Solar radiation

Open Access Article

1 - A Comparative Study of Determining the Rate of Receiving Solar Radiation on the Northern Facade of Qajar Period Schools in Shiraz (By the Law of Cosines and Solar Diagram Methods)
Hamed Ayali

This research explores the principles of Iranian architecture, specifically how it adapts to climatic conditions and maximizes solar energy intake beyond traditional sustainability principles. The focus is on studying the central courtyard of Qajar period schools in Shi More

This research explores the principles of Iranian architecture, specifically how it adapts to climatic conditions and maximizes solar energy intake beyond traditional sustainability principles. The focus is on studying the central courtyard of Qajar period schools in Shiraz and its relationship to solar radiation and shadow effects. The research aims to answer how solar radiation intake has influenced the orientation of these schools. The methodology involves evaluating case studies, conducting library research, and making field observations. Registered Qajar period schools are studied, critiqued, and analyzed using analytical, deductive, and classification approaches. The findings indicate that the most suitable orientation for Qajar period schools in Shiraz, in terms of solar radiation intake, is a 25-degree rotation relative to the north, specifically in the northern facade of the central courtyard. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Examining the Effect of Geometric index of Street (Orientation, H/W) on Solar Radiation Absorption of Urban Housings in Cold Climate Hamedan
Hojjat Ghiasvand

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2022.60872.12021

This study examines the effect of geometrical indices of a street (Orientation and H/W) on the buildings` direct solar access on an urban scale, which its results can be used by urban planners in designing new neighbourhoods and redeveloping old ones in developing citie More

This study examines the effect of geometrical indices of a street (Orientation and H/W) on the buildings` direct solar access on an urban scale, which its results can be used by urban planners in designing new neighbourhoods and redeveloping old ones in developing cities. In cold climates, the access of buildings to sunlight due to the street geometry index is necessary to reduce the heating load and affects the thermal performance of buildings. This index (height to width ratio (H/W) and orientation) directly affects the absorption and emission of urban sunlight and changes in them can affect the amount of solar radiation absorption of the building.This study aims to investigate the amount of the buildings` solar has gained in the cold climate of Hamedan. The research method is quantitative and based on numerical data of simulating solar radiation and the geometry of the urban texture of Hamedan. Data analysis was conducted by statistical analysis of box diagram, correlation coefficient, and reference model. First, to examine the effect of street width index, fixed height, and variable street width (6 to 36 meters) and then to examine the height index, fixed street width and variable height (3 to 9 floors) were considered in the modelling. The findings reveal that east-west oriented buildings have the highest solar gain of 17.9% in the winter, and nearly 60% of the streets in the new urban texture of Hamedan are placed in the non-optimal orientation.The average solar gain in northern blocks is more than in southern blocks and streets; with a lower H/W index this gain increases indicating a reverse and intensive correlation. Index H/W compared to orientation has the greatest effect on a solar gain on the building located alongside streets.  In shallow geometrical valleys, the temperature from radiation is higher than in deep valleys and as the H/W index rises, i.e., as the street becomes narrower, the direct solar gain decreases. In southern blocks, due to a deep valley in the yard, most of the south façade of a building in the winter is always in the shade of building volumes and absorbs little solar radiation. In this state, the greatest amount of absorption is reflective and scattered. Therefore, increasing the depth of the yard in these blocks to absorb more sunlight was studied in our recommended pattern. From the measured indices in this study, the H/W index has the greatest impact on solar gain for buildings located alongside streets. This index has a 123% higher influence compared to the orientation index on absorbing radiation and is of more importance. In Hamedan, regarding the H/W index, a twelve-meter street has the least absorption, thirty-five-meter, and seventy-five-meter streets have the most absorption in the winter. In our recommended patter, increasing the depth of the yard and using vertical shades for windows leads to a 2.7% and 25.8% rise in solar gain for northern and southern blocks, respectively. This pattern reduces 11.7% and 4.94% of absorption for the mentioned blocks in the summer. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Performance of Building Energy Efficiency by Orientation with Regression: a Case of Semi Desert in Iran
Zahra Barzegar Shahin Heidari Morteza Asade Khalaji

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Open Access Article

4 - Evaluating M5 model tree and two empirical models based on air temperature to estimate solar radiation, using LST in a semi-arid climate
Saeed Emamifar Ali Akbar Noroozi Sadjjad Seyedi Hosseini Azin Karimzad Anzabi

Solar radiation is one of the input parameters needed for simulation of processes associated with climate changes, hydrology and ecology. Proposed models to estimate this parameter because using the weather data from a spatial point, would also provide point estimations More

Solar radiation is one of the input parameters needed for simulation of processes associated with climate changes, hydrology and ecology. Proposed models to estimate this parameter because using the weather data from a spatial point, would also provide point estimations. In this study, two experimental models including Hargreaves - Samani and Mahmood - Hubbard that are based on air temperature data, with the input data of daily LST products MOD11A1 and MYD11A1 MODIS instead of air temperature, were used to estimate the solar radiation. The real data were obtained from Ahwaz synoptic station for 2006 and 2007. Validation results indicated that Hargreaves - Samani input MOD11A1 LST product and the model of Mahmood - Hubbard MYD11A1 products with input LST (Land Surface Temperature) have the larger and lowest accuracies in estimating solar radiation. Validation results were further indicated that Hargreaves - Samani input MOD11A1 LST product and the Mahmood - Hubbard input MYD11A1 LST product, respectively, have maximum and minimum accuracy in estimating solar radiation. For these models, R2 and RMSE statistics were, respectively 0.83, 2.46 (mj m-2 d-1), 0.79 and 4.09 (mj m-2 d-1). The Hargreaves -Samani model by using M5 model tree models (RS-M5-1 and RS-M5-2) based on LST data of MOD11A1 MODIS products geographic variables were formulated and the outcomes were compared with results of experimental models. The results showed that compares Tree Model RS-M5-1 and experimental models with the same input, The M5 tree model has higher accuracy. In general, tree model RS-M5-2 with LST products MOD11A1 inputs, can estimate the maximum and actual sundial and extraterrestrial radiation more accurate than other models. For this model, the values of R2 and NSE were estimated to be 0.87 and 0.86, respectively. The root mean square error for this was 10.24 percent.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Calculation of Optimized Slop of Flat Solar Collectors and Comparing of Their Application at Each Month of the Year in Kerman
ahmad jamee Hasan Zolfagharzadeh Pooria Akbarzadeh

10.30495/jest.2020.11198

Background and Objective: Today energy crisis and inherent environmental pollution caused by increasing consumption of non-renewable resources are one of the most major concerns of many countries including Iran and using of them is one of the most important factors to E More

Background and Objective: Today energy crisis and inherent environmental pollution caused by increasing consumption of non-renewable resources are one of the most major concerns of many countries including Iran and using of them is one of the most important factors to Earth demolition and climatic changes. Thus, numerous developed and enlarged countries try to extend the application and use of renewable energy resources. In this regard, the solar energy is one of the most important renewable and sustainable energy sources in the world and it mainly can be enumerated as the second largest energy sources in Iran after wind energy. This energy can be exploited in several methods such as flat collectors as one of the simplest and most usable systems that can be used in the buildings and solar chimney power plant. Due to daily and seasonal variations of the sun radiation, the optimal tilt estimation of collectors with maximum efficiency is very important.Method: This paper is based on a mathematical pattern and climatic data and the optimized tilt of flat collectors in city of Kerman is investigated. Then, by comparing and analyzing results of charts and tables, optimized tilt of flat collector at each month, season and annual are extracted and contrasted. Additionally, the percent of received radiation of each angle of plates in comparison to the optimized Angele are discussed.Findings: In the conclusion section, the optimal angle tilt of collector over the year including spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons besides the optimal angle building heating systems and outdoor swimming pools heating systems are also presented. Finally, efficiency of vertical and horizontal collectors has been investigated with respect to maximizing the efficiency of optimal tilt of collector over the year. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Ozone Concentration and Meteorological Parameters Alternations Investigation in Air Quality Control Company to Aqdasieh Station in 7 Months (from Oct. 2007 to Apr. 2008) in Tehran
Mansour Ghiasodin Leila Sourati

In this research measuring ozone concentration in air quality control Company at Aqdasieh station,and meteorological parameters at Resalat station, was compared and investigated. This investigationwas performed for 7 months (from Oct. 2007 to Apr. 2008). The average dai More

In this research measuring ozone concentration in air quality control Company at Aqdasieh station,and meteorological parameters at Resalat station, was compared and investigated. This investigationwas performed for 7 months (from Oct. 2007 to Apr. 2008). The average daily Ozone concentrationshowed the least quantity of Ozone in early morning and late night air. Comparing the sunshineradiation with variation of Ozone concentration indicated that these two items have direct relations.Increasing the sunshine radiation concludes the increasing of photochemical activity and consequentlyincreasing the Ozone concentration. Investigating the monthly average Ozone concentration showedthat the least registered amount of Ozone was during these 7 months of measurement in Azar(November) and the most registered amount of Ozone occurred in Farvardin (April). The mostimportant factor of main increasing happened in April and in the solar radiation and photochemicalactivities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Heat Budget in Uremieh Lake
Hesameddin Mehrfar Masoud Torabi Azad Amin Raeesi Abdolreza Sabet Ahd Jahromi Balal Partovi

The subject of heat budget has always been one of the most important causes of physical studying of the oceans, the seas and the lakes. The purpose of this article is to determine the variation of each effective parameter in the heat balance of Uremieh lake. Heat balanc More

The subject of heat budget has always been one of the most important causes of physical studying of the oceans, the seas and the lakes. The purpose of this article is to determine the variation of each effective parameter in the heat balance of Uremieh lake. Heat balance can play an important role in the physics, meteorology and water movement of Uremieh lake. in this article, each heat budget term equation, by means of empirical relations and satellite measured information such as (water and weather temperature, cloud cover, wind speed, relative humidity, and the pressure of solar radiation of filled steam) has calculated and its measures (Qsw=8183.42 & QLw=-2651.47 & QS = 360.57 & QL = 5173.9 W/m2) is obtained later the effective of this atmosphere parameter on heat budget terms is analyzed and discussed. finally, the measurements obtained are compared with medium worldwide and concluded that the heat exchange among the sea, atmosphere, wind, basin volume, etc. can create processes in the lake and help to heat transmission. Its measure equals (QV = -86.05 W/m2) By obtaining these heat measurments we see that there is a good balance between the lake heat budget terms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Calibration of earth surface received radiation in north east of Iran
mahnaz rostamian Amir Hossein Halabian

Abstract The solar radiation reached the earth surface (RS) has wide applications in many areas of agriculture engineering, irrigation and hydrology and that’s why various methods have been represented for its estimation, which Angstrom – Prescott equation More

Abstract The solar radiation reached the earth surface (RS) has wide applications in many areas of agriculture engineering, irrigation and hydrology and that’s why various methods have been represented for its estimation, which Angstrom – Prescott equation is one of the most important equation in this field. This equation has experimental coefficients that are different for any situation. Because of the importance of Rs, various methods have developed for its estimation. The radiation reached to earth surface is evaluated by using average daily sunny hours data of synoptic affiliated to the general state metrological office in the north of Khorasan, Khorasan Razavi and southern Khorasan 1988- 2016. The Angstrom – prescient method has been used for estimating solar radiation of earth surface in the studied area. In this research, the a & b coefficients were calculated by using Ferrer's method fastly and then have been placed in Angstrom equation. Finally, the radiation equivalent map of the studied area has been drawn and analyzed by using kriging interpolation model. The research outcome indicated that southern, south-east regions and at the next level, the center of the studied area especially Nehbndan station have more potential for receiving solar radiation. The minimum monthly received radiation of area during January and December month in the north and northwest of this region, which are 7.98 and 7.36 megajoules per square meter respectively. The maximum received radiation of area occurs in July about 30.24 megajoules. South and south-east regions up to the center of the of the area Nehbandan station have more potential for receiving in terms of radiation during summer & spring seasons respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Estimation of the instantaneous short wavelength solar radiation using satellite images of MODIS (Case study: Central regions of Iran)
Esmaeil Tazik Abdol Ali Rezaei Ali Abkar Seyed Kazem Alavipanah Zahra Jahantab Alireza Rahmati

Using renewable energy, particularly solar radiation is considered today as one of the most important energy sources. Therefore the study of solar energy is very important. Although the sun is a great source of energy, but the energy output at ground level does not act More

Using renewable energy, particularly solar radiation is considered today as one of the most important energy sources. Therefore the study of solar energy is very important. Although the sun is a great source of energy, but the energy output at ground level does not act alike, so that the amount of solar radiation in different parts of the world is changing and it is high in low latitudes. Thus, identifying appropriate locations for implementation of solar energy is necessary. The best and most accurate way to measure this parameter is using devices that measure radiation in stations, but because of natural, economic conditions and other conditions we cannot use them On the other hand, these devices have a limited radius of point measurements. So, in recent years using satellite images these problems have been resolved partially. Therefore, in this study using satellite images of MODIS sensor and narrow band to broadband albedo conversion method, the instantaneous short-wave solar radiation in the central Iranian province of Qom, Isfahan, Tehran and Semnan was estimated. To analyze the results of the coefficient of determination (R2) root mean square error (RMSe) and the mean average error (MAE) was used. Consequently the rate of RMSE was about 42 watts per square meter and MAE rate was about 40.75 watts per square meter indicating the high accuracy of the method used to estimate radiation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Investigation of the application of nanotechnology to increase the direct absorption of solar radiation
mojtaba jamiati

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of solar nanofluids (liquid with dispersed nanoparticles) for direct absorption of solar radiation and steam production. At present, solar thermal energy systems suffer great losses due to heat transfer processes, t More

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of solar nanofluids (liquid with dispersed nanoparticles) for direct absorption of solar radiation and steam production. At present, solar thermal energy systems suffer great losses due to heat transfer processes, therefore, the development of nanotechnology and its achievements such as various nanoparticles, has created high hopes to increase the efficiency of solar collectors through direct absorption of sunlight. In order to make optimal use of solar nanofluid systems, it is necessary to identify and study them. In this research, four different nanofluids have been synthesized, identified and evaluated. Two of them were water-based nanofluids and the other two were thermal oil-based nanofluids. Also, the optical properties of nanofluids were measured at room temperature with a spectrophotometer and compared with the base fluid. The optical properties, in addition to being measured at room temperature, have also been evaluated after heat treatment on nanofluids at high temperatures. This temperature increase is intended to recreate operating conditions for those closer to the actual applications. DLS measurements show a similar hydrodynamic average of 138 nm for the sample containing SDS and 135 nm for the sample containing SDS and PVP. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Designing and development of a solar radiation system for atmospheric correction of satellite images
حسن حسنی مقدم Omid Coupanian Abbas Bashri Hamid Reza Khodadadi

Applying atmospheric corrections in order to reduce the attenuation effects of the atmosphere on the quality and accuracy of the recorded data, requires a comprehensive knowledge of the conditions, characteristics, and behavior of the atmosphere as the sensor passes thr More

Applying atmospheric corrections in order to reduce the attenuation effects of the atmosphere on the quality and accuracy of the recorded data, requires a comprehensive knowledge of the conditions, characteristics, and behavior of the atmosphere as the sensor passes through the target coordinates. Nowadays, many equipment's, models and algorithms are used to study the components of the atmosphere. For this reason, in this research, a native solar radiation system was designed and built to calculate the optical depth of air aerosol. In order to simulate and investigate the effects of changes in each atmospheric component, the MODTRAN model was used in PCModWin environment. In this electro-optical system, at two wavelengths of 450 and 550 nm, due to the absorption range of the air aerosol, in two different days in terms of the amount of pollutants in the atmosphere, intense data were recorded. In order to ensure the uniformity and linearity of the response of the designed electro-optical system to measure changes in the intensity of sunlight, radiometric calibration of this system was performed. Using atmospheric models, from the recorded intensity data, the optical depth of the weather and the horizontal atmospheric metrics were calculated. In order to verify and evaluate the performance of the designed system, optical depth data obtained from MODIS (Aqua) sensor and horizontal exponential data of Mehrabad Airport meteorological station were used. The results of the accuracy evaluation showed that the calculation of the optical depth by the system designed and the MODIS sensor (Aqua) both shows a number of 0.5 in the passing hour of the satellite. The results also show a good correlation between the horizontal visibility calculated in this study and the data obtained from the reference meteorological station. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Comparsion Of Experimental, Regression Models and Artificial Neure Network in Estimating Net Radiation (Rs) In Synoptic Station of Zahedan
Parisa kahkhamoghadam mohammad mahdi chari

Solar radiation is one of the key inputs for most hydrological models in estimating reference evapotranspiration. Furthermore providing and making the measurement tools for this parameter is very costly. In this research, ridation (Rs ) of zahedan meteological station i More

Solar radiation is one of the key inputs for most hydrological models in estimating reference evapotranspiration. Furthermore providing and making the measurement tools for this parameter is very costly. In this research, ridation (Rs ) of zahedan meteological station in 1385 to 1389 were used. Some non- linear models such as neure systemwith algorithm BFGS, and neure system with conjugate Gradient training algorithms, and locallinear regression through gamma test were developed. Then , these non- linear models and two expereimental model including Angstrom - Prescott and Glory Mac Kalut were assessed for predicting radiation. For predicting none- linear method, maximum temperature parameters, average speed of wind, surface radiation, and Sunshine were used. Result of comparing measured amounts with models with measured amount by parameter show that the neure system with BFGS algorithm has RMSE= 1.95 , MAE= 1.47 and R2=93% which are the best operation in these models. After that, neure system model with conjugate Gradient training algorithms and local regression model are in secand rank in which RMSE, MAE and R2 are 2.53 , 1.77 , 88% and 2.89 , 1.89 , 82% respectively. Angstrom and MAC colt method have RNSE =  4.38 , MAE=3.21 , R2=33% and RMSE= 4.46, MAE= 3.07, R2=50% respectivety.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Investigating the Effect of Buffer Tank Type on Technical and Environmental Performance of Solar Heating Systems in Iran
Moein Mortazavi Somaye Yaghoubi Mehdi Jahangiri

10.30495/ijsee.2022.1952896.1174

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