the areas with high humidity and mixed and abundant vegetation is more than other areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Species diversity of terrestrial snails (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) in the west of Isfahan province
Elaheh Fazilinejad Hamid Belgheis zadehMollusca: Gastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda) are the main groups of invertebrates in various ecosystems that are known as pests of vegetable and summer crops as well as the intermediate host of a number of parasitic protozoan and worms. They are important in various fiel MoreMollusca: Gastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda) are the main groups of invertebrates in various ecosystems that are known as pests of vegetable and summer crops as well as the intermediate host of a number of parasitic protozoan and worms. They are important in various fields of agriculture, medicine and veterinary medicine. Since there is no report on the species diversity of terrestrial snails in the west of Isfahan province, this study was conducted to study the biodiversity of terrestrial snails in the area and search for important species from different dimensions. For this purpose, the west of Isfahan province was divided into 5 regions (Faridan, Fereydoun Shahr, Chdegan, Khansar and Golpayegan). Then the samples collected from these stations were systematically and morphologically examined using valid identification keys up to the species level. The effect of environmental factors such as temperature and relative humidity on the distribution of species was also determined. According to the results, it was found that the optimum temperature for the collected snails was 19-15°C and the best relative humidity was 25-45%. Finally, based on the results, six species of four genera under two families were identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Faunistic of Nemacheilidae in Rivers of Tehran province
Siamak Yousefi Siahkalroodi Ali Zamani Mahyar Yousefi Siahkalroodi Fatemeh Khan AhmadiIdentification, species diversity and abundance of Nemacheilidae were carried out in the rivers of Tehran province from autumn 2018 to autumn 2019 for twelve months. For this purpose, 10 sampling stations were selected. The samples were catching by electroshock, then fi MoreIdentification, species diversity and abundance of Nemacheilidae were carried out in the rivers of Tehran province from autumn 2018 to autumn 2019 for twelve months. For this purpose, 10 sampling stations were selected. The samples were catching by electroshock, then fixed with alcohol and transferred to laboratory for biometry. The results of this study showed that three species belonging to the Nemacheilidae live in Jajrood, Hablehrood and Lar Rivers in Tehran province. Oxynoemacheilus bergiana with 77.27% highest and Paracobitis iranian with 15% and Oxynoemacheilus angorae with 7.73% lowest species diversity at selected stations. Also in Saeedabad station, the frequency of Oxynoemacheilus bergiana was 77.27% and Paracobitis Iranian was 3.18%. At Khojir station, the frequency of Paracobitis iranian was 3.63%. In Zarrin Dasht and Simin Dasht stations, the frequency of Paracobitis iranian is equal to 4.1%. At Lar dam and Delicha stations, the abundance of Oxynoemacheilus angorae was 5.45% and 2.27%, respectively. Also, the highest density of fish caught in the season belonged to summer, autumn, spring and winter, respectively. The frequency of Oxynoemacheilus bergiana was 34.1% in summer, 20% in autumn, 11.8% in winter and 11.336 in spring. Paracobitis iranian was 8.63% in summer and 6.37% in spring. Oxynoemacheilus angorae was 5.45% in summer and 2.28% in autumn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Study of Diversity and Population of Terrestrial birds in the Margin of Miangharan Wetland in Winter and Spring
Behrouz Behrouzi-RadIn this study, 32 bird species from 17 families on the margin of Miangharan wetland were identified. The identification of birds carried out every month in a day from December 2017 to the end of June 2017 by walking along the edge of the Miangharan marsh with the camera MoreIn this study, 32 bird species from 17 families on the margin of Miangharan wetland were identified. The identification of birds carried out every month in a day from December 2017 to the end of June 2017 by walking along the edge of the Miangharan marsh with the camera and the telescope through direct observation and the total count method. A total of 1,643 birds was counted, with the highest number in February of 386, and the lowest number in June was 209 individuals, and the highest number of birds was 970 in the winter and the lowest population in the spring of 673 birds. The similarity coefficient between the community of terrestrial birds in winter and spring was 95.5% and Euclidean difference was 125.22. The highest evenness was observed in March (0.691) and the lowest evenness was in June (0.448). The most diversity of Margalf, Shannon, and Menhinink were in March, 926/4, 807/1 and 854/2 respectively. Diversity of Whitaker, Harrison and William were zero in between winter and spring bird communities. The t-test showed that there was no significant difference between population and the number of species in both spring and winter seasons with 95% confidence. These studies have shown that the Miangharan wetland, in addition to protecting and maintaining waterbirds in the winter, is also important for the conservation and provides habitats for terrestrial birds and should be considered in its management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Evaluation of Rainwater Harvesting Methods and its effect on vegetation and soil characteristics (Case studies: Bolbol pasture of Ashkzar)
Ali zare mohammad ali Hakimzadeh Ali akbar karimianIn the present study, the contour furrow operation germinated with seeding was evaluated in Bolbol pasture with 108 mm of annual rainfall and 4.47% vegetation cover. For this purpose, two control sites and contour furrow sites were identified and the characteristics of MoreIn the present study, the contour furrow operation germinated with seeding was evaluated in Bolbol pasture with 108 mm of annual rainfall and 4.47% vegetation cover. For this purpose, two control sites and contour furrow sites were identified and the characteristics of vegetation and soil within each site were investigated. Vegetation characteristics include: total canopy cover, density, Artemisia canopy cover, uniformity indices, richness and diversity of species and soil parameters include: Soil permeability, soil moisture and carbon stabilization. According to the results of analysis of variance, the effect of contour furrow on the Artemisia canopy cover, the percentage of total canopy cover, uniformity and richness of species and soil moisture in May was significant at 1% and the effect of furrows on species richness at 5% was significant. Implementation of furrow operations with an average 550 m lenth per hectare has increased the vegetation canopy cover by 1.32% and the Artemisia canopy cover by 1.08%. Increase in vegetation canopy cover on the furrow site Due to the moisture stored in the furrow, which is 20% higher than the control site in May, more suitable conditions are created for vegetation inside the furrow. The maximum ecological potential of the study area and regions with similar climatic and adaptive conditions is 1.32% increasing canopy cover of vegetation, which should be considered in the executive plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Effects of altitude on tree species diversity in Hyanan oak forests of Ilam province
ahmad hoseiniAbstract To study of tree species diversity in relation to elevation and some of stand structure characteristics, area about 450 ha of Hyanan forests located in north-east of Ilam city was selected. 46 plots 2000m2 were established in site using transects by ran MoreAbstract To study of tree species diversity in relation to elevation and some of stand structure characteristics, area about 450 ha of Hyanan forests located in north-east of Ilam city was selected. 46 plots 2000m2 were established in site using transects by random- systematic method. Variables in each plot were included tree diameter (DBH), crown maximum and minimum diameter for all trees, number of trees and tree species, and data of elevation. Values of five biodiversity indices were computed by PAST software and then analyzed. Totally 6 tree species were presented in the plots which the most presentation was belong to the Quercus persica. Results showed that elevation have significantly affected on diversity, richness and evenness of tree species and the middle elevation classes had the most species richness and diversity. Evenness has the ascending trend with ascend of elevation, but decreased in 2300m from sea level. Canopy density had positive correlation with richness but negative correlation with evenness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Evaluation of probiotic characteristics and intraspecific diversity of Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from different foods by RAPD-PCR
dina shahrampour morteza khomeiri mahbobeh kashiri seyed mohhamad ali RazaviThe aim of this study was to evaluate the intra-species diversity of 10 strains of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from different foods including fermented olives, jar cheese, camel milk and sourdough using RAPD-PCR method also to compare their probiotic potential. The MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the intra-species diversity of 10 strains of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from different foods including fermented olives, jar cheese, camel milk and sourdough using RAPD-PCR method also to compare their probiotic potential. The results showed that different banding patterns were created by three types of primers for different strains and according to the similarity matrix drawn by NTSYS software based on Jacard coefficient, a total of 10 strains were divided into two main branches and seven subgroups. The two strains of KAO 17 and KAO 64 isolated from fermented olives were most similar. In addition, the probiotic properties of L. plantarum isolates were evaluated different at strain levels. The results of immunoassay showed that all different strains of L. plantarum were gamma-hemolytic and resistant to vancomycin and their resistance to other common antibiotics was different. Strains isolated from jar cheese containing KMC 37 and KMC 45 had the highest acid resistance. On the other hand, resistance to 0.3% of bile salt showed that there was no significant difference in this regard between the strains isolated from fermented olives and the KMM 5 strain had the highest resistance. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of the strains against gram-positive pathogenic bacteria L. monocytogenes and gram-negative E. coli was different and the highest antibacterial activity belonged to the KMC 45 strain. Therefore, according to the intended purpose, each of the L. plantarum strains can be suggested as a probiotic culture in the food or pharmaceutical Industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Studying the Relationship between Environmental Factors, Runoff Characteristics and Infiltration Depth Using Rainfall Simulator in Northwestern Rangelands of Iran
Sedigheh Mohamadi -
Open Access Article
18 - Effects of Plant Diversity and Soil Properties on Above Ground Biomass in Altitudinal Gradient: A Case Study from Grassland of Mustang District, Nepal
Sumit Rauniyar Rajeev Joshi Dhruba Bijaya G.C. Jyoti Bhandari Dinesh Bhandari -
Open Access Article
19 - Relationships between Species Diversity and Biomass in Mountainous Habitats in Zagros Rangeland (Case Study: Baneh, Kurdistan, Iran)
Bakhtiar Fattahi Mohammad Ali Zare chahouki Mohammad Jafari Hossein Azarnivand Pejman Tahmasebi -
Open Access Article
20 - Use of Medicinal Species as an Ecological Indicator for Interpreting Changes in Rangeland Status (Case Study: Javaherdeh Rangelands of Ramsar)
Tina Salarian Hossein Arzani Mohammad Hasan Jouri Mohammad Jafari -
Open Access Article
21 - Prioritizing Impact of Economic, Social and Ecological Factors on Sustainable Range Management (Case study: Semi-Arid Rangelands of Kerman Province, Iran)
Najmeh Faryabi Hossein Arzani Seyed akbar Javadi Mohammad Jafary Mehdi Farahpour -
Open Access Article
22 - Legume-Grass Ratio and some Soil Properties in Four Vegetation Types in Steppe Rangelands of Iran (Case study: Peshert Rangelands in Chahardangeh Sari, Iran)
Nahid Jabbari Ghasem Ali Dianati Tilaki Hassan Ghelichnia -
Open Access Article
23 - The Effect of Altitude and Aspect on Rangeland Plant Diversity (Case Study: Dashte Zahab, Kermanshah, Iran)
Ali Mahdavi Javad Eshaghi Rad Mojtaba Jamshidifard -
Open Access Article
24 - Estimation of weed seed bank storage of Bandar-Gaz Citrus orchards and prepare distribution maps using Geographic Information System (GIS)
Asieh Siahmargue Hossein Kazemi زهره امدادیIn order to estimate the density of weed seeds in soil seedbank of citrus orchards of Bandar-Gaz township and providing the distribution map of them, 95 orchards were selected and soil seedbank of them were determind at two depths (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) in 2014. Seed of MoreIn order to estimate the density of weed seeds in soil seedbank of citrus orchards of Bandar-Gaz township and providing the distribution map of them, 95 orchards were selected and soil seedbank of them were determind at two depths (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) in 2014. Seed of 25 weed species belonging to 17 families were observed in Citrus orchards. Poaceae with 5 species, Solanaceae, Polygonaceae and Euphorbiaceae families, each one with 2 species were important families that contributed in the seedbank of citrus orchards. Amaranthus spp., Solanum nigrum, Physalis alkekengi, Stellaria media and Portulaca oleracea were important species that observed in the soil seedbank of citrus orchards. Seed density of Amaranthus spp., Solanum nigrum, Physalis alkekengi, Stellaria media and Portulaca oleracea were 20 to16310, 0 to 670, 0 to 650, 0 to 5280 and 0 to 18470 seeds per kg of soil, respectively. Survey the maps of the distribution of these species showed that the above species have expanded in the orchards of the city from East to West. Results showed that seed densities of the broadleaf and annual species were higher than the grasses and perennial species. Frequency of the broadleaf and the annual species were priority on the grasses and perennial species. Shanon index at depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm were 0-0.8 and 0-0.74 respectively. Results indicated that species diversity was low in citrus orchards. Based on these resultes, citrus orchards in Bandar-e-gaz township were infested only a few weed species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The survey of spices diversity of migratory wintering waterfowl and waders in Mond protected area in Bushehr province
امید طبیعیMond protected area with an area of 52289 hectares is located in 180 Kmandrsquo;s of southeast of Bushehr city, Bushehr province, in south of Iran. Its geographical positions are 51anddeg; 15andacute; to 51anddeg; 35andacute; E and 27anddeg; 15andacute; to 28anddeg; 45a MoreMond protected area with an area of 52289 hectares is located in 180 Kmandrsquo;s of southeast of Bushehr city, Bushehr province, in south of Iran. Its geographical positions are 51anddeg; 15andacute; to 51anddeg; 35andacute; E and 27anddeg; 15andacute; to 28anddeg; 45andacute; N. This paper presents data from a ten-year (2002-2011) monitoring of migratory wintering waterfowl and waderand#39;s fauna population and species diversity in Mond protected area. During a 10 periods from 2002 to 2011, a total of 59397 wetland birds composed of 73 species from 6 orders and 15 families of the birdandrsquo;s fauna of Iran were observed during the course of this study. The most common species counted was the Great Cormorant(Phalacrocorax carbo) with a total of 18902 individuals. The results indicated that among families of migratory wintering waterfowl and waders in Mond protected area the largest family was Phalacrocoracidaewith 31.82 percent abundance and the lowest was Podicipedidae with 0.03 percent. In these periods of studying, year of 2007 with 19858 individuals has the highest population numbers and year of 2008 with 194 individuals has the lowest. The highest and lowest species richness recording in years of 2009 and 2008 with 47 and 15 species respectively. The results showed that in this period waderand#39;s fauna with 64.2 percent and waterfowl fauna with 35.8 percent respectively has the highest and lowest abundances. According to the results of species diversity and evenness the year of 2009 has the highest biodiversity of migratory wintering waterfowl and waderand#39;s fauna in Mond protected area and year of 2011 has the lowest biodiversity (P andlt; 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Study of Species Diversity of Migratory Wintering Waterfowl and Waders in Boushehr Site
امید طبیعی رکسانا شریفیThis research presents data from a ten-year (2002-2011) monitoring of migratory wintering waterfowl and wader's fauna species diversity in Boushehr site (wetland habitats of Boushehr beaches). The results showed that during a 10 periods from 2002 to 2011, a total of 113 MoreThis research presents data from a ten-year (2002-2011) monitoring of migratory wintering waterfowl and wader's fauna species diversity in Boushehr site (wetland habitats of Boushehr beaches). The results showed that during a 10 periods from 2002 to 2011, a total of 113606 wintering birds composed of 78 species from15 families and 6 orders of the bird’s fauna of Iran were observed in the Boushehr site. The most common species counted was the Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus) with a total of 57087 individuals. The results indicated that among families of migratory wintering waterfowl and waders in Boushehr site the largest family was Laridae with 59.96 percent abundance and the lowest was Pelecanidae with 0.02 percent. In these periods of studying, year of 2007 with 28043 individuals has the highest population numbers and year of 2008 with 1112 individuals has the lowest. The highest and lowest species richness recording in years of 2011 and 2008 with 56 and 23 species respectively. The results showed that in this period wader's fauna with 88.30 percent and waterfowl fauna with 11.70 percent respectively has the highest and lowest abundances. According to the results of species diversity and evenness the year of 2011 has the highest biodiversity of migratory wintering waterfowl and wader's fauna in Boushehr site and year of 2006 has the lowest biodiversity (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The Survey of Spices Diversity of Migratory Wintering Waterfowl and Waders in Arjan International Wetland in Fars Province
امید طبیعی محبوبه نصیریThis paper presents data from a fifteen-year (1998-2012) monitoring of migratory wintering waterfowl and waderand#39;s fauna species diversity in Arjan International Wetland. During a 15 periods from 1998 to 2012, a total of 309674 wetland birds composed of 71 species f MoreThis paper presents data from a fifteen-year (1998-2012) monitoring of migratory wintering waterfowl and waderand#39;s fauna species diversity in Arjan International Wetland. During a 15 periods from 1998 to 2012, a total of 309674 wetland birds composed of 71 species from16 families and 6 orders of the birdandrsquo;s fauna of Iran were observed during the course of this study. The most common species counted was the common teal (Anas crecca) with a total of 51248 individuals. The results indicated that among families of migratory wintering waterfowl and waders in Arjan international wetland the largest family was Anatidae with 80.496 percent abundance and the lowest was Ciconidae with 0.018 percent. In these periods of studying, year of 1999 with 77580 individuals has the highest population numbers and year of 2011 with 1002 individuals has the lowest. The highest and lowest species richness was recorded in years of 2004 and 2011 with 38 and 6 species, respectively. The results show that waterfowl fauna with 81.03 percent and waderand#39;s fauna with 18.97 percent has the highest and lowest abundances in this period, respectively. According to the results of species diversity and evenness the year of 2004 has the highest biodiversity of migratory wintering waterfowl and waderand#39;s fauna in Arjan International Wetland and the year of 2010 has the lowest biodiversity (P andlt; 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The Study of Fishes Fauna of the Aharchay River in Eastern Azerbaijan Province
سید مهدی بانان خجسته محمدرضا سیف ریحانی محمدرضا رحیمی بشرThe present study was conducted to determine fish species diversity in Aharchay River and Sattarkhan barrier (East Azerbaijan province) during autumn to summer, 2007-2008. Twelve sampling places were choosen. Samples were fixed in 10 % formalin solution and transported MoreThe present study was conducted to determine fish species diversity in Aharchay River and Sattarkhan barrier (East Azerbaijan province) during autumn to summer, 2007-2008. Twelve sampling places were choosen. Samples were fixed in 10 % formalin solution and transported to laboratory for biometrical analyses. Total frequencies of species during each season were as follow: autumn 31.7 %, winter 19.6 %, spring 20.5 %, and summer 28.2 %. Eight species were identified that belonged to 3 families including: Cyprinidae (with 6 species), Cobitidae (1 species) and Percidae (1 species), and their relative frequencies were 78.1 %, 21.5% and 0.4 %, respectively. It was found that the Capoeta capoeta, was the predominant species of Aharchay river with relative frequency of 33.2 %. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Species diversity of ants in steppe and desert regions of Damghan
ویدا حجتی امید پاک نیا حاجی قلی کمی محمدصفا گل محمدیAnts have strong impacts on ecosystems especially in arid regions. However there is poor knowledge about ants of the steppes and deserts of Iran. In this study we provide a small scale study of antsandrsquo; communities of steppe and desert regions of Damghan. We collec MoreAnts have strong impacts on ecosystems especially in arid regions. However there is poor knowledge about ants of the steppes and deserts of Iran. In this study we provide a small scale study of antsandrsquo; communities of steppe and desert regions of Damghan. We collected 698 ants by pitfall traps at two sites, steppe and desert during spring 2006. In total we identified 23 species of ants from 12 genera of three subfamilies. We collected 14 species from steppe region and 12 species from desert region. Observed species diversity, estimated species diversity, alpha index and Shannon index of diversity was higher in steppe but Simpson index of diversity was higher in desert region than steppe region. As rainfall and productivity are higher in steppe region than desert region, they could be main reasons of high species diversity, alpha and Shannon indices in steppe region. Simpson index was higher in desert region because in desert there were more species with high abundance. Cataglyphis nodus was the most common species in steppe region and Monomorium kusenzovi was the most common species in desert region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Study of Species Diversity of Migratory Wintering Waterfowl and Waders in Maharlu Wetland in Fars Province
امید طبیعی محسن جعفری نژاد بسطامی لیلا جولاییThis research presents data from a ten-year (2002-2011) monitoring of migratory wintering waterfowl and wader's fauna species diversity in Maharlu wetland. The results showed that during a 10 periods from 2002 to 2011, a total of 290554 wintering birds composed of 65 sp MoreThis research presents data from a ten-year (2002-2011) monitoring of migratory wintering waterfowl and wader's fauna species diversity in Maharlu wetland. The results showed that during a 10 periods from 2002 to 2011, a total of 290554 wintering birds composed of 65 species from14 families and 6 orders of the bird’s fauna of Iran were observed in the Maharlu wetland. The most common species counted was the Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) with a total of 50355 individuals. The results indicated that among families of migratory wintering waterfowl and waders in Maharlu wetland the largest family was Anatidae with 51.638 percent abundance and the lowest was Glareolidae with 0.001 percent. In these periods of studying, year of 2004 with 56162 individuals has the highest population numbers and year of 2008 with 8866 individuals has the lowest. The highest and lowest species richness recording in years of 2003 and 2010 with 37 and 14 species respectively. The results showed that in this period waterfowl fauna with 51.76 percent and wader's fauna with 48.24 percent respectively has the highest and lowest abundances. According to the results of species diversity and evenness the year of 2004 has the highest biodiversity of migratory wintering waterfowl and wader's fauna in Maharlu wetland and year of 2010 has the lowest biodiversity (P Manuscript profile
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