The Central Zagros was one of the most populous regions in the Iranian plateau in the first half of the first millennium BC, filled with small and semi-extensive settlements. One of the strange and interesting points observed in Mesopotamian sources, belonging to the fi More
The Central Zagros was one of the most populous regions in the Iranian plateau in the first half of the first millennium BC, filled with small and semi-extensive settlements. One of the strange and interesting points observed in Mesopotamian sources, belonging to the first millennium BC, is two completely different locations for a land called Parsuaš or Parsumaš. From the reign of Shalmaneser III to Sargon II of Assyria, the name of this land was always mentioned along with the lands located in the east of Assyria and around the Central Zagros. However, from the time of Sennacherib, the land of Parsuaš has been referred to in the vicinity of Anshan and its ally. Additionally, we know that during the rule of the Achaemenid dynasty, the land of the Persians, both before and after the emergence of the empire, was located in southern Zagros. Deciphering the meaning based on the content of written sources obtained from archaeological excavations is a subject that many researchers have attempted to explain. This study reconsiders the subject by examining the content of these inscriptions and evaluating their geographical data. It is concluded that the name of the first land not only refers to the origin of a population but also indicates that its people have made a large-scale migration, to regain their former political independence and freedom. This experience was similar to the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt. The loss of this independence was due to the failure of the ambitious development plans for the land by the king, which resulted in his fall and the rise of a powerful and influential leader over that land.
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تحلیل اشتباهات گرامری ابزار با ارزشی در آموزش زبان انگلیسی به فراگیران زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان دوم/خارجه فراهم می کند. علی رغم پژوهش های فراوان در این زمینه، همچنان خلاء هایی در بررسی اشتباهات گرامری نوشتاری در میان فراگیران تک و دوزبانه پسر و دختر فارس و ترکمن وجود More
تحلیل اشتباهات گرامری ابزار با ارزشی در آموزش زبان انگلیسی به فراگیران زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان دوم/خارجه فراهم می کند. علی رغم پژوهش های فراوان در این زمینه، همچنان خلاء هایی در بررسی اشتباهات گرامری نوشتاری در میان فراگیران تک و دوزبانه پسر و دختر فارس و ترکمن وجود دارد. برای پوشش دادن به بخشی از این خلاء تعداد 158 زبان آموز فارس و ترکمن در استان گلستان دو متن توصیفی تهیه کردند و سپس این متون از نظر پرتکرارترین اشتباهات گرامری نوشتاری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در مرحله بعد، این اشتباهات براساس چارچوب پژوهش تحلیل و مقایسه شدند. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری ارتباط معنی داری میان اشتباهات گرامری نوشتاری زبان آموزان فارس و ترکمن و جنسیت آن ها نشان داد. فراوانی اشتباهات زبان آموزان تک زبانه فارس در مقایسه با زبان آموزان دوزبانه ترکمن به شکل معنی داری کمتر بود. این یافته ها می تواند مورد توجه مدرسان زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه، طراحان سرفصل و مواد درسی قرار گیرد. افزون برآن، این یافته ها می تواند به عنوان پیشنیاز پژوهش ها دز زمینه بازخورد اصلاحی باشد و هم زمان درب های جدیدی به سوی مطالعات مرتبط باز کند
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Demons and demonic creatures are indispensable part of mythology and are the integral part of ancient Persian beliefs. Indeed, our ancestors for every malice and evil deed and phenomena believed in a particular demon and revelation of any of these demonic and dest More
Demons and demonic creatures are indispensable part of mythology and are the integral part of ancient Persian beliefs. Indeed, our ancestors for every malice and evil deed and phenomena believed in a particular demon and revelation of any of these demonic and destructive elements were related to a corresponding demon. A phenomenon named Astovidatu or demon of death is one such example. Although after coming of Islam this belief had lost its original vigor, yet its reflection could be clearly seen in certain works particularly in Shahnameh all the more reason for Ferdowsi’s use of imageries in connection with the concept of death. It is the purpose of this article to compare these imageries with information that exists regarding the demon of death, a belief already existed before Islam in Zoroastrian religion and to prove and demonstrate that the creation of those imageries consciously or unconsciously were under the influence of Astovidatu.
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