In the field of regional economics, the effects of industrial agglomeration are defined as the product efficiency derived by industrial interdependency and the firms are usually considered to be external economies in decision-making process. The aim of this paper is to More
In the field of regional economics, the effects of industrial agglomeration are defined as the product efficiency derived by industrial interdependency and the firms are usually considered to be external economies in decision-making process. The aim of this paper is to provide a model for new economic geography based on endogenous agglomeration theory of Krugman (1991) in Iranian markets. Hence, by estimating Solow generalized function, the effect of urbanization and industrial agglomeration is examined during 2000–2010 in Iran provinces. The results indicate that core-periphery theory is not correct in the provinces of Iran; so that spillover effects of outside market are significant and positive, while home market effect statically is not significant. So, developing the road transportation infrastructures and strengthening the markets linkages play a determinant role in the appearance of spillover effect of outside market and then on the growth of the provinces.
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Abstract
This study investigates the effects of economic and social variables on crimes in Iran by using provincial panel data during 2000-2010. Spatial econometrics is used to study the crime both in space and spillover effects in the model. Research findings suggest More
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of economic and social variables on crimes in Iran by using provincial panel data during 2000-2010. Spatial econometrics is used to study the crime both in space and spillover effects in the model. Research findings suggest that spillover effects caused led by the crimes in provinces are significant in the investigation period. Therefore, any change in crime rate will affect the province and the neighbors by the spillover effects or contagion across boundaries. Furthermore, the results indicate that economic variables of "Income and Industrialization index" and social variables of "Marriage to Divorce Ratio", "Urbanization Ratio" and "Population Increase" all have significant and important effects on the crime along the country.
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This paper investigates the impact of spatial aggregation of industrial activities on manufacturing industries productivity growth of Iran's provinces during 2004-2013, using cross-section data and dynamic pooled regression by Generalized Method of Moments (GM More
This paper investigates the impact of spatial aggregation of industrial activities on manufacturing industries productivity growth of Iran's provinces during 2004-2013, using cross-section data and dynamic pooled regression by Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). To measure industrial aggregation Ellison Glaeser (EG) index was used. The findings support the “Williamson hypothesis”, that is, aggregation of industrial activities has positive effect on productivity growth only up to a certain level of development. By improving infastructures and markets expand, congestion externalities vary in the development phases and it can result in more dispersion in economic activities. Namely, aggregation accumulates human and physical capital and this accelerates economic growth.
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Background & Objectives: The recombinant human IL-11 is the only approved medicine used for treating chemotherapy-induced side effects. Platelet count decreases (thrombocytopenia) in cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a platelet incr More
Background & Objectives: The recombinant human IL-11 is the only approved medicine used for treating chemotherapy-induced side effects. Platelet count decreases (thrombocytopenia) in cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a platelet increasing cytokine. This study aimed to use two shuttle vectors of pHT43 and pMR12 for cloning the IL-11 gene and expression of its protein in Bacillus. subtilis and the expression level in these two vectors was investigated.Materials & Methods: In this study, the IL-11 gene was designed and synthesized as a closed structure with two restriction sites for BamH1 and XbaI enzymes and a final length of 609 bp. Then the gene was cloned in two shuttle vectors of pHT43 and pMR12 and transferred to B. subtilis WB 600. The expression level of the recombinant IL-11 was evaluated with the Bradford incubation, the pMR12-int11-carrying bacteria expressed higher levels of the protein (75 µg/mL) than pHT43-int11-carrying bacteria.Results: The results of PCR indicated that the IL-11 gene existed in shuttle vectors pHT43 and pMR12. The expression of this protein was about 75 /g / mL using pMR12 vector, which is higher than the bacterium carrying pHT43-int11.Conclusion: The expression level of the recombinant IL-11 protein with pMR12 vector was higher than pHT43 vector. This amount has not been reported so far for IL-11. B. subtilis can express and produce IL-11 and can be used as a source for drug production
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