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Open Access Article
1 - A comparative study of the "polyphonic" component in contemporary Arabic and Persian novels with emphasis on Bakhtin's theories (Sooshun Simin Daneshvar- Miramar Najib Mahfouz)
Zohreh Dastpak saeid hamidian Farhad TahmasebiThe present research, using the opinions of Mikhail Bakhtin and especially the theory of polyphony, tries to comparatively analyze the discourses in the novels "Sushon" by Simin Daneshvar and "Miramar" by Najib Mahfouz and by using the descriptive-an MoreThe present research, using the opinions of Mikhail Bakhtin and especially the theory of polyphony, tries to comparatively analyze the discourses in the novels "Sushon" by Simin Daneshvar and "Miramar" by Najib Mahfouz and by using the descriptive-analytical method to reflect the polyphony in Pay these novels. The author evaluates these novels based on Bakhtin's conversational logic and the components in it, and in the meantime, the research has answered the question of how polyphony is represented in the selected novels. The results of the research show that in the above stories we witness polyphony, but the form and manner of expression of this polyphony are different and in each story factors such as: gender, social and economic structure, intellectual currents in the form of two poles of self-awareness and cultural alienation are involved. The results of polyphony are represented in the form of components more than other factors. Women often have the role of following the thought that is issued from the moral reference of the story, and they generally strengthen the polyphony in the story with a partial style. The social and economic structure, class conflict, and intellectual currents in the stories, each of them create the field of discourse diversity by creating two opposite poles as the other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - A comparative analysis of the story of the island from Ghazaleh Alizadeh and I am going by Jean Eshnoz from the point of view of Bakhtin's views.
Maryam Dibaj rezvan sadeghi ghahsarehIsland” by Ghavaleh Alizadeh, is the story of a one-day trip by a man and woman to the Ashūradeh island. This story is some form of a sequel and ending to her “Tehran’s Nights” novel. In this article and using Bakhtin’s polyphony components MoreIsland” by Ghavaleh Alizadeh, is the story of a one-day trip by a man and woman to the Ashūradeh island. This story is some form of a sequel and ending to her “Tehran’s Nights” novel. In this article and using Bakhtin’s polyphony components, we investigated the examples and their use in this story using a descriptive-analytical approach. We first aimed to answer the question regarding the components of polyphony and their use in this novel. To this end, we emphasized intertextuality, multilingualism, and conversational aspects. Afterwards, these components were analyzed in the story. Bakhtin found the true representation of "polyphony" in Dostoyevsky's works; Polyphony means the presence of several sounds. Every character in Dostoyevsky's works is a representation of a voice that represents an individual self - apart from others. Polyphonic thought to the concepts of "infinity" [ to the entry of the endless self in the same entry] and "self and other" is relevant; Because it is the infinity of people that creates real polyphony. The results of this article indicate that the story by Ms Alizadeh has been successful in avoiding singular ideas in its discourse and providing a suitable basis for different ideas and thoughts and different attitudes, leading to acceptance of others as a separate and independent awareness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Reflections of polyphonic narrative in the novel 'Confessions of a Silencer' by Mo΄nes al-Razzāz as a manifestation of postmodernism
Zahra Beheshti Shaker Amery Sadeq Askari Ahiakbar NoreseedehPolyphony is a technique that was proposed in novel and stories by Mikhail MikhailovichBakhtin and then by postmodernists. In Polyphony, multiple sounds of different characters are heard and the sound of main narrator of novel is forgotten. So there are some narrators i MorePolyphony is a technique that was proposed in novel and stories by Mikhail MikhailovichBakhtin and then by postmodernists. In Polyphony, multiple sounds of different characters are heard and the sound of main narrator of novel is forgotten. So there are some narrators in polyphony novels, and the common order of narrating story is not seen in such novels. We can say in such novels, different and even antithetic situations have special sounds. These sounds are placed between conversations of characters. Polyphony is one of the important properties of metanarrative. Merging subsidiary stories in the framework of main story, expressing daily dreams in a narrative frame and a world of dreams and nightmares are some properties of this kind of story. This property is existed in novel of "confesses of sound hider" (e`eterafatokatemalsout) by "mo`nes al-Razaz", the writer has merged a subsidiary story in the framework of main story. He uses daily memories and describes the dreams and nightmares of story characters. So the sounds of all novel characters have a role, and we can say that the novel doesn't have a normal form of first-person narrator or the third-person narrator. Although the third-person narrator occasionally appears, and intermixes to the other narrators of novel, but the narration direction of novel is continuing by sounds of the other characters. This essay explains about the polyphony technique and its sources, then surveys this technique and different narrators in the novel. And also, it surveys merging subsidiary stories in the framework of main story and appearance of a world of dreams and nightmares. This property has frequently a special place in polyphony novels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Polyphony and stream of consciousness in Jabra Ibrahim Jabra's In search of Valid masuod
Robabeh Ramezani Raja AbualiJabra Ibrahim Jabra, a Palestinian skilful story writer in the second half of twenty century, deals with Palestinian social, political and cultural situations in those days through writing novels. Fully aware of turbulent situation of Palestine, he is in search of creat MoreJabra Ibrahim Jabra, a Palestinian skilful story writer in the second half of twenty century, deals with Palestinian social, political and cultural situations in those days through writing novels. Fully aware of turbulent situation of Palestine, he is in search of creating a savior to save Palestine from oppressions of oppressors and injustice of mental backwardness. Jabra Ibrahim Jabra exhibited a generation who bore the burden of responsibility to make changes and revolution against mental backwardness. Jabra technically influenced from Bakhtin's polyphony. In the 'In search of Valid Masoud' he draws a collection of voices participated in a narrative system by applying polysemy method, and proceeds the story by analyzing these voices according to their relation to the voice of protagonist. One of the most important devices used in the story is the stream of consciousness. The protagonist of the story rereads his career in the method of the stream of consciousness in a recorded tape remained from him. This study shows that Jabra used a new technique in reflecting characters voices. Finally, when all characters encounter Valid Masoud's photograph and his face becomes known, reveals their similarities and all other voices removed in order to reveal one voice and one dominant view which is the voice of Valid Masoud that can be said to be the symbol of Palestine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - An Analysis of the Concept of the ‘Other’ in Attar’s The Conference of the Birds
narges salehi mohammad reza haji aqa babaeiMantiq Al-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds) is among the seminal irfanic (mystic) works which can be analyzed based on Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism and the concept of the ‘other’. Attar seeks to establish the position of the birds as the ‘self& MoreMantiq Al-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds) is among the seminal irfanic (mystic) works which can be analyzed based on Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism and the concept of the ‘other’. Attar seeks to establish the position of the birds as the ‘self’ and that of Simorgh or the divine nature as the ‘other’. The journey of the birds toward the Simorgh is a progress toward realizing the value of their existence, and after their spiritual progress, the birds gain a proper understanding of their identity and position. From an irfanic point of view, the world is nothing but divine nature; therefore, considering the binary distinction of the ‘self’ and the ‘other’ is invalid in irfanic thought. According to such a viewpoint, there is no ‘self’, and if man holds such a notion, it is because of his belongings and dependencies in the material world, and what is considered as spiritual progress is the journey toward gaining a new sense of the ‘self’, and realizing that there is no self, and that whatever there is, is Him. Therefore, there is never a conversation between the ‘self’ and ‘other’, and the irfanic viewpoint is essentially non-polyphonic (monologic). What is recognized in irfan (mysticism) and what the aref (holder of true knowledge) seeks to attain through his spiritual progress is denial of the self and manifesting the divine. That is what is known as tawhid (oneness) in irfan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Analysis and review of the narrative in "The Comprehensive Story of Attar's Tragedy with Emphasis on the Design and Plot, the Narrator" with an approach to the theory of "polyphony or polyphony" Bakhtin
Ameneh Batani batool Fakhre eslam mahdi Norooz farzad AbbasiPolyphony means the multiplicity of sounds and sounds and refers to a discourse in which several sounds are heard at the same time. Like music that, although made up of different melodies, these melodies are played at the same time to create the final tone and melody. T MorePolyphony means the multiplicity of sounds and sounds and refers to a discourse in which several sounds are heard at the same time. Like music that, although made up of different melodies, these melodies are played at the same time to create the final tone and melody. The Logic of Conversation and the Concept of Discourse Gohar is the essence of Bakhtin's thought in the field of "philosophical anthropology". The main issue and purpose of this article is to study and analyze the dialogue and logic of conversation with emphasis on "plot and plot", "narrator, character" in the comprehensive narrative of the tragedy and the levels that the seeker of thought encounters. . Attar's symphony and dialogue logic are manifested in forty positions. The logic of conversation in the comprehensive narrative is an attempt to know individuals, not only through dialogue with others, but also their empathetic presence with themselves and others. The views and thoughts of the characters, which may belong to conflicting ideologies, are on a par with the author's views, and all are equally important. In Attar's phonetic symphony, actors from any selected class, position and position can play their chords, and finally, these sounds lead to a better awareness and understanding of the melody of existence and reaching the position of nearness to God. Clearly able to demonstrate the concept of polyphony or polyphony. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Intertextual analysis in the stories of Azadaran Bil and Tatar Khandan by Gholamhossein Saedi with an emphasis on Bakhtin's dialogue and polyphony
nemat mansoori Badrieh Ghavami Reza Borzoiy Jamal AdhamiThe present study investigates the intertextuality in the stories of Azadaran Beil and Tatar Khandan by Gholam Hossein Saedi based on the theory of Mikhail Bakhtin. What is referred to as intertextuality today is a term that can be called discourse between texts. Intert MoreThe present study investigates the intertextuality in the stories of Azadaran Beil and Tatar Khandan by Gholam Hossein Saedi based on the theory of Mikhail Bakhtin. What is referred to as intertextuality today is a term that can be called discourse between texts. Intertextuality is the study of the discourse of texts in literary and cultural works of the world. Before Ferdinand de Saussure's theories, everyone believed in the independence of texts, but Saussure's theories lack the validity of these theories. Based on this theory, Bakhtin believes that texts and their speakers consciously or unconsciously benefit from each other's intellectual and literary sources. The authors of this article intend to analyze these two works with the method of content analysis and with the aim of knowing more about the works of this author based on Bakhtin's theory and with the library method; The findings of the research show that the author was influenced by the Quran and Islamic beliefs and also mentioned some popular beliefs during the stories. The expression of proverbs and myths, irony and bringing part of prayers and supplications are other indicators of these works. Saedi has sometimes mentioned other stories in his works, and in terms of content and theme, he has been influenced by Sadiq Hedayat's Buf Kor and Kafka's Metamorphosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Dialogic and polyphonic In the novel "The Strangest Cemetery" by Ibrahim Younesi
Abdollah Latifpoor Ali Dehghan Hamid Reza FarzaiThe novel "The Cemetery of strangers" is the first novel of Ibrahim Younesi; the contemporary Iranian writer and translator.The author in this novel has conveyed social and cultural situation of some Iranian ethniticities, classes and different groups of people and how MoreThe novel "The Cemetery of strangers" is the first novel of Ibrahim Younesi; the contemporary Iranian writer and translator.The author in this novel has conveyed social and cultural situation of some Iranian ethniticities, classes and different groups of people and how they interact and encounter with each other in chronotope(time_place) the first era of Pahlavi dynasty and in a part of the west of the country (Kurdistan) and his work become a realistic and historical work. It seems that the author of this work has made some techniques and efforts to create an atmosphere of dialogism and polyphony in the world of his novel. To follow up and prove this priori idea , the novel has been discussed from the perspective of sociology of literature based on Bakhtin theories and especially two famous theories, the dialogism and polyphony. The results of the research show that although the novel (The cemetery of strangers) doesn't have complete "identify" in terms of dialogism and polyphony with Dostoyevsky and rabeleh novels_ Bakhtin has taken his major theories from the works of these writers. But the author in this novel has used techniques that made it closer to a dialogism and polyphony work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A Comparative study of dialogue in Saadi's Golestan and Onsorol-mali's Qaboosnameh based on Mikhail Bakhtin’s Logic of dialogue
حسین حسن پور آلاشتی مرضیه حقیقیThe theory of the logic of dialogue or the logic of conversation in the twentieth century was proposed in contrast to Saussure's structural linguistics and cognitive style. On the one hand, Mikhail Bakhtin in the protest of single voice of Stalin’s regime and on t MoreThe theory of the logic of dialogue or the logic of conversation in the twentieth century was proposed in contrast to Saussure's structural linguistics and cognitive style. On the one hand, Mikhail Bakhtin in the protest of single voice of Stalin’s regime and on the other hand, the opposition of the theory of individualism and non- socialism of language that was dominant before him in the criticism domain, he proposed the theory of multiple voices and dialogue-centerd language of literature and art. Since Bakhtin considersthe dialogue-centered approach in the essence of art, this theory is used in reading of different works literature and art at present time. Given that the logic of conversation coming from the mono-voice, anti-dogmatic, and anti-happiness community, in this study one of the darkest periods of social and literary life in Iran after the Mongol invasions has been considered.in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the social structure dialogue-centered method of authors, two prose works of Golestan and Qaboosnamh have been concidered that one of them relates to the pre-Mongol period and the other one belongs to Mongol conquest, are selected. In spite of the facts that both works are equal with respect to contents and didactic points Onsorolmali’s approach is different from Saadi‘s apporoch from dialogue components point of view. Therefore, this paper aims to study the logic of conversation in theses two written works of Persian literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - After Translation: Preserving/Disrupting the Concept of Polyphony with Special Focus on Hermeneutics
Zahra Mofazali Fard Farzaneh Farahzad -
Open Access Article
11 - The Representations of "the Other" in Shāhnāmeh
Farzād Bāloo Rezā Sattāri Fātemeh BasiriThe concept of "the other" came to literature and was introduced to literary theories through Mikhail Bakhtin. According to him, among the literary genres, it is only in the novel, specifically Dostoevsky's novels, which the possibility of dialogue and the presence of t MoreThe concept of "the other" came to literature and was introduced to literary theories through Mikhail Bakhtin. According to him, among the literary genres, it is only in the novel, specifically Dostoevsky's novels, which the possibility of dialogue and the presence of the other are provided. Also, he suggests that genres of epic and tragedy, like Tolstoy's novels, lack dialogic characteristics. He believes that the foundation of epic works is based on elimination of the other. In the present article, the attempt has made to show the representations of "the other" in Shāhnāmeh based on a deconstructional and negative approach to the theory of Bakhtin. These representations can be studied with respect to the following issues: 1) the creation of Shāhnāmeh as a voice versus the prevailing voice; 2) Shāhnāmeh as a meeting point of various genres; 3) institution of championship versus institution of kingdom; and 4) marriage with foreigners. They indicate to the presence of "the other" and the existence of dialogue and polyphony in Shāhnāmeh Manuscript profile
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