Self-Knowledge

Open Access Article

1 - Bilan de CompÃ©tences: A Program for Increasing Personnel Self-knowledge and Social Self-efficacy in Iran Khodro Company
afshin robati annick durand-delvigne francis danvers

The aim of the study was to investigate bilan de compétences (identification of competencies) effectiveness on self-knowledge and social self-efficacy in personnel of Iran Khodro Company. This study was a semi-experimental research wich employed pretest and posttest More

The aim of the study was to investigate bilan de compétences (identification of competencies) effectiveness on self-knowledge and social self-efficacy in personnel of Iran Khodro Company. This study was a semi-experimental research wich employed pretest and posttest with control group design. The research sample consisted of 62 workers of montage line, 32 individuals in experimental group and 30 individuals in control group from personnel of Iran Khodro factory that were selected by random sampling method. The research tools included Self-knowledge Scale (Gaudron, Bernaud & Lemoine, 2001), Social Self-efficacy Scale (Smith & Betz, 2000) and Bilan de Compétences (France’s Labour Law, 1991). After administering both scales at the pretest stage, the intervention program was applied and following the program the same scales were applied again at the posttest stage. Data were analyzed by covariance analysis. The research results indicated that self-knowledge and it`s subscales as well as social self-efficacy had significant increases in the posttest (P < 0.01). According to the results, despite socio-cultural and economic differences among countries bilan de compétences is also effective in Iran. It is, therefore, recommended that organizations and industrial centers use this program to increase their personnel self-knowledge and social self-efficacy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - 'Ayn ul-Quzzāt Hamidānīs view on Unity Of Being
Morteza Shajari

Unity of Being as a doctrine that says no other entity unless God can be described by Being, has been scattered all over the writings on Ayn ul-Quzzat. In Commenting this Quranic verse: "How! Are they still in doubt about the meeting with their Lord? Lo! Is not He surro More

Unity of Being as a doctrine that says no other entity unless God can be described by Being, has been scattered all over the writings on Ayn ul-Quzzat. In Commenting this Quranic verse: "How! Are they still in doubt about the meeting with their Lord? Lo! Is not He surrounding all things?" (Quran; 41:54) he describe those who are in doubt about the meeting with the Lord, as blind. The blind men are who can not see God's sovereign encompassment over all existents including His Being, because in doing so, can undoubtedly observe that they, themselves, are among the numerous Divine manifestations. For him, God by His sovereign encompassment over the manifestations can be regarded both as centre and periphery. Therefore, God possesses Being truly not like the creatures that are of it metaphorically. They, i. e. creatures, are the various modes of the Unitary Being that from time to time, Hamadani calls them as temporal advents. God is eternal, to say, He is beyond the time, so that one can say as in the beginningless eternity God existed with no other thing accompanied Him, He exists in the present time and will exist in the endless eternity, too. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - A Comparative Study of Self-knowledge and Self-awareness From the Perspective of Ibn Al- Arabi and Jung
Fatemeh Mahmudi Hadi Vakili Mohammadtaghi Fa’aali

10.2234/erfan.2023.706035

The issue of self-knowledge has a special place in the humanities, especially mysticism and psychology. The conventional interpretation of knowledge of self in mysticism is self-knowledge, and in psychology, especially analytical psychology, is self-awareness. It seems More

The issue of self-knowledge has a special place in the humanities, especially mysticism and psychology. The conventional interpretation of knowledge of self in mysticism is self-knowledge, and in psychology, especially analytical psychology, is self-awareness. It seems that, the apparent differences between the two terms, the two concepts can be examined from a comparative perspective. In this paper Ibn al-Arabi is selected as representing Islamic mysticism and Jung as representing analytical psychology. Ibn al-Arabi uses concepts such as the cultivation of the self, contemplation and thought for self-knowledge, and Jung examines self-awareness through research in the unconscious, the analysis of dreams and meditation. These two perspectives are similar in some ways, such as the recognition of the self as well as the recognition of the self and the possibility of self-knowledge through inner consciousness. At the same time, Jung regards the analysis of dreams as one of the ways of self-awareness, but unlike Ibn al-Arabi for self-knowledge of self-cultivation, cognizability and uncognizability are possible. In sum, Ibn al-Arabi's mystical tradition has come close to contemporary psychological perspectives on his understanding. This article is based on library studies and comparative method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Mystical analysis of self-knowledge in in Attar Neishabouris Mantiq al-Tair
Seyeddeh Pargol Shamsi Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour Ali Fathollahi

Self-knowledge is one of the most important human needs; Different schools have dealt with it in some way. In Islamic mysticism, special attention has been paid to this issue; According to mystics, man reaches growth and perfection in the light of self-knowledge and ach More

Self-knowledge is one of the most important human needs; Different schools have dealt with it in some way. In Islamic mysticism, special attention has been paid to this issue; According to mystics, man reaches growth and perfection in the light of self-knowledge and achieving knowledge of God is possible only through self-knowledge. Attar Neyshabouri is one of the thinkers who tried to make self-knowledge the theme of literary-mystical works put yourself. Understanding the view of this Muslim mystic on the subject of self-knowledge can, on the one hand, pave the way for further research in this field, on the other hand, provide appropriate answers to the questions raised in this field. This study has examined the category of "self-knowledge" from the perspective of the great Muslim mystic, Attar Neyshabouri, in the Mantiq al-Tair; for this study, a descriptive method with content analysis has been adopted. The library method was used to collect information. Descriptive methods and rational reasoning have been used to analyze the findings. First, a brief review of the book Mantiq al-Tair and the importance and place of self-knowledge in this work has been done. The reciprocity of man and God, the essence of matter and the way to deal with it are discussed in the logic of the bird. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Self-knowledge: Necessity and Means of Achievement From Allameh Tabatabaei’s Viewpoint
Akram Rezaii Maryam Bakhtyar Seyed Jasem Pajouhandeh

“Self-knowledge” is a kind of introspection and deliberation in the existence of self for recognizing the inner talents, desires and aspirations, and ultimately for achieving one’s true perfection. The aim of self-knowledge is the recognition of the tr More

“Self-knowledge” is a kind of introspection and deliberation in the existence of self for recognizing the inner talents, desires and aspirations, and ultimately for achieving one’s true perfection. The aim of self-knowledge is the recognition of the true and celestial “self” of the human being, which is an immaterial, fixed, and remaining truth in all states and effects, in such a way that the human being does not need any proof or reasoning to prove it within themselves and he/she witnesses it with intuitive knowledge. Many scholars have had speeches about elaborating on this important subject in various epistemic areas, but the theory and attitude of mystic Allameh Tabatabaei in this respect (self-knowledge) are very precise and rich. This paper aims to achieve the above-mentioned subject through a descriptive-analytic way in his works. In this paper, we have achieved the following results: He believes that in order to enter and reach this path, one must use religious ways mentioned in religious sources such as self-judgment, meditation, silence, hunger, solitude, night vigil and so on in addition to diligence in worship. This way, because of self-attention gradually the four worlds of monotheism of actions, monotheism of attributes, monotheism of names and at the end monotheism in essence, will be revealed to the mystic. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Relationship between basic psychological needs and self-Knowledge with preferred teaching style by mediation role of critical thinking skills of primary school teachers
samira pasbar maryam sameri

Target of research was to Study Relationship between basic psychological needs and self-Knowledge with preferred teaching style by mediation role of critical thinking skills in primary school teachers in Urmia. The research was correlational. The population was primary More

Target of research was to Study Relationship between basic psychological needs and self-Knowledge with preferred teaching style by mediation role of critical thinking skills in primary school teachers in Urmia. The research was correlational. The population was primary school teachers In area 1 of Urmia education in the academic year of 2016-2017 (1570 persons). A sample of randomly stratified by gender, with 310 Morgan table was set. Data were collected using questionnaires, Basic psychological needs (Guardia, Deci and Ryan, 2000), Self-consistency (Ghorbani, Watson and Hargys, 2008), Preferred teaching style (Mousapour, 1998) and Short form of critical thinking skills (Watson and Glaser, 1980) obtained and with software SPSS, and with Pearson correlation test and Sobel test were analyzed. Results showed Basic psychological needs with preferred teaching style negative relationship; Self-Knowledge with preferred teaching style positive relationship have but Basic psychological needs, Self-Knowledge and the preferred teaching style with Critical thinking skills, there was no relationship. Among Basic psychological needs and Self-Knowledge with preferred teaching style by mediation Critical thinking skills there was no relationship. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - A study of the relationship between managers’ self-knowledge and their applying conflict management styles in high schools in Bojnord
mahnaz nistani baratali monfaredi

The main responsibility of managers is to maintain an environment in which people can work together and achieve the predetermined goals. To do this, managers should study the effect of their habits and tendencies on other so that they can omit the ones that may have a n More

The main responsibility of managers is to maintain an environment in which people can work together and achieve the predetermined goals. To do this, managers should study the effect of their habits and tendencies on other so that they can omit the ones that may have a negative effect on people. Therefore, they should learn self-knowledge and have control over themselves(Knatez et. al , 1384). Knowing oneself has always been sought by human beings. The identification of needs, values, humane objectives and most important of all self-respect is important. To get to self-realization, which is our ultimate goal, the satisfaction of basic needs such as self-respect is necessary. At the same time, self-respect is one of the components of self-knowledge(Alipour, 1375) On the other hand, one of the issues arising out of human relationships is that of conflict. A manager’s responsibility is conflict management. Conflict, if effectively controlled, can reveal hidden organizational issues, improve the quality of decision making and leads to innovation within the organization. The present study investigates the relationship between managers’ self-knowledge and their applying conflict management styles in high schools in Bojnord. The statistical population are the high school managers and the sampling technique is randomized. The study is of survey type. It is a descriptive, correlational study. To gather data, Raj Kumar Sarsovat self-knowledge questionnaire and Rahim’s methods of dealing with conflict were employed. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics(frequency and percentive) and inferential statistics(chi-square) were employed. Cronbach alpha formula was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between managers’ self-knowledge and their applying conflict management styles at 99% confidence. There was also a relationship between self-knowledge and each of conflict management styles(cooperation, solution, competition, avoidance) at 95% percent of certainty. We found that those managers who use cooperation, solution styles have more self-awareness Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Knowledge of God and Self-Knowledge; The Influence of the Thoughts of Rūmī on Paulo Coelho's The Alchemist
Nāser Nāseri Tāzehshahri

According to his audience's ability to understand, Jalāl ad-Dīn Rūmī uses allegories and folk tales for expressing spiritual love and mysteries. He believes that folk tales are a means of transcendence for knowledge lovers. Rūmī tells the antecode of "a man of Baghdad a More

According to his audience's ability to understand, Jalāl ad-Dīn Rūmī uses allegories and folk tales for expressing spiritual love and mysteries. He believes that folk tales are a means of transcendence for knowledge lovers. Rūmī tells the antecode of "a man of Baghdad and the hidden treasure" to his disciples to interpret the famous hadith " whosoever knows himself knows his Lord". The story inspired the famous Brazilian writer, Paulo Coelho who wrote The Alchemist and became well-known all over the world. By using descriptive-analytical method, the present article deals with the question to what extent has Coelho been influenced by Rumi's mystical thoughts on the subjects of knowledge of God and self-knowledge? The result of the study shows that Rumi's mystical thoughts about unity of Being, manifestation of the Truth, softness of heart, the hidden treasure and divine knowledge, the language of love, the old wise man, cast a shadow over the whole story of The Alchemist. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Obstacles Preventing to Attain Perfection In Masnavi
محمدعلی خالدیان

  In order to attain recognition and perfection, Gnostics and the followers of the Truth have made some suggestions to their disciples such an self-discipline and purification, as well as some preventive factors not to be followed by the disciples. As one of the More

  In order to attain recognition and perfection, Gnostics and the followers of the Truth have made some suggestions to their disciples such an self-discipline and purification, as well as some preventive factors not to be followed by the disciples. As one of the most distinguished Gnostics of the 7th century (A.D), Molānā Jalal Al-Din, in his Masnavi suggests some effective ways to the disciples to be followed, which lead them to perfection. He also introduces the obstacles which prevent the holy traveler (Sālek) from attaining to perfection. The obstacles may be classified as follows: Corporal and worldly attachments such as wealth, appetite, carnal desire etc. Ego-centric thoughts such as pride, envy, boasting etc. By recognizing these obstacles, the holy traveler (Sālek) can reach the peak of perfection. The factors mentioned will be discussed in the present essay.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Annihilation (Fanā) and Self-Knowledge in Ībn Arabī's Thoughts
مرتضی شجاری

  According to Ībn Arabī, annihilation (Fanā) in God is an ontological point of view; there is nothing except God and all things are mortal. The holy traveller (sālek), in the end of his/her travel, annihilates in God; there is only one truth, that is God, and all More

  According to Ībn Arabī, annihilation (Fanā) in God is an ontological point of view; there is nothing except God and all things are mortal. The holy traveller (sālek), in the end of his/her travel, annihilates in God; there is only one truth, that is God, and all things are figurative beings. Based on a prophetic parol (Hadith), "he who knows himself, knows his Lord". The persent article tries to study the relationship between annihilation (Fanā) and self-knowledge in Ībn Arabī's thoughts.       Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - The Comparison of Object Relations and Integrative Self-Knowledge Components in Cohabitation and Official Marriage
Mohammad Ahmadvand Shahverdi Farideh Ramezani Moghadam Arani

This study aimed to compare the Object Relations and Integrative Self-knowledge between officially married couples and cohab- itants. The statistical population of this causal-comparative study included all officially married and cohabitant couples between 18 to 40 year More

This study aimed to compare the Object Relations and Integrative Self-knowledge between officially married couples and cohab- itants. The statistical population of this causal-comparative study included all officially married and cohabitant couples between 18 to 40 years old living in Iran in 2021. 120 men and women were selected by convenience sampling method and filled out Bell Object Relations Inventory (Bell, 2007) and Integrative Self-knowledge Scale (Ghorbani, Watson & Harges, 2008). To analyze the data of this study, multivariate analysis of variance was applied. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in Object Relations and Integrative Self-knowledge components between cohabitants and officially married couples. Findings of this study can contribute to better psychological understanding of this emerging phenomenon in the transitional society of Iran, resolve partly the basic contradictions in the results of recent researches and open new horizons for future studies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Investigating the effectiveness of self-knowledge training on self-knowledge in the Telegram social network
Iran Sadeghi

In the current situation, the need for basic education about humans is felt more. It seems that science and technology have surpassed the knowledge required by man, and that is why the life of man has now multiplied with the development of technology, while his self-awa More

In the current situation, the need for basic education about humans is felt more. It seems that science and technology have surpassed the knowledge required by man, and that is why the life of man has now multiplied with the development of technology, while his self-awareness is weak, and until this awareness is not formed in him, day by day, he will become a kind of himself. He falls away and this feeling of alienation threatens his health, so the purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of self-knowledge training on self-knowledge in the Telegram social network. The research method was carried out as a quasi-experiment in the form of pre-test and post-test. 30 samples were selected as available and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups In the experimental group, self-awareness training was done for four months, and the control group did not receive any training. The instrument measured in this research was the Self-Knowledge Scale (ISKS) and with the Mankova test, the results indicated that self-knowledge training had a significant difference on self-knowledge and mental health in the two experimental groups and the control group, and finally, self-knowledge training was significantly effective on health. Is. In addition, self-awareness training had a significant effect on each and every component of self-awareness and mental health components. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Designing and compiling a self-awareness training model based on emotions, defense mechanisms and anxiety
Davood Manavipoor Nasrin Shadmanfar

The present study was conducted with the aim of modeling self-knowledge education based on emotions, defense mechanisms and anxiety. 345 students were selected by available sampling method and responded to researcher-made emotion scales (1397), Gholami anxiety scale (13 More

The present study was conducted with the aim of modeling self-knowledge education based on emotions, defense mechanisms and anxiety. 345 students were selected by available sampling method and responded to researcher-made emotion scales (1397), Gholami anxiety scale (1395), defense mechanism scale of Arnold et al. DSQ (1996). The research data was analyzed using structural equation method. The results showed that the coefficient of significance between emotions and self-knowledge was 47.54 and this value shows that emotions have a positive, direct and significant effect on self-knowledge and the coefficient of significance between defense mechanism and self-knowledge is 112.33 and this value also shows that the defense mechanism has a positive, direct and significant effect on self-knowledge. Also, a significant coefficient between anxiety and self-knowledge was obtained at 0.45, and this value shows that anxiety does not have a significant effect on self-knowledge. The findings showed that the fit indices of the modified model are optimal and acceptable. The index of the ratio of chi square to the degree of freedom is equal to (2.68) and indicates the fit of the model. The square root index of the mean error of approximation (RMSEA) is equal to (0.08), which, due to the low level of this index, means the suitability of the model. The goodness of fit index (GFI) is equal to (0.97), the normalized fit index (NFI) is equal to (0.99) and the comparative fit index (CFI) is equal to (0.98), which all indicate the desirability of the model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Predicting model of marital conflict based on self-knowledge, love mediated by emotional intelligence
iran sadeghi afshin Salahian mahdieh salehi

10.30495/hpsbjourna.2022.1968937.1129

With the aim of family health and reducing marital conflicts, this study investigated the model of predicting marital conflicts based on self-knowledge, love and mediated by emotional intelligence. 133 men) were selected. The instruments used to collect information were More

With the aim of family health and reducing marital conflicts, this study investigated the model of predicting marital conflicts based on self-knowledge, love and mediated by emotional intelligence. 133 men) were selected. The instruments used to collect information were Sanaei et al. (2017) Marital Conflict Questionnaire, Ghorbani et al. (2008), Sternberg Love Questionnaire (1986), and Siberia Schering Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Mansouri, 2001). After collection, survey data were analyzed using SMART.PLS software and structural equation modeling without subscale. Findings indicate that the variables of self-knowledge, love could justify the variance of emotional intelligence with a value of 47/2% and these two variables along with the mediator variable were able to predict the variance of marital conflicts with a value of 62/8%, as well as the mediating role of intelligence Emotion was meaningful in both directions. The results showed that the model of predicting marital conflicts based on self-knowledge, love mediated by emotional intelligence has a favorable fit. According to the results of this study, it is recommended to develop an accurate educational-therapeutic protocol for couples with the aim of reducing marital conflicts and increasing community health. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Self-knowledge from the Perspective of the Holy Quran
Seyedeh Pargol Shamsi Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour Ali Fathollahi

One of the important needs of human beings is the need to know themselves as they can achieve true growth and perfection through the attainment of this knowledge. Different individuals and schools in this field have theorized that Holy Quran is the most complete divine More

One of the important needs of human beings is the need to know themselves as they can achieve true growth and perfection through the attainment of this knowledge. Different individuals and schools in this field have theorized that Holy Quran is the most complete divine book and the best resource book on self-knowledge. The purpose of this study is to examine self-knowledge from the perspective of the Holy Qur'an". The research method of the study is descriptive and includes content analysis. Library method has been used to collect the data of the study. Data analysis has been done through descriptive analyses and rational reasoning. This research has discussed issues such as the view of the Holy Quran on self-knowledge, the relationship between self-knowledge and the knowledge of God, the dimensions of human existence, the effects of self-knowledge, the levels of the soul, and the privileges and weaknesses of human beings. According to the findings of this study, Qur'an has stresses self-knowledge. From the perspective of the Holy Quran, one of the two ways of knowing God is self-knowledge. Man has privileges and weaknesses due to his two-dimensional nature. The Holy Qur'an has expressed these strengths and weaknesses for human beings in order to help them on their way to achieve self-knowledge. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - An Analysis of the Relationship between Managers' Self-knowledge and Organizational Health and Maturity In the Department of Education
Maryam Taghvaee Yazdi

The present study is an analysis of the relationship between managers' self-knowledge and organizational health and maturity in the education department of district one of Sari. The research could be considered a descriptive correlation in terms of data collection metho More

The present study is an analysis of the relationship between managers' self-knowledge and organizational health and maturity in the education department of district one of Sari. The research could be considered a descriptive correlation in terms of data collection method and practical in purpose. The statistical population( 190 people), includes all the managers of the three education levels in Sari, District 1, and the statistical sample size according to Krejcie and Morgan table was 127 people. In this study, stratified random sampling method considering the gender was used. For data collection,  two methods were used: library method and field method. Three standard questionnaires of self-knowledge were used by David Watten and Kim Cameron (1991), Organizational Health (OHI‌), Hui et al. (1996) and Spiders (2007) organizational maturity were applied for the research tool. The validity of the tools was confirmed by experts and specialists. Based on Cronbach's alpha test of self-knowledge, the reliability of the questionnaires was estimated 0.87; organizational health was 0.91 and organizational maturity was 0.65. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean, variance, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation test and multiple regression test) were used using SPSS software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between managers' self-knowledge and the components of organizational health (institutional unity, manager influence, consideration, constructiveness, resource support, morale, scientific emphasis) and organizational maturity in the education department of District One. Manuscript profile

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