Objectives: In this research Arum species investigated based on molecular and morphological traits in order to new classification from Iran. Material and Methods: Plant materials were collected from nature or were prepared from herbarium. Statistical analysis was perfor More
Objectives: In this research Arum species investigated based on molecular and morphological traits in order to new classification from Iran. Material and Methods: Plant materials were collected from nature or were prepared from herbarium. Statistical analysis was performed on morphological characters of Arum L. species. 29 qualitative and quantitative morphological characters were evaluated. trnL-F as plastid marker is widely used to infer phylogenetic relationships. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted by the Bayesian inference and maximum Parsimony methods. Results: Cluster analyses by ward method were classified the studied species based on morphological traits in three clusters. ClusterI included A. giganteum. ClusterII had A. conophaloides and A. viresence. ClusterIII divided in two groups: A. maculatum, A. kotschyi and A. korolkowii. Dendrogram of relationships was constructed by UPGMA, demonstrated four main clusters. A. maculatum and A. giganteum placed in separated clades. ClusterIII include two subclades: SubcladeI: A. conophaloides and subcladeII: A. virescence, A. korolkowii and A. kotschyi. Cladistics analysis of phylogenetic relationships indicated that all species constituted monophyletic group within Arae clade. A. maculatum was separated in different place. A. kotschyi and A. korolkowii with A. rupicola from gene bank were introduced as sister groups. Arum virescens, A. conophaloides and A. giganteum were separated from A. ruoicola. In general, the morphological and molecular results are consistent.
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The nucleotide and protein sequences and phylogenetic relationships between the genes encoding seven cytochrome P450 enzymes for the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC90517 existed in the gene bank were assessed. Based on BLASTN results, the highest More
The nucleotide and protein sequences and phylogenetic relationships between the genes encoding seven cytochrome P450 enzymes for the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC90517 existed in the gene bank were assessed. Based on BLASTN results, the highest identity of the seven sequences was observed with the genes of B. bassiana strain ARSEF (84-100%) and then the fungi Cordyceps militaris and Isaria fumosorosea (76-89%), which was according to the BLASTP results. Calculating the percentage of sequence identity with each other using the SIAS program showed that only the amino acid sequences related to CYP52X1 and CYP52G11 genes had more than 47% identity and put in the same family (CYP52). Sequences associated with different families had identity less than 44%. The phylogenetic trees plotted using software IQ-tree v.1.6 based on the nucleotide and amino acid showed that CYP53A26 and CYP617N1 were most closely matched to each otherand put in a separate group. Other P450 genes were also in the same group. Determination of the protein characteristics and motifs of seven enzymes of cytochrome P450 in the fungus B. bassiana is very important and necessary due to their role in iron binding. The presence of various amino acids with different properties in the motifs has been able to increase the host range of this fungus in controlling pest insects.
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Bovine Leukosis Virus (BLV) belongs to the genus Deltaretrovirus ,subfamily Orthoretrovirinae of the family Retroviridae comprising 3 main genes of gag, pol and env and a number of replication regulatory genes such as Tax, Rex, R III, C IV. For determination of genetic More
Bovine Leukosis Virus (BLV) belongs to the genus Deltaretrovirus ,subfamily Orthoretrovirinae of the family Retroviridae comprising 3 main genes of gag, pol and env and a number of replication regulatory genes such as Tax, Rex, R III, C IV. For determination of genetic relationship of Tax gene of BLV in Iran with those in other countries fragments 927bp corresponding to Tax from four infected samples were amplified in PCR system and sequenced for determining nucleotide sequence and compared with identified nucleotide sequence of this gene in other countries.A comparison made on Tax gene in Iran with other countries demonstrated 3.4 to 7.7% variability in Tax gene, of which the greatest sequence similarity exists between sequences of Tax in Iran with USA (AY700378.1)with 96.6% similarity and the least relationship exists between sequences of this virus in Iran with Australia (AY700379.1) and Japan (AY700381.1) with 92.3% similarity
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The aims of this study were evaluating the probiotic properties and phylogenetic relationship of dominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from whole barley sourdough. At the beginning, dominant LAB isolates were identified by specific PCR. Then probiotic properties More
The aims of this study were evaluating the probiotic properties and phylogenetic relationship of dominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from whole barley sourdough. At the beginning, dominant LAB isolates were identified by specific PCR. Then probiotic properties of the isolates including survival in simulated conditions of gastrointestinal tract, antagonistic effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coliand Salmonella enterica as foodborne indicator bacteria, ability of aggregation with E. coli and S. enterica as infection agents of intestine and resistance of these LAB isolates against some of routine antibiotics were investigated. For determination of phylogenetic relationship between LAB isolates, maximum likelihood method was also used. Sequencing results of PCR products lead to identification of Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus curieae, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Weissella cibaria as dominant isolated LAB from whole barley sourdough. Among mentioned isolates, L. brevis had significantly (P<0.05) higher survival in pH 2 and 0.3% bile salt in comparison to other isolates. Inhibition zone diameter of foodborne indicator bacteria in the presence of P. pentosaceus was the highest. P. pentosaceus had also significantly (P<0.05) more effective aggregation ability towards E. coli and S. enterica than the others and four LAB isolates were resistant to vancomycin. Analysis of aligned sequences in phylogenetic tree showed that L. curieae and P. pentosaceus had very closely phylogenetic relationship while, the most genetic difference was observed between L. brevis and W. cibaria.
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