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        1 - The religious policy of Karim Khan Zand
        Seyedeh Safia Mortazavi shokoh hashemi fizollah boshasb
        The period of Karim Khan Zand's rule is a short rest and stablishment in the post-Safavid era. He clearly showed his Shiite tendencies but made no attempt to revive the religious organization of the Safavid era. during which the situation of Shia scholars has improved g More
        The period of Karim Khan Zand's rule is a short rest and stablishment in the post-Safavid era. He clearly showed his Shiite tendencies but made no attempt to revive the religious organization of the Safavid era. during which the situation of Shia scholars has improved greatly. There was a great deal of respect for religious rites and places, but the Shia scholars still lacked political power, despite their superiority over the Afshar period. The centralization of the Zandian in Shiraz led to local clerics being given limited social duties, and Sheikh al-Salam was appointed in Shiraz and once again took over the religious courts. Mosques and religious sites, including the Vackil mosque were built and the Shi'ite nature was preserved. The main feature of Zend's rule was tolerance. Karim Khan Zand, although a Shiite, but tolerated other religions. During his era, followers of other religions were treated with tolerance. Some of the Shiite scholars who lived in the High Atatib returned to Iran in the light of this tolerance and security. Coinage in the name of Imam Asr and special attention to the mourning ritual of Imam Hussein in the month of Muharram , indicate his devotion to Shiite religion. This article seeks to examine the religious policy of Karim Khan Zand through a descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - The Role of Lor’s (Lor ethnicity) in Strengthening the National Identity in the Pahlavi Era with an Emphasis on the Component of Shiism
        Aziz Farhadi سید عطاء الله سینایی Hamid Ahmadi
        Different human groups live in Iran, of which Lors are one of the main groups that make up its population. The Lors are in three groups, nomadic, rural and urban, following the Alawi and Twelve Imam Shias. In addition to having an important role in the stability of the More
        Different human groups live in Iran, of which Lors are one of the main groups that make up its population. The Lors are in three groups, nomadic, rural and urban, following the Alawi and Twelve Imam Shias. In addition to having an important role in the stability of the bond between them, this religion has been the factor of their integration and convergence with other compatriots. Islam and Shiism are one of the basic elements of the national identity that influence the individual and social lives of Iranian people. They play a significant role in the emergence of values, ideals, norms, customs, in the identification of people, national solidarity, in social, cultural and political structures. By using symbols of belief in Imam Ali's guardianship, ijtihad, authority, rituals, religious rituals, ethnic and national religious celebrities, they have played a major role in strengthening Iran's national identity. This research is analytical-descriptive in terms of its fundamental purpose, in terms of method, and the required data have been collected by library, documentary and electronic study methods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Ethnicity, religion and participation forms among Shia and Sunni kordish followers in Kermanshah cit
        fariba mowghofehi alireza mohsenitabrizi
        The present article investigated the ethnicity, religion and participation forms among Shia and Sunni Kurdish followers of Kermanshah city in 2017. Through survey research method and according to the statistical rules for determining the sample group, 384 Shia and Sunni More
        The present article investigated the ethnicity, religion and participation forms among Shia and Sunni Kurdish followers of Kermanshah city in 2017. Through survey research method and according to the statistical rules for determining the sample group, 384 Shia and Sunni Kurdish religious people were chosen in stratified ratio sampling way as the sample case of study. The data was collected through researcher-made questionnaire consisting of items with 5 Likert scales which had 0.95 approval reliability and accepted contents validity. The Lerner, Eisen and Fieshbine-Homans and also Moseni Tabrizi teories were applied to codify research`s theoretical framework for the variables. The obtained results revealed that the status of participation forms among Kurdish people in Kermanshah was 5.62 percent. The results of independent t-test also proved that Shia Kurdish followers had higher levels of psychological, cultural and political participation. But, Sunni religious followers, in contrast to Shia followers, had upper level of economical and social participation.             Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - The Role of the Institution of Shia Authority and Clergy in the Constitutionalist Discourse of Iran
        mohammad Bidgoli صادق زیبا کلام
        In spite of the foundational foundations of religion and state, with the advent of the Safavid dynasty as the first national government in Iran that led to the interconnection of religion and state, the foundations of the monarchy enjoyed religious legitimacy, and the c More
        In spite of the foundational foundations of religion and state, with the advent of the Safavid dynasty as the first national government in Iran that led to the interconnection of religion and state, the foundations of the monarchy enjoyed religious legitimacy, and the clerics and scholars of Shia also play a fundamental role in promoting the Shia culture , The foundation for the practice of Shia jurisprudential laws and regulations, the restoration of good faith and the prohibition of denial, the provision of public goods and the defense of the rights of the people, and finally the deepening and expansion of scientific discussions in all major Islamic and Islamic civilizations; Where the clergy could become the political force by establishing the authority of authority. Despite the tensions of this religion and the monarchy, this political force, with the origin of legitimacy from monarchy to Qajar period, continued its work in the public-political sphere of Iran, but with the constitutional revolution and the active role played by it, it was revisited in the discourse of Islamic renewal By providing a revolutionary modernization, alone, by creating a challenge to the royal system in the next Iranian revolution and in the form of a discourse returning to Islamic self. The present article gives an overview of the role of Shiite authority and clerics in the constitutionalist discourse of Iran through the documentary method. Manuscript profile