Shiite

Open Access Article

1 - The Analysis of Sarbedaran Movement Based on Charles Tilly Collective Action Theory
Ali Bahranipour abdolah fazeli sajad kazemi Ali Lajmorak Moradi

10.30495/jhcin.2019.13926

Ahvaz, IranThe combination of history and theory is among the methods that many scholars, including historians and sociologists, have shown their interest in that. Charles Tilly is a sociologist who has used historical events to illustrate how sociological patterns work More

Ahvaz, IranThe combination of history and theory is among the methods that many scholars, including historians and sociologists, have shown their interest in that. Charles Tilly is a sociologist who has used historical events to illustrate how sociological patterns work. This article analyzes the Sarbedaran social-religious movement based on the theory of collective action by him. Thus, the concepts which are related to the collective action theory such  as interests, organization, mobilization, collective action, opportunity, threat, suppression and facilitation, were extracted from the history and described. Then, based on those concepts,  the inner elements of the Sarbedaran movement, namely the impact of economic interests, the role of the Dervishes, futuwat Organization, Shiite and the sources of effective mobilization of forces, as well as the objective factors, such as the conditions for suppression or facilitation of the confrontation between the challenging groups of the Leaders and the political community of the Ilkhans have been analysed. The method used in this article is comparative. The findings show that continuation of tax encroachment and double taxation, the role of the Sufi traditions, the Shiite, and the organization of futuwat and close connection between its social forces and the movement's organization as well as the political role of such forces are major sources of mobilization, and the disintegration of the Ilkhanates government and also the inability of their armed forces to suppress the opposition and challenger groups, are facilitating conditions for the Sarbedaran movement. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Role of Theological Controversy in Representing the Image of Ḥaḍrat Khadīdjah (pbuh)
Mojtaba Soltani Ahmadi Sarah Khatami Mostafa Gohari Fakhrabad

10.30495/jhcin.2022.20551

Although in the existing reports about Khadīdjah (pbuh), there are less conflicting narrations than other prominent personalities of the early days of Islam, but the influence of intellectual, religious and cultural, social, and political developments during the lifetim More

Although in the existing reports about Khadīdjah (pbuh), there are less conflicting narrations than other prominent personalities of the early days of Islam, but the influence of intellectual, religious and cultural, social, and political developments during the lifetime of the authors have had an effect on the representation of this character. So, a number of writers from fariqiyn have sometimes put forward different and critical views about her. This article aims to investigate those views, especially the opinions of the late Lebanese writer, Jafar Morteza Aamili, regarding Khadīdjah (pbuh). Meanwhile, the influence of Aisha's presence not only as the Prophet's wife, but also as the daughter of the first caliph after him and her high position among some factions has been noticed, the findings of this research indicate that the theological components of Shia writers and their competition with Sunnis have sometimes caused them to present wrong opinions about the age of Khadija, her previous husbands and her children. In their opinion, understating the age of Khadīdjah (pbuh) and her virginity when she married the Messenger of God (pbuh) put her in a higher position than Ayesha - who emphasized these two issues in the position of pride with the other wives of the Prophet. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The Sholars of Oriental Studies and the Immigration of ‘Amilis ‘ulama to Safavid Iran
فهیمه مخبر دزفولی

The cause and significance of the immigration of ‘Amilis ‘ulama to Iran in Safavid era is a polemical topic among the scholars of oriental studies in the last few decades. Some of them agreed with Edward Browne who believed that the paucity of shi’i so More

The cause and significance of the immigration of ‘Amilis ‘ulama to Iran in Safavid era is a polemical topic among the scholars of oriental studies in the last few decades. Some of them agreed with Edward Browne who believed that the paucity of shi’i sources and ‘ulama in Iran was the main reason for the invitation by Safavid kings. Most of the pioneer scholars such as Roger Savory, Albert Hourani and among the youngers, Rula Jurdi Abisaab supported this assumption. On the other hand, some scholars approved Andrew Newman viewpoint that diminished the importance of the immigration and maintained that the main reason for the invitation of ‘Amilis ulama by Shah Isma’il was since the Shi’i‘ulama of  Bahrain and Irak denied and underestimated this invitation and accused the Safavid kings to extremism. Meanwhile, Abissab and Newman are both the representatives of those two theories among the scholars. It seems that the differentiate is derived from the distinctive frameworks of their studies. While Newman considered the issue in a ‘Usuli-Akhbari framework,  Abissab used the same information and evidence in a Safavid-Ottoman framework. In this article, both viewpoints will be compared and assimilated.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Media judgments from Shia jurisprudential point of view
Mohammad Rasool Ahangaran seyed mohammad mahdi mohaqeq

One of the claims of scholars and religious scholars is the fullness of Islam. They are the main source of this religion based on the text of the Holy Qur'an believe that the texts of this religion, for all ages, are capable of responding to the progress of Muslims and More

One of the claims of scholars and religious scholars is the fullness of Islam. They are the main source of this religion based on the text of the Holy Qur'an believe that the texts of this religion, for all ages, are capable of responding to the progress of Muslims and non- Muslims. Of course, given the tangible changes of the ages and historical centuries, this accountability will be publicly accepted if inter pretations and perceptions are appropriate and up-to-date on the issues of justice. Undoubtedly, one of the most important and maybe even the most important issue that humanity faces today is the issue of the media. This issue and its various angles are so wide spread and perfect that it has entered in all aspects of human life, and in the smallest and most personalized aspect there is a trace of this issue. Religious scholars, in order to confront their faithful, deal with this matter, extracting the judgments appropriate to them, and explaining the religious duties of followers of their religion to them. The scholars and mujtahids of the Shiite world have given their answers to the questions of their peoples, which describes this issue and its intended answers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Analysis of the Discourse of Shiite Scholars in the Face of the Corona Crisis
Hassan Bashir javad sabouri kazaj

10.30495/mediastudies.2022.64049.1421

The spread of coronary disease is one of the most important phenomena of the 21st century , which has caused great changes and challenges in the world . In Iran Country , the spread of coronary disease has created various problems ; Like the challenge of the relationshi More

The spread of coronary disease is one of the most important phenomena of the 21st century , which has caused great changes and challenges in the world . In Iran Country , the spread of coronary disease has created various problems ; Like the challenge of the relationship between religion and science . The research aims to discover the discourse of Shiite Scholars in Iran Country on the issue of Corona . This research is based on discourse theory and qualitative method and in the form of PDAM ( Practical Discourse Analysis Method ) discourse analysis . The case study of Shiite Scholars in Iran Country are : Ayatollah Mohammad Taghi Mesbah Yazdi , Ayatollah Seyyed Ahmad Khatami , Ayatollah Seyyed Mohammad Mahdi Mirbagheri , Ayatollah Kazem Sedighi , Ayatollah Seyyed Ahmad Alam al-Huda and Ayatollah Seyyed Hashem Hosseini Bushehri . Some of the results of the research are : sickness and calamity is a divine test , God does things based on wisdom , religion guarantees the observance of hygienic principles , Corona is a civilized dimension in addition to the hygienic dimension . The discourse of these scholars has been studied and discovered independently and in detail . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The right of Shofeh over transferable property and Non-transferable property Indivisible
mohammadreza Kazemi Nafchi dawood Nasiran sayyed mohammad hadi mahdavi reza abbasian

10.30495/jijl.2021.17271

Shofeh in jurisprudence and article 808 means the right of each of the copartner in obtaining the partnership in case of exchange of exchange with his copartner for the payment of the price. Shofeh is current in immovable property that cannot be divided, and there is a More

Shofeh in jurisprudence and article 808 means the right of each of the copartner in obtaining the partnership in case of exchange of exchange with his copartner for the payment of the price. Shofeh is current in immovable property that cannot be divided, and there is a difference between jurists in movable and immovable property that cannot be divided. This research has been done in a descriptive-analytical way and seeks to answer questions such as: "What is the jurisprudential basis of the right of Shofeh in cases of movable and immovable property that cannot be divided?" and so on. Regarding the background of the research, it should be said that several research studies include: the conditions for obtaining intercession in the subject law of Iran and Imami jurisprudence from Fakhreddin Asghari, the principles Shofeh on jurisprudence in movable property from the perspective of Islamic religions from Morteza Rahimi, omparative study Shofeh in Sunni jurisprudence And the rights of Iran have been exercised by Sadegh Soltanpour, etc. But the difference between the present study and the mentioned cases in proving the right of shofeh in over transferable property and Non-transferable property Indivisible based on jurisprudential reasons, while that research, looking for proving the lack of right of shofeh in over transferable property and Non-transferable property Indivisible. The result is that obtaining Shofeh in movable and immovable, property that is indivisible in the four reasons of jurisprudence (books, traditions, consensus and reason) is fixed Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Analysis of Punishments of Child from the Perspective of Shiite Jurisprudence
Ehsan Aliakbari Babookani Reza Abaaspor Hossein Naseri

Shiite jurisprudence is not prohibited the punishment of child ingeneral. But due to certain circumstances, the ban is lifted.However, the preliminary sentence of child punishment is sanctity,only have some exceptions in specific circumstances. Exceptions ofchild punish More

Shiite jurisprudence is not prohibited the punishment of child ingeneral. But due to certain circumstances, the ban is lifted.However, the preliminary sentence of child punishment is sanctity,only have some exceptions in specific circumstances. Exceptions ofchild punishment is under tow general term including discretionarycorrection and correction. Although most of the Islamic scholars didnot separate this two general term in the corporal punishment ofchildren, it seems necessary in some cases to separate these twogroups, because the cases, the conditions and many accessories ofthis tow general term are different and the separation of this towterm haven’t any significant practical results. Moreover, sinceIslamic scholars haven’t argued within the issue, many of the termsand conditions including corporal punishment of children, thequality, level and the persons who have the right of punishment hasnot been investigated in the texts of jurisprudence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - privacy bill in terms of conformity with the Shiite jurisprudence principles
Ali Asghar Raoufi Mohammad Sadiq Jamshidi Rad Ali Reza Pourbafrani

The issue of privacy is the important provisions in Islam and jurisprudence, which has a very high reputation, the privacy of its kind, is divided into material and non-material confidentiality, and scholars have issues such as the privacy of individuals, attention and More

The issue of privacy is the important provisions in Islam and jurisprudence, which has a very high reputation, the privacy of its kind, is divided into material and non-material confidentiality, and scholars have issues such as the privacy of individuals, attention and considered in the profound jurisprudence. Therefore, the eighth Government of the Islamic Republic in 1386  revised the privacy bill and surrendered to the Islamic Consultative Assembly. This research has been attempted to discuss the privacy bill, which has several headings: physical privacy, places and houses, personal information on media activities, communication, at work, and responsibilities arising from privacy violations and the principles governing it. In this regard, the present study introduces the principle of non-velayat, اصالة, and the principle of human dignity as the principles governing the privacy Bill, as well as the prohibition of disclosure, the need to pay attention to human dignity and to abstain from tyranny as relevant privacy issues. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Management Geometry in Culture & the Shiite Civilization (Using the Right & Left Brain Hemisphere)
دکتر عماد افروغ دکتر علی نوری مطلق

This research studies the management geometry of Shiite societies and recognizesthe elements and relation & interaction process among management elements existingin the Shiite culture and civilization as a system by using the behavioral models of theRight & Left More

This research studies the management geometry of Shiite societies and recognizesthe elements and relation & interaction process among management elements existingin the Shiite culture and civilization as a system by using the behavioral models of theRight & Left Brain hemisphere. The researcher uses the mathematical model makingmethod to present the management geometry existing in the Shiite culture andcivilization and to recognize the base convergence process and moderation point ofthe system. This research is a basic research and has been done through the case-fieldmethod. An open-ended questionnaire and a closed questionnaire were used to collectthe opinions of 15 professors and prodigies teaching different fields in variousuniversities. Finally, after analyzing the information given, hypotheses were provedand a management model was presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - A comparative study of the rhetorical techniques of Arab Shia poets in the first Abbasid era with the first Persian-speaking Shia poets.
Muhaddatha Sadat Mir Hosseini Seyyed Babak Farzaneh Mahmoud Shakib

10.30495/clq.2023.1972524.2482

Shiite poetry is committed and has a mission, which has had various topics and structures in all periods. The first Abbasid era, which is the era of development and growth of Arab literature, was a fruitful era of Shia poetry and Shia poets. The Shiite poets of the firs More

Shiite poetry is committed and has a mission, which has had various topics and structures in all periods. The first Abbasid era, which is the era of development and growth of Arab literature, was a fruitful era of Shia poetry and Shia poets. The Shiite poets of the first Abbasid era tried to place their poetry in the service of spreading religious concepts and explaining the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) and defending them, and in order to achieve this goal, they tried to express their poetic gems by using artistic techniques and techniques. To expose literature in particular and in general. This research, which was carried out with a descriptive-comparative method and based on library studies, aims to compare the most important rhetorical techniques in the poetry of Seyyed Hemyari and Dick Al-Jen as representatives of the Shia poets of the first period of the Abbasid era and compare it with the techniques As the first Persian-speaking Shia poets, Kasei Marvzi revealed how the themes and titles attributed to Ahl al-Bayt (pbuh) appeared in their poetry. The results obtained from the research indicate that these poets have used imagery and techniques such as simile, metaphor, and irony to convey the themes and concepts attributed to Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH). Also, Sovare Khiyal is more prominent in the poems of Arab poets and their innovations are more than the Shiite poems of Kasei Marvzi. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Comparative Study of the Impact of Persian Religious Epics on Kurdish Hymn Book of Gholam Reza Khan Arkvazi
Akhtar Sultani Zaher Saraei Narjes Tohidi Far

The present article attempts to study the impact of Persian religious epics on Kurdish hymn book of Gholam Reza Khan Arkvazi the great Shiite Kurdish poet from Ilam from a comparative point of view. Since the Shiite Kurds make up a great part of the population of Iran a More

The present article attempts to study the impact of Persian religious epics on Kurdish hymn book of Gholam Reza Khan Arkvazi the great Shiite Kurdish poet from Ilam from a comparative point of view. Since the Shiite Kurds make up a great part of the population of Iran and they have played an important role in the formation of Shiite religion, study of their literary works and comparing them with Persian works is of great contention and it can help the national convergence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Emanation of Ashura and Hosseini revolution in Shiite poetry Formation and evolution era
Seyyed Hossein Seyyedi Houshang Ostadi

The present article expresses the historical, political, social, cultural and literal fields in the formation process of Epic poetry with a comparative look. It also surveys the reflection of religious values (province, injustice, jihad, martyrdom, propagation of human More

The present article expresses the historical, political, social, cultural and literal fields in the formation process of Epic poetry with a comparative look. It also surveys the reflection of religious values (province, injustice, jihad, martyrdom, propagation of human ideals) in Arabic and Persian literature by offering informative samples; and at the end studies the concepts, verbal and spiritual structures and their literal consequence s and values. Manuscript profile

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13 - A Comparative Study of Legitimacy of Affirmation from Shiite and Sunnite's Viewpoint
Hadi Razzaqi Harikandei Roqiyeh Sadeqi Ahangari

Imamate scholars all agree that affirmation in the Call to Prayer is forbidden and has never been part of the morning Call to Prayer, but there is disagreement among Sunni scholars as to whether affirmation in the Call to Prayer is permissible or not. Most Sunni sc More

Imamate scholars all agree that affirmation in the Call to Prayer is forbidden and has never been part of the morning Call to Prayer, but there is disagreement among Sunni scholars as to whether affirmation in the Call to Prayer is permissible or not. Most Sunni scholars consider saying this sentence in the morning Call to Prayer to be legitimate and recommended and quitting is abandoned; but some Sunni scholars such as Abu   Hanifa has emphasized its heresy. This article aims to critique and analyze the reasons for the legitimacy of affirmation by the majority of Sunnis using a descriptive-analytical method. That is to say, Bilal and Abi Mahzoor conclude that both narrations have a serious weaknesses, both in terms of authenticity and causal. Manuscript profile

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14 - A study on Imam Sajjad’s Personality in Farzadaq According to Gordon Allport's Viewpoint
Mansoureh Sadat Taleb Alhaq Fariborz Hosseinjanzadeh Mohammad Jafari

Praise is one of the poetic purposes by which poets introduce themselves and their beloved to the people to keep in memories. Farzadaq is one of the poets of the Umayyad era who has been known as a Shiite poet throughout history. He dedicated his ode in p More

Praise is one of the poetic purposes by which poets introduce themselves and their beloved to the people to keep in memories. Farzadaq is one of the poets of the Umayyad era who has been known as a Shiite poet throughout history. He dedicated his ode in praise of Imam Sajjad who was a contemporary with him and introduced Imam's character. Farzadagh's method in the mentioned ode is very close to Gordon Allport's theory in the field of psychology. Thus this paper decides to compare and contrast Farzadagh's personality style in Meymeh's ode with Gordon Allport's theory. Psychology as one of the humanities branches is subject to the relevant literature in many respects and the need for joint research between two categories is felt. In this article the author examines the ode's text of Meymeh by Farzadagh with a psychoanalytic critique approach which is known as the eulogy of Imam Sajjad in order to achieve the main purpose of the poet amongst all literary lexicons. Manuscript profile

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15 - A Study and Critique of the Narrations of Adam’s Story with the Theme of Israʼiliyyat in the Interpretive Approach of the Monhaj Al Sadeqin
Mina Shamkhi Mohammad Javad Najafi

10.30495/qsf.2021.687507

Numerous Israʼiliyyat which had entered the field of Islamic culture found their way to commentaries by the beginning of compiling commentaries era and Shiite commentaries were not immune to this phenomenon, The first question in this article is what was the method of S More

Numerous Israʼiliyyat which had entered the field of Islamic culture found their way to commentaries by the beginning of compiling commentaries era and Shiite commentaries were not immune to this phenomenon, The first question in this article is what was the method of Shiite commentators’ confrontation and its roots. It can be said that the approach of Shiite commentators to Israeli narrations has not been the same. The origins of the interpretive approach to accepting such narrations can be: one, avoiding examining the authenticity of narrations and the other avoiding semantic analysis and presenting them for definite narrative and rational reasons. The present study is a library method that has studied the mentioned issue based on Quran and hadiths with a qualitative approach and applying documentary and textual analysis methods. The Shiite commentary "Monhaj al-Sadeqin fi ilzam al-Makhlefin" was written by Mullah Fathullah Kashani and followed by commentary of Abu al-Futuh Razi, it is the best and most comprehensive Persian commentary ever written according to some scholars. In the above interpretation, the Israeli narrations are seen to be studied. Manuscript profile

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16 - Validation of the Hadiths of the Virtues of Preserving the Quran in Shia Sources
zahra chenani mina shamkhi ghasem bostani

10.30495/qsf.2022.692479

Numerous hadiths about the preservation of the Qur'an, the value and status of preservers, which have encouraging themes and motivate believers to memorize and recite the Qur'anic verses and act on it, have been found in the Shi'a narrative sources of infallible Shi'a. More

Numerous hadiths about the preservation of the Qur'an, the value and status of preservers, which have encouraging themes and motivate believers to memorize and recite the Qur'anic verses and act on it, have been found in the Shi'a narrative sources of infallible Shi'a. These narratives are collected in most narrative and commentary societies. But the authenticity of these narrations and therefore the validity of their texts are not the same, and no general verdict can be made. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method, gathering information in a library-based manner, focusing solely on Shiite sources, focusing its study on the most important hadith societies and looking briefly at the history of this science and the developments it has gone through. , Has examined this, and shows that although some of the virtues of preserving the Qur'an are correct in content or in the authenticity of their document, this is not a reason for their correctness and relies solely on the document or text for correction. A news does not mean that it is correct. Whether or not the correct document is incorporated into the correct text may either imply unacceptable meaning or disagree with texts that have stronger truth implications. There were such problems in the hadiths studied that made them inaccurate and difficult to accept. Of course, although most of the hadiths of the virtues of preserving the Qur'an were weak, the Shi'a hadiths are legally bound to do so.  Manuscript profile

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17 - A QURANIC AND NARRATIVE CRITICISM OF WAHHABIS’ IDEAS ABOUT THE CASE OF “BLESSING”
Mohammad Razavi Mahdi Momtahen

Blessing by the works of prophets and religious leaders is among the differences between Shiite and Wahhabis. People like Ibn-e-Taymyeh in the past and contemporary Wahhabis as led by their late Muhammad bin Abdulwahhab have denied the sanctification by t More

Blessing by the works of prophets and religious leaders is among the differences between Shiite and Wahhabis. People like Ibn-e-Taymyeh in the past and contemporary Wahhabis as led by their late Muhammad bin Abdulwahhab have denied the sanctification by the works of prophets and religious leaders and have had extreme beliefs as to call Shiites unbelievers and have allowed their bloodshed and infringing upon their rights concerning their properties and wives. The present article tries to bring in references from the holy Quran, history and narrations to argue against the wrong beliefs of Wahhabis. Manuscript profile

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18 - CIVIL WOMEN’S RIGHTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF JURISPRUDENCE AND LEGISLATION
Foroozan Alaie Novin Zeynab Esmaiel Pour

Citizenship rights is one of the important subjects of interest to different law schools,and ensuring that the rights of citizens possibly placed on government abuses is enjoying the special sensitivity. In some cases,the other discriminatory laws have been im More

Citizenship rights is one of the important subjects of interest to different law schools,and ensuring that the rights of citizens possibly placed on government abuses is enjoying the special sensitivity. In some cases,the other discriminatory laws have been imposed and considered by governments regarding the sex ratio of their citizen;inevitability human conscience cannot be indifferent about them. In this article,women civil rights has been studied from the perspective of constitution and international conventions and quran. However,rejecting the discrimination and establish equal rights have been granted in all of these treaty. Nevertheless,the basic from of wrongful is the concept of discrimination in this convention. From the point of convention writers equity in rights is similarity,which in the nature of these belief,it is not true. Whereas,the equality means equality and uniformity is the monotonous.Discrimination between men and women is rejected and denied in islam and islam accepts the equality. Manuscript profile

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19 - Comparative examination of Imam Reza (pfh) with the other commentaries
Seyed Mohammad Bagher Hoseini Sabri Jalilian

lmam Raze (pfh)-the 8th Irnam of Shine-in continuation of prophet Mohammed’s method in explaining of Quran-has indicated to hounerable verses of Qoran and in his commenting has used some methods for example.Qoran by Qoran.narrated.reasonable. logical andpartly sci More

lmam Raze (pfh)-the 8th Irnam of Shine-in continuation of prophet Mohammed’s method in explaining of Quran-has indicated to hounerable verses of Qoran and in his commenting has used some methods for example.Qoran by Qoran.narrated.reasonable. logical andpartly scientific methods.Irnarn Reza (pth) has not paid attention to the form of' speech for example:vocablc.logo.eloquence.etimology.and grammar. That IS contrary to other commentaries:KashafTaharsi.:lajma.c)lbayan.He has not carried traditions of Esp of Mohammad (PBUP) and the dependents contrary to Tabari.s cornmentary.also he has not collected other cornmcntaries.Iike.Asna Ashari commentary.He has pointed to the brief and useful commentary and considering the condition of his time and questions or ambiguities that were brought Lip in his presence.And in many cases he has j List indicated to interpretiv e commentaries and description of evidence.He has forborne superstitions and traditions of companions of Moharnrnad (PBUH) and the dependents.The other commentaries do not possess the points that were described in his commentary.  Manuscript profile

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20 - Analysis of Concepts Related to the Rational Proof of Messianism in Sunni and Shiite Quranic Interpretations
Mashallah Bakhshi Seyyed Adel Nader Ali Mehryar Shababi

10.30495/qsf.2021.687492

Studying the concepts of Holy Qur'an is of very importance, especially when it is accompanied by logic, reasoning and interpretation of Qur'an to Qur'an. The present article addresses important issues such as the Assigned and Messianism that are tied to the fate of huma More

Studying the concepts of Holy Qur'an is of very importance, especially when it is accompanied by logic, reasoning and interpretation of Qur'an to Qur'an. The present article addresses important issues such as the Assigned and Messianism that are tied to the fate of humanity, and there are more than 65 verses that have a completely common view to messianism emphasizing Sunni and Shiite’s interpretations. By studying the meanings of 10 Verses of Qur'an, it is quite obvious that regardless of the interpretation and narration about mentioned verses according to the meanings of the verse itself and putting it next to the general meaning of HolyQur'an, we can argue and conclude that what the commentators and interpretations of Qur'an claim which is more or less narrative or derived from narrations, achieved and applied a kind of independent semantics. The most important results of this research indicate that the messianismas necessity for Jesus’s being alive, and the necessity of the Assigned to overcome the religion of God over all religions and the unification of all religions, can be proved by the conceptual style of the relevant verses. Manuscript profile

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21 - A Study on Uprising of Zayd ibn Ali and its Effect on Spreading Shiism Process
Seyyed Hasan Ghoreishi Carbon Ali Akbar Razzaqi Seyyed Abolfazl Razavi Zahra Ghanbarimale

Undoubtedly, one of the Quran readers and interpreters of the Divine Book who has a special status among the readers and commentators of Qur'an is Zayd ibn Ali. His works show that he has written many books in this field and has been titled as "Halif Al Qur'an" (Vo More

Undoubtedly, one of the Quran readers and interpreters of the Divine Book who has a special status among the readers and commentators of Qur'an is Zayd ibn Ali. His works show that he has written many books in this field and has been titled as "Halif Al Qur'an" (Votary to Quran) and indicates his constant connection with Qur'an. He also has a famous reading that some of the scholars have collected them in an independent book. The uprising of Zayd which is originated from the Verses of Qur'an, is the first uprising against the Umayyads by the family of Imam Ali after the event of Karbala in Islamic lands. Sadat Hassani and Sadat Hosseini also revolted and protested inspired by the mentioned uprising against Umayyads and Abbasids. Therefore, the present research intends to determine the estate of Zayd Ibn Ali’s uprising by enjoying Quranic learnings initially and then express the effect of this uprising on spreading Shiism process and the method is descriptive – analytical. Manuscript profile

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22 - A Study on Sides Interpretations on 61st Verse of Repentance Surah ب
Alireza Zaki Zadeh Ranani Azadeh Ebrahimi Fakhari

Infighters called Prophet Mohammad   «أُذُنٌ»for His character assassination and to show him unstable and introduce him naïve and capricious. Almighty Lord confirms his «أُذُنٌ» adjective to defend and support him but call him with More

Infighters called Prophet Mohammad   «أُذُنٌ»for His character assassination and to show him unstable and introduce him naïve and capricious. Almighty Lord confirms his «أُذُنٌ» adjective to defend and support him but call him with a higher adjective as«أُذُنُ خَیْرٍ» . Studying commonalities and inharmoniousness of Sunnite and Shiite interpreters would aid us to avail more complete meanings of the Verses. In interpretation of 61st Verse of Repentance Surah, common ideas and thinking can be seen but two issues: one is on  «أُذُنُ خَیْرٍ» which Shiite interpreters consider it as good listener and Sunnite one interpret it as the listener of goods. The other disagreement is on the cause of revelation. Manuscript profile

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23 - The pure from the Qoranic & Imams viewpoint in the religious jurisprudence of Imam Jafar (p.f.h)
Rahman Majazi Delfard

In general. there are not many differences in the meaning and concept of blasphemy in the Qoran and tradition's term .So we can categorize different meanings of blasphemy into five groups which have been used in the traditions of the Behar-ol A11\ar and in more than fiv More

In general. there are not many differences in the meaning and concept of blasphemy in the Qoran and tradition's term .So we can categorize different meanings of blasphemy into five groups which have been used in the traditions of the Behar-ol A11\ar and in more than five thousands subjects in different forms and tenses: I.Rejecting or doubting the uniqueness of God or his attributes 2.Rejecting the general or specific prophesy 3.Rejecting the resurrection or some of its specifications 4.Rejecting Imamates of (leadership ) S.C ommiting a sin. However in this article we just mean the followers ofthc Book. the Shiite jurisprudents call blasphemy as one of the impurity including the followers of the book and dualists ..  Manuscript profile

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24 - Wilayah in Shiite Literature and Islamic Texts
Seyed hosien Mosavi Nezhad

Human society needs a management system to maintain peace and order. The religion of Islam has devised Wilayyah and Imamah (religious guardianship and leadership) for the prosperity of Muslims and proper implementation of its laws. Quran and other Islamic texts have inc More

Human society needs a management system to maintain peace and order. The religion of Islam has devised Wilayyah and Imamah (religious guardianship and leadership) for the prosperity of Muslims and proper implementation of its laws. Quran and other Islamic texts have included many facts in this regard. On the occasion of Ghadir Khom, The holy prophet of Islam, Muhammad (PBUH), settled the issue of succession so that there always exists Allah's Hojat (demonstrative reasoning) on the earth. Shiite literature has fulfilled its right by some poets displaying their artistic skills in this regard.  Manuscript profile

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25 - Methods of quoting the narrations of Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH) in the interpretation of "Al-Tabyan"
Seyed Hossein Mousavi Darreh Bidi Amir Ahmadinejad

10.30495/qsf.2021.683448

"Al-Tabyan Fi Tafsir Al-Quran", written by Sheikh Tusi, is the first comprehensive and ijtihad interpretation of the Quran in Shia. In this interpretation that a significant part of it consist narrations and interpretive sayings, quoting the narrations of the Ahl al-Bay More

"Al-Tabyan Fi Tafsir Al-Quran", written by Sheikh Tusi, is the first comprehensive and ijtihad interpretation of the Quran in Shia. In this interpretation that a significant part of it consist narrations and interpretive sayings, quoting the narrations of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) has a different method from the period before and after it. This issue becomes more important due to the position of Sheikh Tusi in Shiite hadith as the author of two books of four hadith books. Most of the narrations narrated in this commentary are not reflected in the traditional way of narrating narrations explicitly in narrations and the principle ruling quoting narrations of Ahl-Albayt in "Al-Tabyan" refers to the narration in the issue of verses and avoiding direct quoting narrations. The author has also used different methods such as referring to the subject of the narration, mentioning the key words of the narration, using words indicating Shiite narrations and unknown words. It can be said that the motivation and temporal and spatial conditions of the author (discourse space) of this commentary have played an effective role in the quantity and quality of the narrations of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) and the author has tried to write an approximate commentary. Manuscript profile

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26 - Controversy over the succession of Shiite resistance discourses and Takfiri discourse on traditional West Asian security
morteza shirody ahmadraza shhali karam jamshidifard

10.22034/sej.2019.670176

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the nature of the competing discourse of Resistance (Shiite) discourse in contrast to the Salafist and Brotherhood discourses in the West Asian Strategic Area and within the analytical framework of the Copenhagen School. More

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the nature of the competing discourse of Resistance (Shiite) discourse in contrast to the Salafist and Brotherhood discourses in the West Asian Strategic Area and within the analytical framework of the Copenhagen School. The research method is descriptive-analytical and is based on the hypothesis that following the transformation of recent years, the discourse of Shiite resistance against the Salafist and Brotherhood discourse has managed to bring the Islamic countries present in the West Asian strategic domain into form, method, slogan and also under the objective, to make an impact. The results show that the West Asian strategic area has serious political geopolitics for the proxy-Shiite discourse of the Shiite resistance and the Takfiri (Salafi-Brotherhood) discourse, and the Copenhagen school is able to analyze the dispute well. Manuscript profile

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27 - The Role of Ayatollah Sayyed Mohammad Kazim Tabatabayi Yazdi in Islamic Awakening Movement during the Era of Constitutionalism
Abbas  Emaadi Masood Poorfard

The Islamic Awakening Movement, which has stirred up uprisings among the Islamic nations to regain their lost prestige and glory, is a sign of rising and&n More

The Islamic Awakening Movement, which has stirred up uprisings among the Islamic nations to regain their lost prestige and glory, is a sign of rising and awareness in the Islamic nation, whose most important features are Muslims’ self‐awareness of their own power, return to the  Quran  and  religious  teachings  as  well  as  reliance  on  the  rich Islamic  culture.  The  awakening  is  indebted  to  religious  scholars’ awakening  efforts,  in  which  Shiite  clergymen  have  played  a  very significant role.  One of the leading figures in advancing the movement was Ayatollah Sayyed  Mohammad  Kazim  Tabatabayi  Yazdi,  who  made  a  lot  of endeavors on the way of fighting the dominance of foreign powers and  preserving  the  independence  of  Islamic  territories  during  his precious  lifetime. His  awakening  actions can  be  investigated  from four angles, i.e., fighting the colonialist Russian and British powers, farsightedness  and  awakening  in  the  case  of  the  Constitutional Movement and fighting the economic domination of the West, and the important part in awakening Muslims by this leading jurisprudent can be explicated.   Manuscript profile

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28 - Fozuli of tenth century poets
barat zanjani

JSDHKLSA

JSDHKLSA Manuscript profile

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29 - Contradictions in The Personality of De'bel Khazaee
Yahya Maruf

There are few  Shiite poets or authors who have defended the holy prophet(PBUH& HP) and his household and have not been under various accusations. This paper examines the contradictory views of historians in introducing Shiite   poets, among which De' More

There are few  Shiite poets or authors who have defended the holy prophet(PBUH& HP) and his household and have not been under various accusations. This paper examines the contradictory views of historians in introducing Shiite   poets, among which De'bel Kazaee (martyred 246 lunar) is selected. The paper tries to answer  the following questions: Considering all these contradictions can one rely on the historians' views in introducing De'bel Khazaee's personality? Are they possibly prejudiced? Are there any statements which reject their views? This paper questions historians' accusations upon De'bel which is in turn answered based on the same charges. The aim is to reveal hidden aspects of charges and compare and contrast historians'  views to leave the judgment to the  just reader him/herself  so that s/he can attain a reasonable conclusion. The assumptions are as follows: 1.These historians' views are due to their enmity to Shiite. 2. To detach people from Shiite  religion there were forced to invent accusations. 3. These charges are ordered by tyrannical rulers. Manuscript profile

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30 - Mowlana and Shiite in Shams' Lyrics
Tooraj Aghdayee Nazli Aghdayee

The purpose of the paper is to show to what extent Mowlana was interested in some elements of Shiite. Though in spite of what some Shiite Muslims he cannot be considered as a Shiite. The evidences found in Shams' lyrics and his works states that such a mystic poet lov More

The purpose of the paper is to show to what extent Mowlana was interested in some elements of Shiite. Though in spite of what some Shiite Muslims he cannot be considered as a Shiite. The evidences found in Shams' lyrics and his works states that such a mystic poet loves Ali not as the fourth Imam of Muslims, rather, by far because of his traits and his perfectness. Accordingly, he symbolically, sometimes as a reality, points out to whatever associates with him. Other than that, Mowlana have paid attention to Imam Hossein and Karbala and martyrdom in some of his lyrics. Another point dealt with in this paper is the kind of impression Mowlana gains out of such ritual cases because one can find out in many of his hints that rather than a conscious and historical way he views the matters with an unconscious and mythical approach. Manuscript profile

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31 - Sohrevardi and his Proceeding Intellects
محمّد بقائی ماکان

Comparative studies to identify minds and thinking bases are of prime position. Sohrevardi s beliefs emerges in the comparison. One of the achievements of Illumination philosophy is that it depicts lost identities and refrains from self-arousal. Out of those scholars de More

Comparative studies to identify minds and thinking bases are of prime position. Sohrevardi s beliefs emerges in the comparison. One of the achievements of Illumination philosophy is that it depicts lost identities and refrains from self-arousal. Out of those scholars devoted to Illumination Sheikh are Qotboddin Shirazi, Jalaleddin Davani, Mirdamad Asterabadi, followers of Azar Kyevan, Haj Molla Hadi Sabzevari, and others whose works if studied make the reader get closer to Sohrevardis beliefs. The same is true with comparing Sohrevardi with Hege. Niche, and other Western philosophers, showing the existing the existing similarities available. Just like the book titled Journey to East by Herman Hesse that is of great simillarity with Secret Treatises of Illumination Sheikh. Manuscript profile

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32 - Recognition of the Effect of Mystical (Shiite) Thought on the Emergence of the Centrifugal Model of the Persian Garden Reference in the Architecture of Iranian Gardens
hosein moradinasab

10.2234/erfan.2023.708536

There is a cosmological thinking in the imagination of Iranians in the form of an image that divides the space into four parts by four rivers with vertical axes, which is called the reference model of the Persian garden. Algebraic geometry was considered as a kind of re More

There is a cosmological thinking in the imagination of Iranians in the form of an image that divides the space into four parts by four rivers with vertical axes, which is called the reference model of the Persian garden. Algebraic geometry was considered as a kind of regular formation of nature, while these geometries were especially responsive to mystical and sacred structures. Since mystical language is the language of simile and allegory in Islamic art, especially during the Safavid period, the purpose of this study is to recognize the influence of mystical-Shiite thought on the emergence of a reference model in Iranian gardens. According to the theoretical foundation of the research, which is based on the Islamic Wisdom System, a combined method is used which consists of analysis of qualitative content and inferential reasoning which is tested in the historical context using determinative evidence and of course according to Due to the historical interpretive nature of some hypotheses, its orientation (study) will be explanatory-narrative, their interpretation is based on the content analysis of historical texts, combined with logical reasoning. In conclusion, The research findings show that the peak of Shiite mystical thinking in the unified system of Safavid government, the bedrock The centralist allegorical idea in the conclusion of the Persian garden as two intersecting axes perpendicular to each other around the middle pavilion with placement provided the pond at its heart to match the centrifugal geometry of the Iranian garden reference pattern. Manuscript profile

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33 - Impact of Spirituality and Mysticism on Iraqi Shiites' Economy during the First Half of Third Century Hegira
Fatemeh Okhravi shhrbanoo debrary Tahereh Azimzadeh

The economic status of Shiites during the Islamic Imams, despite having farmlands at hand and the abundant water flow of Tigris and Euphrates for farming in Iraq, and taxes including Khums and Zakat and the like that Muslims used to pay is important for investigation. A More

The economic status of Shiites during the Islamic Imams, despite having farmlands at hand and the abundant water flow of Tigris and Euphrates for farming in Iraq, and taxes including Khums and Zakat and the like that Muslims used to pay is important for investigation. Also, donors gave endowments with spiritual, divine, and mystical motivations such as fighting with internal souls, taking stages of divinity, giving services to public exclusively for the sake of God that had an impact on the economy. The writer of the paper that used the analytic descriptive methodology has assessed the factors effective on the economy of Shiites in Iraq and has concluded that undoubtedly the establishment of divine government that meets the every goals of human beings is only possible through chaste imams because human based governments have always gone through the personal interests of a specific individual or group. Therefore, Islamic government is an important issue that Muslims are dealing with and that a portion of the pillars this type of government is founded on economic issues because the first requisite for the independence of an establishment is economic independence whereby it is applied well in the world of Shi'ism via zakat, khums, (Anfal) spoils of war, and (Kharaj) land taxes Manuscript profile

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34 - Mystical Themes in Divan Fāni Khoei
Katayoun moradi

10.2234/erfan.2023.708542

Fāni Khoei (deceased 1846) is a mystical poet and a comprehensive sage who shows in his written works, especially in his poems, that mystical themes have been his constant preoccupation. For this reason, he gives importance to precise points in theoretical and practical More

Fāni Khoei (deceased 1846) is a mystical poet and a comprehensive sage who shows in his written works, especially in his poems, that mystical themes have been his constant preoccupation. For this reason, he gives importance to precise points in theoretical and practical mysticism and defends the theory of the unity of existence with different expressions more than any other concept. Then, following the Khorasani and Iraqi style, and following Sana'i, Attar, and Molavi, he performs art in the field of divine love. It also follows the Sufi path by fighting against the ego and pluralistic thought and he looks at Imam Ali (a.s.) from a mystical point of view and gives more importance to poverty as well as death and survival in mystical authorities. It clearly expresses its dependence on Shiite mysticism and draws the philosophy of human life in love for the eternal beloved. For this reason, this wise poet can be considered one of the great Shiite mystics in Persian literature. Manuscript profile

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35 - Comparison of Mystic Lady Umme Salme Beygum Nirizi Shiite Mysticism with Qutbuddin Nirizi
Nasrin Khodabande Mahin Panahi

The purpose of the present research was to compare the Shiite mysticism in Jame Al-Kulliyat by Umme Salme Beygum Nirizi a Mystic lady, with Fasl Al-Khetab by Qutbuddin Nirizi. The statistical population was Shiite mysticism books. The studied sample was Jame Al-Kulliyat More

The purpose of the present research was to compare the Shiite mysticism in Jame Al-Kulliyat by Umme Salme Beygum Nirizi a Mystic lady, with Fasl Al-Khetab by Qutbuddin Nirizi. The statistical population was Shiite mysticism books. The studied sample was Jame Al-Kulliyat and Fasl Al-Khetab.The research design was analytical-descriptive.The data was collected by library method and It was analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the contents of the two works did not exactly match each other’s, however, both authors had considered the spirituall- mystical journey to be achievable by relying on the mystical school of Ahl al-Bayt and Shiite hadiths. But in general, there were common concepts between both that was more about theology and the knowledge of the divine essence. Also, while both works were influenced by the mystical school of Rumi, Attar and Shabestari. due to the Arabic writing of the book Fasl Al-Khetab, Qutbuddin could not use the works of these great Persian writers in his work but Umme Salme had implemeted the poems of these poets a lot. Although both were mystical-philosophical works, the work of Umme Salme Beygum considered more mystical aspects than the work of Qutbuddin and in Qutbuddin's book, the philosophical aspects were more prominent. Despite the similarity of the two works, due to the deep mystical content, Jame Al-Kulliyat was an independent work and not an imitation of the Fasl Al-Khetab, which was the result of the capable mind of this cultured Iranian lady. Manuscript profile

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36 - Plotical Culture among Shia Women (Emphasis on the Role of Iran Islamic Revolution)
حامد Nazari M. R. Alam S. M. Ghafoor

This study aimed to examine the political culture, the Shiite women contribution in politics and its effect on Iranian women’s political culture. The research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical approach. The underlying assumption was that, although the More

This study aimed to examine the political culture, the Shiite women contribution in politics and its effect on Iranian women’s political culture. The research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical approach. The underlying assumption was that, although the political culture components in Iran such as authoritarian culture has been responsible for the decline of women participation in politics, due to the influence of the Iranian Shiite women’s political culture, the women political participation in certain periods of history has increased. For example, during the Islamic revolution under the supervision of Imam Khomeini (ra) the political participation of women has reached its peak. During the revolution, the role and contribution of women in politics for the first time became equal to that of men. The revolution was a manifestation of the political participation of women in Iran. Manuscript profile

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37 - Woman and Hazrat Zahra (SA) Position from Sanaee Ghaznavi Viewpoint
A. A. Afrasyabpour

Some consider "Sanaee” as women antagonistic, while such a great mystic, based on mystical (Sufism) principles believed in no difference between man and woman regarding the spirituals ranks. In Islamic mysticism women always were the resource of love who could rea More

Some consider "Sanaee” as women antagonistic, while such a great mystic, based on mystical (Sufism) principles believed in no difference between man and woman regarding the spirituals ranks. In Islamic mysticism women always were the resource of love who could reach the highest level of mystical ranks. In Sanaee works two types of recitations about women could be observed; one with the positive viewpoint which attributed senior conduct and wisdom to them, the other with negative viewpoint that woman gender has not been regarded. Since at "Sanaee” era women were considered as life luxuries, so he either took some negative positions toward polygyny women or might benefited prevalent allegories to communicate with  the public. By studying his approach toward Hazrat Zahra (SA) and Shiite we could attaine the woman superior rank in his opinion Manuscript profile

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38 - Investigating the relationship between religious teachings and structure and concept in the story of the zamen ahoo
hojat allah hasanvand mohammad kazaie gholamali hatm mohammad aref

10.30495/farsij.2022.1943662.1560

Zamen ahoo is one of the valuable folk themes with an explicit moral-training message in the popular belief. The format of this theme is "the folk and oral story of Zamen Ahoo". Preliminary studies indicate the link between this "story" with religious texts and narratio More

Zamen ahoo is one of the valuable folk themes with an explicit moral-training message in the popular belief. The format of this theme is "the folk and oral story of Zamen Ahoo". Preliminary studies indicate the link between this "story" with religious texts and narrations related to the behavior of the Prophet (PBUH) and some infallible Imams (AS) towards animals. However, the Lack of sufficient resources and studies in this field and as a result, lack of accurate knowledge about the forms and qualities of this link, has led to less attention to this important issue. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to obtain the qualities of the relationship between religious concepts, texts and narratives with the components of the structure in the present story.This research has been done using descriptive-analytical method as well as library and documentary studies and answers to the questions such as: what is the relationship between religious-Islamic and Shiite texts and teachings with the formation of "The Story of Zamen Ahoo" according to its structure and concept. Studies have shown that: Separately sorted, the external structure of the story has a direct and close relationship with the narrations and events related to the Prophet (PBUH) and the Infallibles (AS) and it includes case references. Also,the concepts and themes (internal components) of the story are derived from and related to the original Islamic texts (Quran) and some hadiths; which includes general (ethical) references. Hence, the story has provided a ground and format to express Shiite-religious... Manuscript profile

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39 - The role of the Shiite doctrine (Taziyeh and mourning) The Constitutional Movement
mohsen aghahasani امیر تیمور رفیعی

Abstract Constitutional Movement, one of the major socio-political developments in the history of Iran the Qajar period and within the years 1905 - 1911 occurred. This movement by different groups of people with different ideologies and ideas emerged the result of multi More

Abstract Constitutional Movement, one of the major socio-political developments in the history of Iran the Qajar period and within the years 1905 - 1911 occurred. This movement by different groups of people with different ideologies and ideas emerged the result of multiple factors, socio-political--economic,domestic and foreign factors that between them the role of Islamic forces in particular, the Shiite scholars as religious leaders, community and consequently the culture and the teachings of the Shia the researchers and experts are taken into consideration. Among the Shiite culture taziyeh and mourning in memory of Sayed Master of Martyrs in the course of the court and people has enjoyed a special place. Dramatic Art The role of Taziyeh which express a sense of history shiite Islamic thought and culture and is formed under the influence of Iranian culture and civilization and dialogue as Shiite media discussion and study the social upheavals of the period. We want this article to examine historical documents what is Taziyeh mourning ceremony as part of the culture and the teachings of Shi'ism has played a role in the formation of the Constitutional Movement and make offer them. Which is taken into consideration. Manuscript profile

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40 - Safavid decline pathology: the collapse of the
monireh kazemirashed monireh kazemirashed

abstract appearance of the Safavid dynasty at the beginning of the 10 th century AH / 16th century AD. Is undoubetly 0ne of the important and inpressive events of persian history. each one of the developments and changes in the Safavid era is unique and consists of all More

abstract appearance of the Safavid dynasty at the beginning of the 10 th century AH / 16th century AD. Is undoubetly 0ne of the important and inpressive events of persian history. each one of the developments and changes in the Safavid era is unique and consists of all the religious political. social and cultural spheres. The quality of the development 0f the Safavid government, sparked much debate among hi development of the Safavid government in iran ower to the is so religious, political, storians, to the extent that some historians formed the national government in Iran, Safavid dynasty owes know that after the rule of the Turks and the Mongols in Iran, the Iranian government and at the same We have created a single political center. . In analyzing the root causes of the fall of the Safavids, including policies of Shah Abbas I of the Safavid army reshuffle in the field and the Snow Ghezelbash, a country estate, education and the weakness of his successors successor temples in the country are taken into consideration Purpose: The purpose Manuscript profile

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41 - A study of the political actions of the people of Kufa from 41 to 132 AH
reza ghahremani amir abdolahi mahboub mahdavian

The political behavior of the people of Kufa has been rooted in their beliefs. In the Umayyad period, four specific doctrinal attitudes can be identified. Prominent ideas that somehow supported pro-government and anti-regime political behavior in Kufa; It can be divided More

The political behavior of the people of Kufa has been rooted in their beliefs. In the Umayyad period, four specific doctrinal attitudes can be identified. Prominent ideas that somehow supported pro-government and anti-regime political behavior in Kufa; It can be divided into active and passive spectra. The active spectrum includes the Shiites of Imam Ali (as) who with their political uprisings led the Umayyads to fall and played the most important role in Kufa; Another is the Kharijites who were formed after the battle of Safin and were able to find followers. The passive spectrum included pure referencing and pure algebra that did not take political action. In this article, an attempt has been made to study the political performance of the people of Kufa during the Umayyad period with a historical perspective and a descriptive-analytical method. Thus, the influential components on the intellectual spectrum are expressed and the ideas that are passive and activating of political behavior are expressed. The aim is to highlight the impact of Kufa's pervasive ideas on political behavior and to classify the Kufa uprisings in the Umayyad period. Manuscript profile

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42 - The role of Shiite scholars and scientists in the cultural and social developments of Qazvin
Asghar Karimkhani محمد سپهری ستار عودی

10.30495/hstr.2023.1991045.1864

Despite the multitude of studies and researches conducted around Qazvin, there are still unknowns about the intellectual and cultural developments and the tendency of the people of this city towards the Shiite school. Therefore, dealing with the issue of religion and cl More

Despite the multitude of studies and researches conducted around Qazvin, there are still unknowns about the intellectual and cultural developments and the tendency of the people of this city towards the Shiite school. Therefore, dealing with the issue of religion and clarifying how to spread Shiism in Qazvin and its impact on the political, social and cultural developments of this city is the main issue of this article. Qazvin has been known as Dar al-Sunnah since the beginning of Islam, and Shiites have participated in political and social developments as a minority. Examining the political, social and cultural situation of Qazvin in the early Islamic centuries shows that the tendency and friendship towards the family of Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH) existed among a minority of the people of Qazvin since the time of the conquests. This interest is due to the arrival of Sadat and Alevi Imamzades and Shia families who were generally Zaidi religious and influenced by the atmosphere of Tabaristan; led to a detailed understanding of the Shia school and its religious orientation. The present research has investigated the role of Shiite scholars and scientists in cultural and social developments and the expansion of Shiism in Qazvin. Manuscript profile

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43 - The reasons of expanding Shiite's rites in Al – Buid era
Seddigheh Bayat

Al-Buyid was started when Shiite's twelveth imam absence happened and Shiite's scholars was starting to act more, The result was extension of Shiite which caused to increase Shiite rites. Shiite's scholars in that age was Sheikh Sadog (died in 991), Sheikh Mofid (died More

Al-Buyid was started when Shiite's twelveth imam absence happened and Shiite's scholars was starting to act more, The result was extension of Shiite which caused to increase Shiite rites. Shiite's scholars in that age was Sheikh Sadog (died in 991), Sheikh Mofid (died in 1022), Seyed Razi (died in 1016), Sheikh Tossi (died in 1068) had a good relationship with Al-Boyeh that caused to stretch Shiite culture in that era. Reclamation of Shiite slogan and accomplishment of Ashora rite, Qadir celebration, constructing library and central science places, repairing Imams' tombs and the regnant of Al-Boyeh attend to accomplish Shiite's slogan especially in Bghdad when Ahmad Moezodole was regnant of that city. These caused to progressing of Shiite slogan in that era.   Manuscript profile

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44 - Funeral ceremony in Saffavid period On the basis of explorers` travels
H.R Safakish

Funeral ceremony in Saffavid period is concerned in Iranians whom regarded the caliphate was due to Ali and his sons. Saffavid dynasty who lived on the basis of Shiite, knew that keeping alive the mourning of Imam Hossein (P.) was the most important factor for heart tie More

Funeral ceremony in Saffavid period is concerned in Iranians whom regarded the caliphate was due to Ali and his sons. Saffavid dynasty who lived on the basis of Shiite, knew that keeping alive the mourning of Imam Hossein (P.) was the most important factor for heart tie of the people. Ta`zieh (mourning) is a cultural behavior for Iranians to preserve the sacredness of human prominent values, because its observance in society indicates the cruel on the one hand, and the harassed on the other hand , i.e. the same historical struggle of right and wrong, and it is obvious that finally the truth is victorious. An article about this kind of ceremonies in Saffavid period (the middle history of Iran) is written in the history of Cambridge vol.7 which shows its importance. The disaster of killing Hossein b. Ali (P.) and his advocates in the `Ashura day has been a course for making a painful poetic reality in the world. Manuscript profile

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45 - The role of aale-bouyeh on deepen Shiite culture (sampling study: regligious tradition)
hushang khosrobagi ghahraman jalilian

Aale-Bouyeh who had emanated from the north of Iran, was able to institute the first independent Shiite 's government in some extensive parts of Iran and Iraq and was able to rule over the Abasii 's caliphate. Propagation and deepen the culture of Shiite on extensive pa More

Aale-Bouyeh who had emanated from the north of Iran, was able to institute the first independent Shiite 's government in some extensive parts of Iran and Iraq and was able to rule over the Abasii 's caliphate. Propagation and deepen the culture of Shiite on extensive parts of central and western lands of Abasii's caliphate realm , was the most important consequences of bring to existence  of Aale-Bouyeh.to study of these consequences and to evaluate the role of Aale-Bouyeh's princes is the aim of this article. the result showed that Shiites with support of Aale-Bouyeh could do their religious ceremonies easily and publicly. They also were able to mourn for Imam Hosein(pbuh) on day of  Ashoora and performed Kadir party formally and obviously. Aale-Bouyeh renewed the holy places and provided the presence of pilgrim.call to prayer was propagated and the  Alavian supervision was revived at that are. Manuscript profile

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46 - Representative Organization during Imam Kasem and Imam Sadegh (PBUT) era: causes, functions and its domain
msayeb abbasi akram mohammad pori

The present study investigates the causes, functions and the domain of Representative Organization during Imam Sadegh and Imam Kazem(PBUT) era. The main reasons for establishing the organization beginning with Imam Sadegh and continuing to Imam Mahdi(PBHT) were as follo More

The present study investigates the causes, functions and the domain of Representative Organization during Imam Sadegh and Imam Kazem(PBUT) era. The main reasons for establishing the organization beginning with Imam Sadegh and continuing to Imam Mahdi(PBHT) were as follow: social, political and cultural circumstances contemporary to the Abbassid government, the difficulty involved in direct contact between Imams and Shiites due to existing threats to their lives, the need to decrease sensitivity of governments to Imams’ activities, collecting religious taxes, preparing Shiites to experience Imam Mahdi’s(PBUH)Long Absence. Representative Organization started its activities during Imam Sadegh (PBUH) and continued until Imam Mahdi’s(PBUH)Short Absence. A wide area including Hejaz, Iraq, Iran, North Africa was covered by the Organization. Manuscript profile

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47 - Funeral role in determining relationships and Abbasid Caliph Sultan Muhammad Kharazm
alireza karimi mizhan parvan

Expansion of political, social and cultural center of the Abbasid caliphate in Baghdad Shiite domination of Buwayhid flourished and continued to fall in the process was also hampered Buwayhid. By the time of the Seljuk rule Tkapvhay Kharazmshahiyan This process was acce More

Expansion of political, social and cultural center of the Abbasid caliphate in Baghdad Shiite domination of Buwayhid flourished and continued to fall in the process was also hampered Buwayhid. By the time of the Seljuk rule Tkapvhay Kharazmshahiyan This process was accelerated. Seems to be a growing political conflict After the fall of the Ghaznavid and Seljuk military Kharazmshahiyan the Abbasid Caliphate, the areas suitable for development activities at this time Shiite, has provided comprehensive. Establishment of religious schools, writing several works on jurisprudence and interpretation of Shiite scholars, Shiites in Turkish bureaucracy, even in official Turkish Sultans and Abbasid Caliphate, and special attention to the role of the Shia in the political equations in the time, The point of this article is to review and findings. Various Shia sects, and the interrelationships of the Abbasid Caliphate Kharazmshahiyan play an effective role. The issue, for various reasons in the face of the Abbasid Caliph al- Nasser Sultan Muhammad Kharazm is important.Regardless of which side of the Ismaili Shia Muslim caliphate and to be Kharazmshahiyan Ygrnd, other Shiites both have leading roles are. Manuscript profile

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48 - The role of Shiite teachings (Taziyeh and mourning) in the Constitutional Movement
amirtimoor rafiei mohsen agahasani

Constitutional Movement, one of the major socio-political developments in the history of Iran the Qajar period and within the years 1905-1911 occurred. This movement by different groups of people with different ideologies and ideas emerged the result of multiple factors More

Constitutional Movement, one of the major socio-political developments in the history of Iran the Qajar period and within the years 1905-1911 occurred. This movement by different groups of people with different ideologies and ideas emerged the result of multiple factors, socio-political--economic,domestic and foreign factors that between them the role of Islamic forces in particular, the Shiite scholars as religious leaders, community and consequently the culture and the teachings of the Shia the researchers and experts are taken into consideration. Among the Shiite culture taziyeh and mourning in memory of Sayed Master of Martyrs in the course of the court and people has enjoyed a special place. Dramatic Art The role of Taziyeh which express a sense of history shiite Islamic thought and culture and is formed under the influence of Iranian culture and civilization and dialogue as Shiite media discussion and study the social upheavals of the period. We want this article to examine historical documents what is Taziyeh mourning ceremony as part of the culture and the teachings of Shi'ism has played a role in the formation of the Constitutional Movement and make offer them. Which is taken into consideration. Manuscript profile

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49 - Inconsistencies of Ismail I’s conduct with Shiites in relation to events in Esta Castle
mohammad karim usef jamali ali asghar habibi

Eskandar Sheikhi, a follower of Ghavamodin Marashi also known as Great Mir, and  the last surviving member of Voshtasoph Chalavi family, joined Teymor in attacking Khorasan and Iraq. When Ghavami Marashi’s seyyids were defeated, he was appointed by Teymor to More

Eskandar Sheikhi, a follower of Ghavamodin Marashi also known as Great Mir, and  the last surviving member of Voshtasoph Chalavi family, joined Teymor in attacking Khorasan and Iraq. When Ghavami Marashi’s seyyids were defeated, he was appointed by Teymor to rule in Mazandaran. When Eskandar Sheikhi rebelled against Teymor, Afrasiabians had him killed by Seyyed Hadi Kia to prevent Teymor’s attack to Mazandaran. In return, they are given the government of Chelavie. Some members loyal to Eskandar Sheikhi spent some times in amountaneous region near Chelav. When Ismail I took power they ebelled against him and killed Rey’s governor. Theyy even made am iron cage, which they claim had been built to put Ismail I into. Upon hearing this, Ismail I attacked them and kiiled them. The present article tries to describe how Esta Castle was conquered and how innocent people were killed. This shows inconsistencies of Ismail I’s conduct with Shiites. Manuscript profile

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50 - An investigation of social and economic situation of Shiites in Afghanestan
Abolhassan shahvare hasan ghalandri

The appearance of Shiite in Afghanistan goes back to the early Islam period and Imam Ali. Some of the researchers the emergence of this religion associate with the Shiite Hazara ethnic group. In fact, the presence  Hazara people in Afghanistan can be as an indicato More

The appearance of Shiite in Afghanistan goes back to the early Islam period and Imam Ali. Some of the researchers the emergence of this religion associate with the Shiite Hazara ethnic group. In fact, the presence  Hazara people in Afghanistan can be as an indicator to show the extent of Shiat religion in this region. The tendency of people to the Shiite Hazara Afghans in Afghanistan can be including geographical location, away from the center of the Caliphate of Afghanistan, Afghan Shia's love interest and the family of the Prophet(PBUH) , the eighth Imam of Shiites in the Khorasan(as) region. The tendency to Shiite Among the ethnic Hazaras in Afghanistan and now has moved to the present era. Among the Safavid period, the Shiites in Afghanistan have been active in political and social situation, and perhaps even can consider the period Ilkhan the beginner of Shiite activities in Afghanistan. In this research we tried to regard to social, political situations of Afghanistan Shiites since the beginning of period of Islam. Manuscript profile

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51 - The survey of important cause in attention and develope of esmailli revolte in Khorasan and transoxaiana (Samanid age)
parisa ghrban nezhad

Since third century-lunar calendar-the political, social and cultural conditions dominant in Khorasan and Mavera-0- Alnahr were so good that enabled different religious groups`presence and activities.One of these groups was Esmailian who had made special plansfor the de More

Since third century-lunar calendar-the political, social and cultural conditions dominant in Khorasan and Mavera-0- Alnahr were so good that enabled different religious groups`presence and activities.One of these groups was Esmailian who had made special plansfor the development of inviting and attracting disciples. The plans were scientific activities, attracting religious authorities and Samani authorities`via philosophical and polemical discussions, attracting deprivedlayers of society by using slogans like economic and social justice and inviting military authorities in order to defeat the regime, and intruding amongthe Turk. This article is going to study the main reasons for Esmailieh`s presence and it is developing invitation in Khorasan and Mavera-0- Alnahr Manuscript profile

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52 - The development of innovations in mourning ceremonies at Safavid era: Causes and reasons
ali rohani shahrzad sasanpoor

In the history of Islamic Iran, Safavid era is  one of the period which have a profound influence on spiritual life and  cultural values of Iranian and these effects are well recognized even contemporary. Mourning ceremony in the Safavid era based, in general, More

In the history of Islamic Iran, Safavid era is  one of the period which have a profound influence on spiritual life and  cultural values of Iranian and these effects are well recognized even contemporary. Mourning ceremony in the Safavid era based, in general, on religious and political beliefs, and from the beginning was developed so that in any period of Iranian history was not spread at this level, especially,  in such a short time. It is important, on its own,  to investigate the process of establishment and development of religious ceremonies in the Safavid period as a fundamental subject. The research question is whether the actions of Safavid government and its relevant institutions,  have been effective in the emergence and growth of distortions and innovations in  mourning ceremonies? And, if so, to what extent is involved in the development of this distortion? This article examines the mourning in Safavid era, one of the most prominent Shia historical time, and studies the roots of  innovations in religious ceremonies. In this paper, we study the political , economic and social - cultural factors that involved in the development of distortions from the different aspects, while it shows how it developed  in the Safavid era. The findings suggest that the many political , economic, social - cultural and political factors involved in developing of this innovations , but the governmental and political factors has played a great role.   Manuscript profile

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53 - Islamic Sects and Rational approaches to Religion
محسن Modir=shanehchi علی Solimanpour

The relation between ration and religion as one of the oldest theosophical discourses and intellectual challenges among philosophers, theosophists, scholars and Moslem jurisprudents (and even non-Moslems) is a subject constantly considered the most important intellectua More

The relation between ration and religion as one of the oldest theosophical discourses and intellectual challenges among philosophers, theosophists, scholars and Moslem jurisprudents (and even non-Moslems) is a subject constantly considered the most important intellectual and philosophical preoccupation in the field of ideological, ethical and socio-political existence. Historical, the emergence of various sects in the territory of Islamic civilizations has its roots, before anything else, in rational approaches to religion and in other words in their attitudes towards the relation between ration and religion, spiritual intellect, ration and ideology, ration and religion and the like. Based on which, the theosophical sects of the Shiite, Mo'tazali and Asha'erah, with different rational interpretation and sometimes in conflict with Islamic religion emerged and presented interesting and attractive thoughts and viewpoints. Briefly studying the historical position of each of the mentioned theosophical sects, this article attempts to analyze the major differences among the theosophical sects in the subject.   Manuscript profile

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54 - Critical Review of "Fair Trial" in International Documents
Namdar Babayi Valiolah Ansari Ali qorbani

Namdar Babayi [1] Valiolah Ansari [2]  Ali qorbani [3] Abstract: The concept of fairness in modern criminal law has influenced by the defendant-oriented philosophy. The major part of the rules on the substantive criminal law andprocedure has been arranged to guaran More

Namdar Babayi [1] Valiolah Ansari [2]  Ali qorbani [3] Abstract: The concept of fairness in modern criminal law has influenced by the defendant-oriented philosophy. The major part of the rules on the substantive criminal law andprocedure has been arranged to guarantee the rights of the defendant. This approach creates a complicated situation for the victim: He shouldtolerate the cruel as well as the criminal system considering him insignificant. The Universal Declaration ofHuman Rights, and in particular the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966),embodies such an idea. In so-called postmodern criminal law, this situation is undesirable, and the restorative justice approach, that guarantees the victim’s rights, tries to establish a balance between the plaintiff and defendant in the criminal justice process. In Islamic theology, correspondence of the hearing with God’s commands is the criteria of fairness while in Europe common’s judgment serves as the criteria of the fairness of the trial. [1]-Ph.D Candidate in Criminology and Criminal Law, Isalamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, goldenfit.web@gmail.com [2]- Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran, drvansari98@gmail.com [3] - Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad Universit, Chaloos branch, Chaloos, Iran, agt1350@gmail.com Manuscript profile

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55 - Documental and Implicational Study of Stoning Decree
Aliakbar Rabinataj Zeynab Zargar Hajar Asadi Mojtaba Hosseinezhad

Doctrine of Islamic punishment aims to create individual and social security for the society. Also, safety of the society is depended on stability of the foundation of family. Stoning is a fixed and necessary decree from the perspective of the majority of Islamic sects, More

Doctrine of Islamic punishment aims to create individual and social security for the society. Also, safety of the society is depended on stability of the foundation of family. Stoning is a fixed and necessary decree from the perspective of the majority of Islamic sects, but some groups deny it based on their different viewpoints. The judicial approach is one of the most important approaches, because in addition to consensus, numerous traditions will corroborate this decree. These traditions are divided in terms of meaning in two positions: Evidence and Proof. Therefore, although some of the opponents accept these traditions in the position of Evidence, but others reject it in terms of Proof or implementation of stoning in the era of The Prophet and Infallible Imams, and so they try to show them invalid by criticizing the text and document of these traditions too. This study, by explanatory and analytical method, checks the validity of the traditions of stoning decree implementation in the four books of Shiite. The findings indicate correctness of these traditions and implementation of stoning in the era of The Prophet (pbuh) and after it. Manuscript profile

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56 - Historical Investigation on the Rule of Wage Earning for Performing Obligatory Prayers
Ali Jabar golbaghi Abbasali Soltani Mohammadtaghi Fakhlaei

This article deals with the impact of critical notion of Shahib Al- Orweh plus high position of the scholars of Shiite jurisprudence in the course of time. It also clarified the first appearance and the process of growth and explanation of this issue. The votes of Sahib More

This article deals with the impact of critical notion of Shahib Al- Orweh plus high position of the scholars of Shiite jurisprudence in the course of time. It also clarified the first appearance and the process of growth and explanation of this issue. The votes of Sahib Al- Orweh has left great impact in this domain. Manuscript profile

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57 - A Critical Study of Womenâs Judgment Prohibition Theory from Jurisprudence Philosophy Perspective
Alireza Pouresmaeili Alireza sadeqi

Women as judges has been one of the most challenging subjects in Shiite Jurisprudence (Fiqh), Law, Qur'anic Sciences, Hadith, and other fields. Some researchers in these fields have studied the women capacity for judgment and have tried to criticize the conventional app More

Women as judges has been one of the most challenging subjects in Shiite Jurisprudence (Fiqh), Law, Qur'anic Sciences, Hadith, and other fields. Some researchers in these fields have studied the women capacity for judgment and have tried to criticize the conventional approach in Shiite Jurisprudence that denies women's capacity to judge. This paper seeks to address the subject from a new perspective, i.e. the philosophy of Fiqh, and highlights the importance of Fiqh philosophy in Shiite jurisprudence, suggesting that this gap is created due to ignoring reasoning in Shiite jurisprudence. Finally, it is concluded that the issuance of such judicial decrees (Fatva) in Shiite Jurisprudence is rooted in the inefficacy of anti-rational Jurisprudence (Ijtihad) which can discredit Sharia as well Manuscript profile

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58 - Evaluating Juvenile Penal Code in Islamic Jurisprudence in Iran
jalalodin Ghiasi masoud heidari

Limiting an exact age by presenting a determined criterion as to the beginning of the period when an under aged begins to behave like an adult and is considered as a liable person is of necessity in all legal orders, including the criminal law of the Islamic republic of More

Limiting an exact age by presenting a determined criterion as to the beginning of the period when an under aged begins to behave like an adult and is considered as a liable person is of necessity in all legal orders, including the criminal law of the Islamic republic of Iran. Here, the issue of coming of age and being a responsible person in front of law, according to Quran verses is analyzed and compared with the legal and psychological opinions regarding the presented standards by the impeccableâ€™s on puberty through verses in Quran specially the level of its comparison with puberty criterion and penal liability that exists in Iran which is implemented according to the ideological nature of religious laws in Iran. Manuscript profile

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59 - The Professional Ethics of Industries in Shiite Jurisprudence and Professional Texts (Case Study: the Right of Supervision over Industries)
Mehrdad Aghasharifian Parviz Rastegar Jazi Mohsen Ghasempour Ravandi

10.22034/ijrj.2018.538446

The Shiite jurisprudence, due to its comprehensiveness, is one of the richest and most important sources which can be applied in studying the etiquettes and moralities involved in business. The jurists have mentioned various teachings in form of religious precepts inclu More

The Shiite jurisprudence, due to its comprehensiveness, is one of the richest and most important sources which can be applied in studying the etiquettes and moralities involved in business. The jurists have mentioned various teachings in form of religious precepts including obligatory, unlawful, recommended and disliked rules in the legal works devoted to business and trading in Islam. Such legal teachings can create certain principles and bases known as professional ethics used in the fields of economics, business and industries. Furthermore, such principles have been reflected in some professional texts, particularly in some chivalry-manifestos presented by certain business. This essay, as a legal research, seeks to indicate the degree of Shiite jurisprudential influence on the emergence of specific principles of professional ethics in different business using a library base and descriptive method and by comparing the legal texts on the one hand and the professional texts on the other. The main question which this essay tries to answer is to know what principles can be inferred from analyzing and comparing the Shiite jurisprudential teachings and the professional texts written in this regard. Based on the findings of this article, the following principles can be extracted from the above mentioned analysis: the obligation of providing livelihood, and giving reverence to business, the necessity of gaining knowledge for business, the necessity of pursuing the example of religious role models in different businesses, the requirement of attending to ethics and spirituality in work, the obligation of adding prayer and devotion in all works. The blessing in work and business can take place in the light of proper businesses which can be achieved through legal analysis and by supervising the jobs as one of the principles of professional ethics in business. Manuscript profile

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60 - Studying the Degree of Punishment, Discretionary Correction and Discipline of Child According to Shiite Jurisprudence
Nasrollah Shameli Ehsan Aliakbari Babokani Mohsen Shakery

Shiite jurisprudence does not prohibited the punishment of child in general. But due to certain circumstances, the ban is lifted. However, the preliminary sentence of child punishment is sanctity, only has some exceptions in specific circumstances. Exception of child pu More

Shiite jurisprudence does not prohibited the punishment of child in general. But due to certain circumstances, the ban is lifted. However, the preliminary sentence of child punishment is sanctity, only has some exceptions in specific circumstances. Exception of child punishment is under two general terms including discretionary correction and correction. Although most of the Islamic scholars did not separate this two general terms in the corporal punishment of children, it seems necessary in some cases to separate these two groups, because the cases, the conditions and many accessories of this two general terms are different and the separation of these two terms hasn’t any significant practical results. Moreover, since Islamic scholars haven’t argued within the issue, many of the terms and conditions including corporal punishment of children, the quality, level and the persons who have the right of punishment have not been investigated in the texts of jurisprudence. Manuscript profile

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61 - The role of Sadat in cultural change and the spread of Shia in Qazvin (In Early Islamic Ages)
asghar karimkhani MOHAMMAD SEPEHRI sattar oudi

Despite the abundance of historical studies and research on Qazvin, there is still much to be said about the intellectual and cultural changes and tendency of the people of Shi'ite in the early Islamic centuries due to Qazvin's "Dar al-Sina". The central question of thi More

Despite the abundance of historical studies and research on Qazvin, there is still much to be said about the intellectual and cultural changes and tendency of the people of Shi'ite in the early Islamic centuries due to Qazvin's "Dar al-Sina". The central question of this study is that Sadat What role did they play in the spread of Shi'ism in Qazvin in the early Islamic centuries? According to the findings of this study, Shiites in this city first came to Qazvin due to the presence of some companions and worshipers who were deeply interested in the Imams and the Ahlul-Bayt Imams. The continuation of the Umayyad regime and their treatment of the Iranian people and the presence of Sadat and Alawites in different cities of Iran, especially in Qazvin, have gradually increased the interest of the Shiites in Iran. Meanwhile, Sadat Ja'fari played a key role in the spread of Shi'ism in Qazvin. Manuscript profile

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62 - The influence of Al-Safa Brotherhood ideas on the Sarbdarieh movement
Mostafa abdollahi Ramin Yelfani mahboobeh sharafi

The Al-Safa Brotherhood has been a community of philosophers and scientists. They have influenced movements such as the Sarbadars with their theories about religion, government and justice. The conditions that the society faced in the fourth and eighth centuries AH had More

The Al-Safa Brotherhood has been a community of philosophers and scientists. They have influenced movements such as the Sarbadars with their theories about religion, government and justice. The conditions that the society faced in the fourth and eighth centuries AH had provided the ground for the emergence of the Al-Safa Brotherhood and the Sarbadars, and it is behind these backgrounds that these two declare their existence. The Al-Safa Brotherhood and the leaders were supporters of the Shiite religion and praised Ali (AS) and the Ahl al-Bayt. The Al-Safa Brotherhood believed that the government would reach the hands of the good people, and it was in this direction that the leaders formed their government according to the Al-Safa Brotherhood. According to these materials, the main hypothesis of this research is that the Sarbadars, under the influence of the teachings of the Al-Safa Brotherhood in the religious and political dimensions, were able to establish the discourse of their government. And the main question is in what areas was the influence of the leaders of the Al-Safa Brotherhood and to what extent was this influence manifested in their government? This article has been done using main sources and researches and relying on descriptive-analytical approach. Manuscript profile

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63 - Effectiveness Off Imam Reza’s Religion Arguments For Shiite Expansion. (Greet Khorasan,Third Hejira Century)
mohamad javad jafarii Sayyed Asghar Mahmoodabadi keyvan loloie hamidrza jadidi

Abstract:The people of Greater Khorasan converted to Islam in the first half of the first century AH. At that time, Shiism had few supporters, but from the beginning of the third century, despite the authority of the Sunni Abbasid rulers, Shiism became the dominant reli More

Abstract:The people of Greater Khorasan converted to Islam in the first half of the first century AH. At that time, Shiism had few supporters, but from the beginning of the third century, despite the authority of the Sunni Abbasid rulers, Shiism became the dominant religion of the people of Khorasan. This work began with the presence of Imam Reza and his actions. This fundamental research seeks to answer the question of how much the Imam's religious debates and his precise actions were the source of the spread of Shiism? The answer obtained after reviewing historical and analytical documents and books shows that this method of the Imam was the best model for the spread of Shiism in the face of scholars of other religions, with a precise understanding of the crises of Islamic society, looking to the future, and adopting intelligent political and cultural positions and strategies. Is. It caused non-Muslims and Muslims of other sects to become interested in Imami Shi'ism and to accept Shi'ism as their religion. Manuscript profile

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64 - Explain and Analyze the Umayyad Propaganda Approaches
Nabi Sanjabi farinaz hooshyar Naser Jadidi

Propaganda is one of the important areas of communication of societies , therefore, it has always been considered in different fields, including political and governmental fields in different periods . The Umayyads also used propaganda to legitimize, gain power, and mai More

Propaganda is one of the important areas of communication of societies , therefore, it has always been considered in different fields, including political and governmental fields in different periods . The Umayyads also used propaganda to legitimize, gain power, and maintain political sovereignty, especially against the Alawites (Shiites) . Advertising approaches are attention to areas and the use of various tools that are given the nature of advertising. The present study answers the question: What were the areas of Umayyad propaganda approaches? It has been done in a descriptive-analytical method and with reference to library sources. The result of this research shows that many propaganda methods were founded by Muawiyah and continued by the later caliphs. The propagandistic approaches of the Umayyads included a religious, political, emotional-psychological and economic approach that was aimed at influencing the thoughts and behavior of individuals and leading society to the goals of the Umayyads. Manuscript profile

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65 - The role of Shiite religion on the formation of socio,political identity of Iranian women in the Al-Buwayh period
parvin masoompoor askari iraj jalali

The present article attempts to review the role of Shiite religion on the formation of socio-political identity of Iranian women in the Al-Buwayh period. The research method in this study is historical and data analysis method is accomplished through descriptive-analyti More

The present article attempts to review the role of Shiite religion on the formation of socio-political identity of Iranian women in the Al-Buwayh period. The research method in this study is historical and data analysis method is accomplished through descriptive-analytical method.The results of this study indicated that Shiite religion, with a holistic comprehensive role that involve all aspects of socio-political identity of Iranian women, is determinant in the two periods of Al-Buwayh. During the Al-Buwayh period, regarding political aspect, Shiite political ideas penetrated in the thoughts of Iranian women, including the idea of combining Iranian-Islamic models with Shiite tendencies, the authority of Shiite jurists, and the thought of the Absent Imam. During this period, following the emergence of the Alawites Niqab institution, Iranian women for the first time were persuaded toward religious pilgrimage and holy visits to sanctuaries and holy shrines., etc. In the social aspect, Shiite customs and religious rituals such as Eid Ghadir, Mid-Sha'ban, mourning for Muharram and Ashura, the religious custom of walking to Karbala, the custom of saying Hay Ala Khair al-Amal on Ashura day, On the day of Ashura, the pilgrimage to the holy shrines of Imams is one of the examples of the role of Shiite religion in the formation of social identity of Iranian women in the Al-Buwayh period. Manuscript profile

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66 - An analysis of the performance of Shiite scholars in the protection of religion in the era of Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar
mohammadreza bagherizadehgan naser bageribidehendi ali aghanoori

AbstractThe word Shiism is the only word that throughout history has been associated with missionaries, scholars and authorities who have caused the rise and spread of this religion with dynamism and insight in every age.Shiite scholars are the flag bearers of religion More

AbstractThe word Shiism is the only word that throughout history has been associated with missionaries, scholars and authorities who have caused the rise and spread of this religion with dynamism and insight in every age.Shiite scholars are the flag bearers of religion and culture and have spared no effort to protect its sanctity. The social functions of the ulema have been very fruitful against the selfishness of the tyrant rulers, especially the Qajar sultans, as well as against the two colonial governments of Russia and Britain. They were able to maintain the religious, political, livelihood and economy of Iran to the best of their ability during the fifty-year rule of Nasser al-Din Shah (1264-1313 AH), which was the culmination of concessions to the colonial and looting states of Russia and Britain.Finally, the results of this research provide the audience with the position of scholars such as Ayatollah Kani, Mirza Shirazi, Miraz Mohammad Hassan Ashtiani, Haj Mirza Javad Agha Tabrizi, Agha Seyyed Ali Akbar Fal Asiri, etc., who were able to take a conscious action taken from the Qur'an, Sunnah , Wisdom and consensus to protect religion, acquaints. Manuscript profile

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67 - The role of Shiite ministers in Fatimid rule and the spread of Shiism in Egypt
ABBAS SHIRMOHAMADI mahdi goljan fereshtesadat etetagfar

With the rise of the Fatimids in North Africa, a great change took place in the Islamic world, and that was the establishment of a caliphate based on Shiite beliefs. The institution of the ministry was one of the influential institutions in the political structure of th More

With the rise of the Fatimids in North Africa, a great change took place in the Islamic world, and that was the establishment of a caliphate based on Shiite beliefs. The institution of the ministry was one of the influential institutions in the political structure of the Fatimid government, and they, like the Abbasid government, had two types of ministries of enforcement and delegation, which were ministers in the first period and the caliph was in power. The ministry of delegation began, and the ministers were the main power in the Fatimid caliphate. The main question of the present study is what role did the Shiite ministers of the Fatimid religion play in the spread of Shiism and Shiite beliefs in Egypt? The research hypothesis is that the Fatimid Shiite ministers played a significant role in the spread of Shiism and Shiite beliefs in Egypt. Based on the findings of this descriptive-analytical study, the actions and reforms carried out by the Shiite ministers of the Fatimid religion during their ministry have played an effective role in establishing their government and spreading Shiite beliefs in North Africa. Manuscript profile

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68 - Cultural and Political Implications of the Spread of Shiism in the Deccan Peninsula (Case Study of the Qutb Shahian Government)
roghaye babayi hasan sara Mahmood Seyyed seed alireza vaseyi

Deccan is a fertile plateau in the south of the subcontinent which is about three hundred kilometers long. Shiism was chosen as the official religion in the ninth and tenth centuries AH by some local Deccan governments. After the extinction of the Bahmani government in More

Deccan is a fertile plateau in the south of the subcontinent which is about three hundred kilometers long. Shiism was chosen as the official religion in the ninth and tenth centuries AH by some local Deccan governments. After the extinction of the Bahmani government in the Deccan region, five local governments, the Qutbshahians in Golkandeh, the Adelshahis in Bijapur, the Shahid system in Ahmadnagar, the Emadshahis in Barar and the Bridshahis in Bidar, took their place. The Qutb Shahs, the Nizam Shahs, and the Adil Shahs called Shi'ism the official religion of their government and have historically been known as Shi'a governments. The rule of Qutb Shahyan was introduced to the Bahmani government by one of the princes of Qaraqoyunlu, named Qoli, who went to Deccan, where he achieved degrees of progress and growth. And was appointed to the government of Golkandeh by Bahmanians and in 918 AH Simultaneously with the weakness of the Bahmanis, he declared independence and immediately, following Shah Ismail, chose the Shiite religion as the official religion and read the sermon. The aim of the present study was the causes and factors of the spread of Shiism in the period of Qutb Shahyan and the political and cultural consequences of the Shiite religion. article uses descriptive-analytical method and library method to collect information. Important court positions were held by them as religious and cultural missionaries in the growth and promotion of Iranian and Islamic culture, so that Persian was used as the official and court language. Manuscript profile

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69 - A comparison and coparative study of the theory of guardianship from the point of view of Imamieh Shiite and Atash_Beigi dynasty.
mahmoud alvari Mehdi Ansari AliAkbar khedrizadeh

The issue of guardianship is one of the important issues of the Imamieh Shiite religion.As this religion revolves around the axis of the guardianship and forms its basis.The issue of guardianship in Imamieh Shiite is tied to the Imamate and includes a generality that in More

The issue of guardianship is one of the important issues of the Imamieh Shiite religion.As this religion revolves around the axis of the guardianship and forms its basis.The issue of guardianship in Imamieh Shiite is tied to the Imamate and includes a generality that includes the guardianship and Imamte of the twelve Imams.Ahle-Hagh is one of the religious- Shiite sects and schools with a mystical oriantation and includes eleven dynasties ,which the Atash-Beigi dynasty is considered from the famous dynasties of Ahle-Hagh. The gardianship perception as an important and fundemental principle in the thought of Atash-Beigi dynasty,which has been manifested since the beginig of creation and the processes of genesis of the existence ,the guardianship and manifestation of Imam Ali has been manifested and manifested in different periods.A comparision and comparative study with descriptive-analitycal method of Imamiehs' view with the view of Ahle-Hagh and Atash-Beigi dynasty about the guardianship has been the aim of this research.The result of the research indicate that there ara many similarities and affinities between these views a bout the guardianship. Manuscript profile

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70 - An introduction to the religious beliefs of the people of Nahavand during the Caliphate of Bani Abbas (132 656 AH)
Ali Chegeni sholouhsadat arabi hashemi Feyz allah Bushasb Gusheh

gPerhaps the most important cultural change in the Bani Abbas era in the Jabal region, especially in the Nahavand region, is the many changes in beliefs, religious beliefs and the spread of new sects and religions. Clues and evidences show that this region has had a var More

gPerhaps the most important cultural change in the Bani Abbas era in the Jabal region, especially in the Nahavand region, is the many changes in beliefs, religious beliefs and the spread of new sects and religions. Clues and evidences show that this region has had a variety of opinions and religious beliefs due to its special geographical location and being on the ancient trade routes and adjacent to the land of Mianrodan and influenced by the special cultural situation of that region. Despite this, some authors of historical books and Islamic sects have firmly commented on the religion of the people of Nahavand and have considered them among the believers of deviant, extreme and extravagant religions.With a descriptive-analytical approach, this article aims to describe the process of the formation and emergence of Khurmadiniyyah, Ismailiyyah and Shia religious sects between 132 and 656 AH in Nahavand region, and how the extreme ideas of similitude and embodiment penetrated among some of examine the followers of Shiism. Manuscript profile

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71 - Sheikh Bahai's hesitations concerning cooperation with the Safavid government
Rafat Khajeh yar

Safavid state formation and the recognition of the Shiite religion in Iran led to the presence of Shiite scholars even from the surrounding lands in Iran, especially during the reign of Shah Tahmasb, when many scholars of Jabal Amel turned to his court and became promin More

Safavid state formation and the recognition of the Shiite religion in Iran led to the presence of Shiite scholars even from the surrounding lands in Iran, especially during the reign of Shah Tahmasb, when many scholars of Jabal Amel turned to his court and became prominent religious officials, mostly in cooperation with the Safavid government. And the second and third generations of these scholars continued to cooperate with the Safavid government in the following decades.Sheikh Baha'i is a descendant of the Jabal Amel scholars who held the position of the highest religious official during the reign of Shah Abbas I. As a prominent Shiite scholar, he collaborated with the Safavid government, but He looks at it and even mentions it as polytheism. Using descriptive and analytical methods, this article uses historical sources to first present a picture of the Safavid rule during the reign of Shah Abbas I and then to analyze the performance of Sheikh Baha'i and his interaction with the Safavid state. Manuscript profile

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72 - Pathology of Present Situation of India's Shiites
Hamidreza Fathnejat Ali Almasi

Tenth to thirteenth Hijrid centuries were brilliant ones for Shiite Indian society, becauseof gaining a part of dynasty of this land, training great scholars, and finally partial freedomof Shiites groups in stating their ideas. Gradually from thirteenth c. forward, thos More

Tenth to thirteenth Hijrid centuries were brilliant ones for Shiite Indian society, becauseof gaining a part of dynasty of this land, training great scholars, and finally partial freedomof Shiites groups in stating their ideas. Gradually from thirteenth c. forward, those goldentimes decayed. What is continued during these two last centuries are effects such asEnglish intriguing against Muslims after occupying India, Indian sonnies' pressures onShiites as an innovation in the religion, separating Pakistan from India, and finally Indianmovements wanting independency against English are the main impacting reasons on theShiites situation in this land, that is the reason of decaying Shiite society in India. Thispaper decides to survey pressing harms on Shiites especially political, economic,scientific, and cultural …, according to these reasons with a descriptive- analyticalmethod. Manuscript profile

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73 - 'Ulum al-Hadith in Neyshābūr during the First Four Centuries of Islam
Mahdi Hajian Mehrnaz Behroozi Mohamad Sepehri

The purpose of this study is to examine the state of Hadith science in Neyshābūr during the first four centuries of Islam, a city of the Islamic realm that, with its special geographical location and ideal environmental conditions, which brought together a large number More

The purpose of this study is to examine the state of Hadith science in Neyshābūr during the first four centuries of Islam, a city of the Islamic realm that, with its special geographical location and ideal environmental conditions, which brought together a large number of jurists, scholars and experts of hadith and became a great school in which  many Hadith activities  in the early Islamic centuries were done. We want to show the validity and prosperity of the science of hadith in Neyshābūr, due to the enlightenment of the experts of religion, such as Ali ibn Musā al-Reḍā (AS), and the correction of hadith collections and authentic and well-documented narratives, including the Hadith of the al-Silsilat al-Dhahab, along with the activities of the great and renowned Shiite and popular narrators.  As we shall see, following the attempts made by hadith narrators of the Neyshābūr, many works were compiled by great scholars such as Muslim ibn Hajjāj, Faḍl ibn Shādhān and Ḥākim Neyshābūrī. We will also see the popularity of works such as Ṣaḥiḥ Muslim, which in Neyshābūr have also become a pivotal point for new hadith compositions, such as books od Mustakhraj and Masānid. Manuscript profile

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74 - Determine the meaning of the verse " sheraa" In the comprehensive interpretation of jaea al-Bayan and its comparison with Shiite interpretations of the fourth to sixth centuries
AbdolMajid TalebTash

erse 207 of Al-Baqarah is known as the verse of Sharia Someone sells her life for the sake of God.This article is a comparative method Has studied the comprehensive narrations of Al-Bayan from Tabari has adapted it to Shiite interpretations. Tabari interprets the verse More

erse 207 of Al-Baqarah is known as the verse of Sharia Someone sells her life for the sake of God.This article is a comparative method Has studied the comprehensive narrations of Al-Bayan from Tabari has adapted it to Shiite interpretations. Tabari interprets the verse of Shara And brings 9 narrations. he categorizes them into three sections. Part One: Some narrations say: The verse was revealed about certain people from the emigrants. Part Two: Some narrations say: The verse was revealed about the emigrants and the Ansar. third part: Some narrations have spoken about the general revelation of the verse. they say: The verse was revealed about a person who sacrifices her life And jihad Or command to goodness in the way of God in obedience to God. Most of Tabari's narrations have been repeated in Shiite commentaries. Except that the narrations which show that Umar, Abu Bakr and Abu Hurayrah have determined the case have not been considered by Shiite commentators. There are different narrations in Shiite interpretations. He considered the dignity of the revelation of the verse to be related to Imam Ali (AS) sleeping in the bed of the Holy Prophet Which Tabari did not pay attention to This research clarified. In determining the case The opinion of Shiite commentators is preferable to other opinions;. Manuscript profile

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75 - Investigating the Truth of the Concept of Prophecy from the Perspective of Shiite Mysticism
Hoora sadat Qozat

One of the important topics in divine religions is the truth of the concept of "prophecy". The problem of prophecy is a problem that, due to its prominent position in religions, has occupied the mind of every thinker interested in theological topics. Jewish, Christian a More

One of the important topics in divine religions is the truth of the concept of "prophecy". The problem of prophecy is a problem that, due to its prominent position in religions, has occupied the mind of every thinker interested in theological topics. Jewish, Christian and Muslim thinkers have discussed and written works on this issue. Considering the concept of prophecy in Christian theology, Jewish theology and even Islamic theology, of course, with a theological approach, it seems that what is seen in this regard and around the issue of prophecy in all these statements and works has many gaps and shortcomings and it is not clear, and none has been as close to the truth of this concept as the school of Shiite mysticism. Therefore, the current research is aimed at explaining the truth of the problem of prophecy, to examine it from the deep perspective of Shiite mysticism. For this purpose, most of all the points of view of Imam Khomeini (as) have been taken into consideration. According to the author's belief, correct explanation and understanding of this concept from the point of view of Shiite mysticism, due to its comprehensiveness and inclusiveness, prevents fruitless conversations and leads people to the truth. Also, this mystical explanation of the problem of prophecy can be seen as the answer to many questions and issues raised in this field. Therefore, many topics and issues, such as those discussed and followed in the topic of "prophecy prediction test", in contrast to this lofty and pure view, in principle, do not show anything other than smallness and defeatism. Manuscript profile

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76 - Revival of regional power of Iran: (2005-2017)
abolfazl shakoori amir-hossein vazirian

10.30495/pir.2019.664712

Increased activism of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East since 2005, in the form of a coalition called the Axis of Resistance accompanied by the display of power in Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Yemen, has raised Iran as a regional power. This show of power is d More

Increased activism of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East since 2005, in the form of a coalition called the Axis of Resistance accompanied by the display of power in Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Yemen, has raised Iran as a regional power. This show of power is due to the unique position and characteristics of the interior, along with the impact of regional and international events. This paper uses the analytical-descriptive method based on library and internet resources to answer the question of what role the components of national power have been in increasing the regional power of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The findings of this research show that four variables of geographic location (geopolitics-geo-economics), economic components (economic growth rate, oil revenues, GDP, GDP per capita, exports and imports), military power component (strategy, costs, military equipment and role The IRGC in regional politics) and the adoption of Shi'a Islam identity has had an important influence on increasing the regional influence and power of Iran. Manuscript profile

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77 - The Sadrist Process and the emergence of Identity Backwardness on Iraq Resistance in both terms of Hard and Soft Dimensions
Abdolreza Alishahi Hossein Masoudnia Younes Forouzan

10.30495/pir.2019.664713

In this paper authors' aim to answer the question of why and how the Sadr Process, as an influential current in Iraq, has led to the emergence of divergence among the Shiites of Iraq in particular and the resistance front in general? The hypothesis of the article is tha More

In this paper authors' aim to answer the question of why and how the Sadr Process, as an influential current in Iraq, has led to the emergence of divergence among the Shiites of Iraq in particular and the resistance front in general? The hypothesis of the article is that the pragmatic approaches of the Sadr Process have led to the emergence of rebellion among the Shiites of Iraq and the resistance front in the region, and this problem is seen Resistance in both terms of hard and soft Dimensions. The findings of the paper, which are based on the theory of constructivism and behavioral theory of political activists, using the analytical-descriptive method and the use of written and virtual resources confirms that, in a hard dimension, the Sadr Process is interspersed with Saudi Arabia and a strategic coalition with the current Ayad Allawi, A secular Shiite and trusted America and Saudi Arabia and deep challenges with other Iraqi Shiite currents and in the soft dimension, by adopting retrograde positions towards the Islamic Republic of Iran, Syria, Saudi Shiites and Yemen, and the dual positions of the Shiite Iraqi authorities he is trying to create an independent Arab Shiite front Manuscript profile

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78 - The Effects Identity-based ideas on Formation Iran Foreign Policy Behavior unto Iraq Kurdistan Regional Government (2003- 2019)
Sina Emadi Reza Simbar Ahmad jansiz

The question of this research is examination the most important identity ideas that effecting on formation Iran foreign policy behavior unto Kurdistan regional government. These ideas have assessment in three levels with a descriptive-analytical approach: domestic, regi More

The question of this research is examination the most important identity ideas that effecting on formation Iran foreign policy behavior unto Kurdistan regional government. These ideas have assessment in three levels with a descriptive-analytical approach: domestic, regional and international. In domestic dimension, Iran Kurdish character (especially Sunni Kurdish) as important variable on Iran foreign policy unto KRG has analyzing on three field containing political, economical and cultural. Political ideas especially different imagination Islamic republic of Iran and some Iran opposition Kurdish groups that supported by KRG led to securitization Iran foreign policy unto KRG. In economical dimension relations between both parties developing, however stocks of Iran Kurdish regions assess few. In cultural ideas there were identity- Differentiation, that prevented bi-cultural collaboration. In regional ideas the Iran priority after 2003 was Iraq Shiite central state that always influence on Iran and KRG relations. International ideas also causes as divergent factor. Islamic republic of Iran has recognizing USA and Israel as identity-others that have trying to decreases their influence in KRG. Manuscript profile

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79 - Iraqi Federalism and Iran’s National Security; Opportunities and Challenges
Mehdi Dehnavi Hossein Tajabadi

Abstract The US led coalition forces attack to Iraq on the pretext of WMD has turned this country's events into one of the main topics discussed by the experts in political and international issues. Based on the new Iraqi constitution, which was approved by Parliament More

Abstract The US led coalition forces attack to Iraq on the pretext of WMD has turned this country's events into one of the main topics discussed by the experts in political and international issues. Based on the new Iraqi constitution, which was approved by Parliament and the majority of Iraqi people, the government was established as 'democratic, federal parliamentary republic'. This paper tries to answer the following question: what is the impact of the federal system in Iraq on Iran's national security? To answer this question, authors have used descriptive-analytical method . Compared to Iraq’s thereat, as a unitary state, for Iran’s national security (as was the case of the last Iran- Iraq war) or as a distorted country which paves the way for inference of trans regional powers in opposition to Iran’s national interests, it seems that the new Iraq federal system regardless of some challenges that may cause for neighbors including Iran, can be the best model for national security. Manuscript profile

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80 - Causes of convergence in Shiite-Sufi movements of the Timurid era (Emphasizing the role of alien sciences in convergence)
human mohammadi shoko arabi Soheila Torabi Farsani

The Shiite-Sufi movements of the Timurid era emerged on the basis of common components. The leaders of these movements, realizing the temporal and environmental requirements and seizing the opportunity, tried to achieve success by taking advantage of the existing common More

The Shiite-Sufi movements of the Timurid era emerged on the basis of common components. The leaders of these movements, realizing the temporal and environmental requirements and seizing the opportunity, tried to achieve success by taking advantage of the existing common components and using all their capacities. They cleverly and, of course, ambitiously tried to take advantage of the vacuum created by the fall of the Abbasid caliphate and the decline of the patriarchal power, and by using Sufi obedience, along with motivating the Shiite revolutionary teachings and the potential mobilizing power of Mahdism, pave the way for these movements. The three movements of letters, Moshasheian and Noorbakhshieh played a prominent role in this regard. This research seeks to answer the question that under the influence of what factors the common components of the three movements of the alphabet, the radiant and the enlightenment caused the convergence of these groups? It seems that the most important factor in the convergence of Shiite-Sufi movements is the religious tolerance of the Mongols. In addition, the existence of common claims and the emergence of a great dervishes with a justified face who were also friends of the Ahl al-Bayt (as) can also be other influential factors in this regard. Analytically, descriptively, while criticizing and examining the common components of the three movements of the alphabet, the radiant and the enlightened, the causes of the convergence of the mentioned movements should be examined. Manuscript profile

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81 - Contradiction of political thought of Shiite scholars in relation to Safavid kings (Shah Ismail and Shah Tahmaseb period)
aliashraf hatami naser jadidi alireza abtahi

AbstractThe formation of the Safavid state in 907 AH is a turning point in the history of Shiism and a new chapter in the relationship of Shiite scholars with Safavid kings. The present article tries to explore the relations of Shiite scholars with Safavid kings by emph More

AbstractThe formation of the Safavid state in 907 AH is a turning point in the history of Shiism and a new chapter in the relationship of Shiite scholars with Safavid kings. The present article tries to explore the relations of Shiite scholars with Safavid kings by emphasizing the period of Shah Ismail and Shah Tahmasb Safavid (982-907 AH). The results of the research indicate that the relations of Shiite scholars with Safavid kings in the period under discussion had different aspects from thought to action and had both negative and positive approaches. In connection with this issue, emphasizing the need to establish a government during the absence, theoretical justification for the establishment of the Safavid government, justifying the legitimacy of Shiite governments, especially Safavids, the need to hold Friday prayers, giving gifts to Safavid kings positive approaches and the absence of Friday prayers during the absence, Paying gifts to Safavid kingsAnd the non-holding of Friday prayers in the evening of absence and also the lack of need for political positions to be accepted by the ulema have been the most important negative approaches in the relations of some other Shiite ulema with the Safavid kings in the period in question.And the non-holding of Friday prayers in the evening of absence and also the lack of need for political positions to be accepted by the ulema have been the most important negative approaches in the relations of some other Shiite ulema with the Safavid kings in the period in question. Manuscript profile

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82 - Muqatil al-Hussein (AS) and the site of Seyyed Ahmad Ardakani's Hosseiniyyah Cemetery
zahra Yazdani Alireza Ghojezade Ashraf Chegin

Rawdat Hosseiniyah, written by Sayyid Ahmad Ardakani Yazdi (13 AH), written by a Persian writer. The main subject of this topic is the influence of Zindgani on Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) and the reality of Jangdaz Ashura and Karbala. Radkani, the transfer of Harqi More

Rawdat Hosseiniyah, written by Sayyid Ahmad Ardakani Yazdi (13 AH), written by a Persian writer. The main subject of this topic is the influence of Zindgani on Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) and the reality of Jangdaz Ashura and Karbala. Radkani, the transfer of Harqi, a subject of Sanadi, with the memory of Nam Rawi and the owner of his arguments, Dada, with a solution and the interpretation of his relaxation, and the translation of verses, verses, verses, transmission of her, narrators, and killing of his Radakh In the garden of Husseini, there are demands and a reliable chain of transmission with its nonsense, and in the face of the garden of Khawanan and its battle, there are traces of falsehood regarding the reality of Karbala and the testimonies of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), his opinions, Dadand, Dori Justest. A comprehensive collection of texts, narrations and hadiths of respected Shiite scholars with a sad and sad identity, under the supervision and supervision of Al-Amali Sheikh Saduq, Alaam Al-Wari Tabarsi, Al-Mallah And Sayyid bin Tawoos and... Niz Tafsiri; From the interpretation of Ibn Abbas, Imam Hassan Askari (peace be upon him) and... his counterparts are weak in the face of suspicions and weak narrations regarding the testimonies of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) and the reality of Karbala, see below. Ardakani has two copies of the books translated by Muqatil, Hamshun Lahof Sayyid Tawoos and... received a response. Manuscript profile

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83 - Iraqi Shiites and Their Interaction with the Occupying Forces after the fall of Saddam
Zeinab Ssadat Mirmohammadi Nayereh Mirzababaei Samaneh Keshvardoost

w

w Manuscript profile

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84 - Historical Analysis of the Iraqi Shiites’ Status from the Era of Imam Ali (AS) until the fall of Saddam
Zeinab Sadat Mirmohammadi Samaneh Keshvardoost Nayereh Mirzababaei

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85 - Imamology from the perspective of Mansour Bara'ati, a contemporary Shia commentator and thinker
vadood Hodaei hossein moradi Muhammad Husayn Sa'ini Farhad Edrisi

In the Shiite school, the imamate is one of the fundamental and doctrinal principles. Throughout the history of Islam, great Shiite scholars and thinkers have attempted to prove and explain the chapters and major dimensions of this ideological axis. In this regard, Mans More

In the Shiite school, the imamate is one of the fundamental and doctrinal principles. Throughout the history of Islam, great Shiite scholars and thinkers have attempted to prove and explain the chapters and major dimensions of this ideological axis. In this regard, Mansour Bara'ati, a contemporary Shia thinker and commentator, has tried to provide a clear picture of the Quran by writing interpretive maxims and paying special attention to the subject of imamology. The authors of this article intend to provide a descriptive and analytical answer to this fundamental question: what are the components of Bara'ati's thought to introduce and present homogeneous or new versions in imamology? The research results show that in some respects along with other Shia thinkers, Bara'ati considers the Imam to be the narrator of the Quran and the link with the Imam in his thought is seen as the link with the Quran. But the position of knowing the Imam in his mind is intuitive, non-acquirable, and to develop it, inner purity is necessary. Bara'ati believes that God is manifested by a mediator and that the main and important mediator is the existence of the Imam. If there is no divine argument, the earth will rage because of human sin; When the last divine authority leaves the earth, the world will be shaken and the manifestation of God will be immediate and the resurrection will begin. Manuscript profile

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86 - An interpretive look at the example of the atom of Asmaullah from the perspective of Shiites and Sunnis
Seyed Rasoul Sajadi Nasab Mohammad Reza Aboei Ahmad Sadeghian

In this article, an attempt has been made to clarify the main view of Muslim commentators on the meaning of the atom of divine names by examining the interpretations of Shiites and Sunnis, and analyzing the contents. Based on the findings of this study, which has been d More

In this article, an attempt has been made to clarify the main view of Muslim commentators on the meaning of the atom of divine names by examining the interpretations of Shiites and Sunnis, and analyzing the contents. Based on the findings of this study, which has been done by analytical and descriptive methods and with a case study of interpretations, it became clear that according to Shiite commentators, the Prophet and the Ahl al-Bayt () are examples of the fullness of divine names and there are several reasons for this. Shiite interpretations have been made especially by the infallibles (). But according to the Sunnis, the consensus of the commentators is definite only on the person of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) and they seem to believe that after the Prophet Khatam (pbuh), there are other divine prophets in terms of spiritual status and they do not consider anyone to have priority over the prophets; But in some of their important interpretations, Abu Bakr has been introduced as the same rank and rank of the Prophet. In addition, narrations and materials can be found in their commentaries that indicate the rivalry of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali () and in a few cases, indicate the rivalry of competence with the Holy Prophet (1). Therefore, it is not possible to comment on the belief of Sunni commentators in the example of the atom of divine names. Manuscript profile

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87 - The intellectual axes of the Sepidjamgan movement
Maryam Sadat Aqamiri Katayun Mazdapour

After the revolt of Abu Muslim, another uprising against the Tazians broke out, which became known as the Sepid Jamgan movement. The Sepidjamgan movement is considered one of the religious, political and social movements of the Iranians in the second century AH. Despite More

After the revolt of Abu Muslim, another uprising against the Tazians broke out, which became known as the Sepid Jamgan movement. The Sepidjamgan movement is considered one of the religious, political and social movements of the Iranians in the second century AH. Despite the many sources available about this movement, there is still a lot of ignorance; Because most sources have spoken of them with anger, resentment and enmity. Therefore, most of our knowledge is related to the movement of the Sepidjamgan movement and the apparent life of its leader, and we do not have much information about their thoughts and ideas. Also, despite the contradictions seen in the sources, it is difficult to understand their opinions. But one can assume that their beliefs are a mixture of Manichaean, Mazdakian and even Shiite grains. Manuscript profile

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88 - The performance of Bahmani Kings in the expansion of Iranian culture and literature ( influence of Shiism religion)
nasrin asgari Mahmoud Seyyed fayyaz zahed

Bahmani government (934-748 AH) was the first independent Muslim government that was formed in South India. The founder of this dynasty was Aladdin Hasan Kangu or Bahman Shah (748-759). Eighteen members of this dynasty ruled the Deccan, the capital of eight of them was More

Bahmani government (934-748 AH) was the first independent Muslim government that was formed in South India. The founder of this dynasty was Aladdin Hasan Kangu or Bahman Shah (748-759). Eighteen members of this dynasty ruled the Deccan, the capital of eight of them was Hasan Abad Gulbargeh, and the capital of the other sultans of this dynasty was Muhammad Abad Bidar. The unhesitating support of the kings of this dynasty from the Iranians and the Sadats of Iraq, Mecca and Medina caused a large group of these immigrants to consider the Deccan land as their best refuge and shelter, and migrate individually and in groups to the Bahmani territory. The present study aims to answer the question of what was the performance of the Bahmani kings in the expansion of Iranian culture and literature by using the historical research method which is based on description and analysis, emphasizing the role of Iranian Shiite immigrants to this region and also investigate the causes of Shiite migration to the Bahmani court? The findings of the present research show that the Deccan Peninsula has always been a suitable platform for migration with its climatic conditions and favorable economic situation. The support of the kings of this dynasty to Shiite immigrants who migrated from Iran and Arab lands to the Deccan led to the expansion of the Shiite religion, the expansion of political relations, and finally the spread of Iranian polite culture and the spread of Persian language in Daccan. Manuscript profile

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89 - US,, Identity challenges and failed state in Iraq (2020-2003)
Behnam Sarkheil

The great powers, such as the US, seek to advance their policies in the region, especially in key countries such as Iraq, by influencing the components of power. This is while the political situation after the formation of the new Iraq (2003-2020) has developed in such More

The great powers, such as the US, seek to advance their policies in the region, especially in key countries such as Iraq, by influencing the components of power. This is while the political situation after the formation of the new Iraq (2003-2020) has developed in such a way that the currents of identity have enjoyed a growing role and Challenges arising from identity rivalries have acted in a variety of forms such as state-building or even disrupting political stability. However, recognizing the role and position of identity currents and how to identify them in a situation where there is virtually no clear vision for a US presence in the region has become doubly important.The present article examines the role of identity currents in Iraq in a descriptive-analytical manner and in the framework of Rosena Chaos Theory and it answers the question, what strategy has the United States prioritized over the nation-state in Iraq, given the intermediate variables of identity currents? Hypothesis: The United States, understanding the growing role of identity movements, has sought to undermine existing structures in Iraq by shaping a set of identity challenges and creating socio-political irregularities. Paved the way for the realization of the model of a failed state and provided the conditions for the continuation of its interventions in Iraq. Findings: Utilizing soft power such as media and virtual tools to create political, economic, and social destabilization (such as riots and street protests) is part of the strategy of a failed state in Iraq. Manuscript profile

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90 - Anatomy of Political Parties and Groups in Iraq and Their Impacts on the Relations between Iran and Iraq
Mohammad Sohrabi Amrollah Ashrafi Morteza Karimi

Abstract The main aim of this paper is to examine the most important and influential cultural-political parties and groups in Iraq. Iraq is a country that has historically suffered from ethnic diversity and always have been met dominated by one ethnicity or religion, A More

Abstract The main aim of this paper is to examine the most important and influential cultural-political parties and groups in Iraq. Iraq is a country that has historically suffered from ethnic diversity and always have been met dominated by one ethnicity or religion, Arabs or Kurds, or Sunnis and Shiites. These parties have played important roles in foreign policy, especially in relation to Iran and drawn. Shiites and Kurds in Baghdad's power structure, remove the Baathist regime vengeful, Changing approach from "Arabia- Sunni" to "Arabia-Kurdish-Shia" in Iraqi politics, emerging opportunities in the country in the national interest of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The question now is this cultural and political groups in the Iraqi political scene today that has the greatest impact on the state and the country domestic and foreign policy, what are they? Which of these trends will have the greatest impact on relations between Iran and Iraq and in order to align Iraqi foreign policy and regional politics with Iran? Authors assumed on that Shiite and Kurdish groups have most influence on the Iraqi government and foreign and internal policy, these political and cultural currents, constitute the majority in the country and have had the greatest impact on relations between Iraq and Iran. Coalition of these two groups involved with ISIS and other Sunni Arab neighbours would be the strongest factor in Iraq's foreign policy and regional alignment. The exclusion of any of the parties to the irreversible consequences will follow. Manuscript profile

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91 - Contextualization of the Sunni Crescent; Iran's Strategy to Balance Religious Unilateralism in the Shiite Crescent
Mansour Anbarmou

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92 - A Review of Women´s Rights of Citizenship with Emphasis on Shiite Jurisprudential Teachings
Vali Allah Safari Mohammad Reza Ayati Asghar Arabian

AbstractTo include women for citizenship rights is an important matter and it has been a subject of serious discussions in various schools. In the present research, after gathering related and relevant data from jurisprudential texts, Islamic approach to the women&acute More

AbstractTo include women for citizenship rights is an important matter and it has been a subject of serious discussions in various schools. In the present research, after gathering related and relevant data from jurisprudential texts, Islamic approach to the women´s rights of citizenship were explored and analyzed. The results showed that, in Islam, the women´s rights of citizenship are of three aspects including primary rights, social rights and marital rights. Also, positive discrimination in favor of women is one of the social policymaking methods in Islamic Teachings as a solution for compensation for discriminative behaviors and realization of the women´s rights of citizenship. Ambiguities ascribed to Shiite jurisprudential approach regarding equal rights to women and men results from the fact that many humanistic schools don’t believe in distinctions between the similarities between women´s and men´s rights and the equality of those rights. This point can be analyzed in various issues such as heritage, punishment, testimony, divorce, judgment, and authority. Due to superiority of Islamic approach, in developing the women´s rights of citizenship its teachings can be followed and introduced as a model for legal schools.Keywords: rights of citizenship, women, Islam, Shiite jurisprudence, Quran Manuscript profile

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93 - Designing a model of political management and good governance based on the Islamic perspective in the era of absence (Using the foundation data method)
alireza dadashijokandan Mohammad Taghipour masomeh yousefi ghasabsaraei amirhossein ghavami

Objective: The history of governance and legal-political thought in Islamic societies, which is rooted in the special social nature of Islamic rules, is one of the most important components influencing the political life and tradition of governance and state-building in More

Objective: The history of governance and legal-political thought in Islamic societies, which is rooted in the special social nature of Islamic rules, is one of the most important components influencing the political life and tradition of governance and state-building in these countries, which is not negligible. The main purpose of this research is to design a model of management and governance based on Islam in the age of absence.Method: The present study has a qualitative approach and the data theory of the foundation has been used as the research method.Findings and Conclusion: By analyzing the data obtained from 68 articles; 636 open source, 167 concepts and 25 categories were obtained. سیاسی Monotheism-based political substitution in the age of absence as a central category; Conditions for social excellence and religious democracy, strengthening the internal unity of Islam, emphasizing humanization and the use of the educational system, civilization, implementation of government; Interfering conditions include political power-centeredness and independence-seeking, individual and group characteristics of agents; Underlying factors include legality, transparency, accountability, corruption control, effectiveness and efficiency, accountability; Strategies include smart and modern structuring, social justice, moderation, anti-arrogance and protection of the oppressed, expansion of social freedom, service; Consequences include good governance, political stability and social and economic security, economic progress and the pursuit of national interests, divine satisfaction and closeness, and the restoration and preservation of human dignity. Manuscript profile

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94 - Beginning of Im§m AlÊ (PBUH) Caliphate: Retrieving and Authentication of Al-Ya’qåbÊ’s Narrations
Somayeh Amin Roaya Jazeh

Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi, written by Ahmad ibn Abi Ya’qub (d. 284 AH), is one of the general histories that has been compiled in a combined method; that is it presents a whole coherent account of a historical event by removing the chain of narrator as well as integrating sever More

Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi, written by Ahmad ibn Abi Ya’qub (d. 284 AH), is one of the general histories that has been compiled in a combined method; that is it presents a whole coherent account of a historical event by removing the chain of narrator as well as integrating several records of a same event. There are some factors in Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi that make it necessary to retrieve its resources as well as authentication of its narrations: the removal of the chain of narrator, the inconsistency of some reports with the accounts of other well-known contemporary resources (Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra by Ibn-Sa’d, Tarikh Khalifa Khayyat Ibn Qutaybah’s, Al-Imamah Wa al Siyasah, etc) as well as subsequent authentic (Al- Fotuh Ibn- A’tham, Al-Isti’ab by Ibn Abd Al-Barr, Sharh Nahj Al- Balaghah by Ibn Abi Al-Hadid, etc) and specifically including unheard and Shiite narrations. The main questions of this research include: What are the sources of Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi? Are they sufficiently credible? And most importantly, what was Al-Ya’qubi’s criteria in authenticating the narrations? According to the research findings, although Al-Ya’qubi’s accounts on The year, month and day of Uthman, The first to pledge allegiance (Talha), etc are valid and in line with other sources, his history -influenced by his Shiite attitudes or other unknown factors- sometimes includes different and rare accounts as allegiance of all people by Ali except three people Quraysh, The role of five representatives of Ansar in allegiance by Ali, etc, the resource of which is not known. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

95 - Examining the verdict of simulation therapy from the point of view of Shia and Hanafi jurisprudents
sayed askari Hosseini Moghadam alireza safari عباس عرب خزائلی Sayed Ali Hashmi Khan Abbasi

Among the evolving human achievements are therapeutic simulation and the technique of obtaining stem cells from the embryo. In this technology, embryos are created in the laboratory to use the stem cells of those embryos to treat diseases. In the meantime, obtaining ste More

Among the evolving human achievements are therapeutic simulation and the technique of obtaining stem cells from the embryo. In this technology, embryos are created in the laboratory to use the stem cells of those embryos to treat diseases. In the meantime, obtaining stem cells from laboratory embryos, which is the basis of therapeutic simulation, is desirable in Islamic jurisprudence for some and rejected by others. Accordingly, in this study, we intend to use the Islamic rules in a comparative comparison to analyze and analyze therapeutic simulation in terms of the jurisprudence of Islamic religions. The research method of this article is descriptive analysis. Research information has also been collected in a library. Findings show that famous Shiite and Sunni jurists agree in this regard and consider the use of this treatment technique as a step towards a deeper understanding of the hidden traditions of the universe and based on the principle of immorality and permission, accept it according to the principles. And they consider the claim of impermissibility to be justified. Manuscript profile

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