Oncorhynchus

Open Access Article

1 - Study of the water quality parameters of the inlet and outlet water of a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farm on the water quality parameters in Masouleh River, Guilan province
Reza Farzi Najme Tabasinezhad Azin Ahmadi Hamed Mosavi-Sabet Javid Imanpour Namin

10.30495/jrnr.2022.20560

In the last few decades, the construction of fish farms on the banks of rivers has increased significantly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of the inlet and outlet water of the rainbow trout farm and also to investigate the effects of the efflue More

In the last few decades, the construction of fish farms on the banks of rivers has increased significantly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of the inlet and outlet water of the rainbow trout farm and also to investigate the effects of the effluent on the water quality parameters of the Masouleh River located in Guilan Province. To perform this study, three stations including the control station at the entrance of the farm, the second station at the outlet of the farm effluent and the third station at a distance of less than 100 m after the outlet of the farm were sampled once every fifteen days for three months (November, December, and January 2019). The results of the study showed that the farm output water had a significant effect on water quality indices such as temperature, acidity (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrite (NO2-), nitrate (NO3-) and ammonia. The level of dissolved oxygen in the outlet water in the first two months of the sampling (5.75 ± 0.18 mg/L) had a significant decrease (P<0.05) compared to the inlet water and the acidity, nitrate, nitrite and water hardness values in the outlet water (8.23 ± 0.09, 4.83 ± 0.15, 0.09 ± 0.07, 7.55 ± 0.18, respectively) showed a significant increase compared to the input water (P<0.05). Also, the comparison between the stations showed that the third station was more polluted than the other stations and the degree of water pollution decreased as the distance from the outlet increased. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the output of the fish farming farm has the highest level of pollution compared to other stations due to the use of low-quality commercial feed, high density, and high rearing activity in the farm and as the distance from the farm increases, the level of water pollution decreases due to the process of self-purification of the river. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Effect of Different Levels of Pigment Lutein in the Diet on Growth and Blood factors on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
maede talebi hossein khara jalil zoreih zahra shayan ghobadi arezoo khodabandeloo

In this study, effect of feeding diets containing different amounts of pigment lutein, the amount of growth and blood factors of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. This study for eight weeks, on 600 numbers of rainbow trout (average weight 93.02&plus More

In this study, effect of feeding diets containing different amounts of pigment lutein, the amount of growth and blood factors of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. This study for eight weeks, on 600 numbers of rainbow trout (average weight 93.02±0/64 g), in a control group and three treatments (each with three replicates) was performed. Fish fed three times daily with a commercial diet (GFT2) containing different amounts of lutein (0, 14, 16 and 20 mg/kg) was conducted. The results showed that the treatments studied had significant difference in weight and body length of fish (p<0.05), but no significant difference (p>0.05) in performance parameters of growth and food consumption including FCR, SGR, GR, BWI, CF followed by survival rate. Results of the blood sampling showed that WBC, RBC, lymphocytes, and IgM were significant differed between the treatments (p<0.05), but monocytes and neutrophils didn’t show significant difference between treatments (p>0.05).  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Study of kidney anatomy and microscopic of renal proximal and distal tubules of middle and posterior part of kidney tissue in Oncorhynchus mykiss and Astronotus ocellatus
. S Mohammadalipour Iraj pousty , S Hesaraki

The present study was conducted to compare the histology of renal proximal tubules (I) and (II) in two species (Rainbow trout and Oscar). Rainbow trout, known as Oncorhynchus mykiss scientific name from the Salmonidae family which is cultivated and freshwater. Oscar fis More

The present study was conducted to compare the histology of renal proximal tubules (I) and (II) in two species (Rainbow trout and Oscar). Rainbow trout, known as Oncorhynchus mykiss scientific name from the Salmonidae family which is cultivated and freshwater. Oscar fish, the scientific name is Astronotus Ocellatus, which is one of the most well-known ornamental fish of the Chichlidae family. Five piece of the two fish species were selected randomly and their macroscopic specification and morphometric measurements were recorded. Samples were fixed in %10 formalin buffer and the cuts were prepared with a thickness of five micron and then they were stained by Hematoxylin and eosin and Periodic acid–Schiff method and studied by light microscopy. The data were analyzed with SPSS software and T-Test statistical test (P <0.05). Proximal and distal tubes were detected and the variables were measured. The size of the cell nucleus and the outer diameter of the proximal (I) had a significant difference (P<0.01). There has been significant difference in the number and the size of cell and its nucleus, the inner and outer diameter of the proximal II between two species (P<0.001). The number, cell size of the distal tubules has been significant difference between two species (P<0.01). The size of the cell nucleus, the inner and outer diameter of the distal tubules have been significant difference between two species (P<0.001). According to the results, the anatomy and histology of kidney tissue are different in the Rainbow trout and Oscar fish.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The effect of rainbow trout ponds washing on wastewater quality and performance of central control for drip irrigation system
Arsalan Faryabi Eisa Maroufpoor Behzad Ghorbani Barzan Bahrami Kamangar

The operation of fish ponds washing increases the risk of using these wastewater in drip irrigation by raising the amount of suspended solids and organic matter in the wastewater. In this paper, three drip irrigation treatments were performed. For each treatment, Netafi More

The operation of fish ponds washing increases the risk of using these wastewater in drip irrigation by raising the amount of suspended solids and organic matter in the wastewater. In this paper, three drip irrigation treatments were performed. For each treatment, Netafim and Microflapper emitters were used with 4, 8 and 12 l/h discharges. During a season, 42 irrigation events were conducted with conventional water (as control) and fish farming effluent (with depletion and without depletion of tubes). Several samples were collected from wastewater, in the usual mode and in washing the fish ponds, in three replicates. The physical, chemical and biological properties of all samples were measured and compared. The filtered materials by sand and grid filters of the control and wastewater systems were analyzed by Master Sizer device. The results showed that washing has a significant effect on the concentration of suspended solids (p < 1%) and the concentration of organic matter (p < 5%). But the effect of washing on the concentration of nitrate and the number of bacteria in the wastewater is small and negligible. The results also showed that the discharge of 8 L/h Microflopper emitters had a significant correlation (p < 1%) with pond washing in both effluent treatments, and the discharge rate of Microflapper emitters was more correlated with the washing operations compared to the Netafim emitters. The results also showed that the efficiency of grid filters are more than sand filters when fish farm effluent is using, and the presence of these filters is more necessary. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Using Nano-Encapsulated Grape Seed (Vitis vinifera) Extract for Improvement of Chemicals and Bacteria Indices and Increasing the Self-Life of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fillet
F. Mahmoudi Ardebili M. Hedayatifard

Introduction: Natural preservatives that have been employed for many years are employed to keep the quality of foods characteriestics. In this investigation the application of natural preservatives in the form of Nano-Encapsulated grape seed extracts have been studied t More

Introduction: Natural preservatives that have been employed for many years are employed to keep the quality of foods characteriestics. In this investigation the application of natural preservatives in the form of Nano-Encapsulated grape seed extracts have been studied to increase the shelf life of rainbow trout fillets. Matherials and Methods: Rainbow trout fillets were prepared after be heading, gutting, deboning and washing and prepared with grape seed extract with two doses of 2 and 4% of free (normal) and Nano-encapsulated (NEn) forms separately, and refrigerated at 4°C for 15 days. Chemical and microbiological characteristics consisted of total volatiles nitrogen, peroxide value and Thiobarbituric acid, total mesophyll count (TC) and psychrophilic count (TPC) were evaluated. Results: The results showed that all treated samples which contain samples in both free and NEn forms had better quality; therfore the shelf life increased considerably (p<0.05). The results also showed that the effect of grape seed NEn on the TPC bacteria is the same as the free form while has different and independent effects on the TC community and some other indices such as TVB-N, PV and TBA (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, it can be claimed that rainbow trout fillet might be preserved for 12 days by the application of grape seed extract when kept in the refrigerator. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Effect Of Lactobacillus plantarum (KC426951) Bacteria Isolated from the Intestine Of Rainbow Trout Guilan on Hematological Indices and Immune Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Fry
Afshin Ghaljaei fard hossein khara Alireza Shenavar Masoleh

Inroduction and Objective: The use of probiotics in aquaculture reduces the level of antimicrobial compounds (especially antibiotics), improve feed efficiency, strengthens the immune system, improve blood and the bacterial flora. The effects of the bacteria Lactobacillu More

Inroduction and Objective: The use of probiotics in aquaculture reduces the level of antimicrobial compounds (especially antibiotics), improve feed efficiency, strengthens the immune system, improve blood and the bacterial flora. The effects of the bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum (KC426951) isolated from the gut of rainbow trout Guilan province on some blood safety indicators examined the rainbow trout.Material and Methods:A total of 540 fry with an average weight 3/56±2/24 g (30 per treatment) were prepared. This study in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 3 replications for 60 days was investigated invivo.The treatment diets were: 106 (treatment 1), 107 (treatment 2), 108 (treatment 3), 109(treatment4) and 1010 (treatment5) CFU g-1 of lactobacillus plantarum and control treatment (treatment 6) without supplementation with probiotics was.Results: At the end of the experimental period,hematological and immune parameters were measured. Results showed that the highest levels of hematological indices contains WBC count in treatment 4, RBC count, Hb concentration blood , percent hematocrit , percent monocytes, percent eosinophils , MCHC in treatment 5, the MCV, MCH and percent eosinophils,in treatments 1 and percent neutrophilin controls, respectively. Also significant differences between treatments were examined, MCHC, MCH, percentage of monocytes and eosinophils were not observed(p>0.05). The highest levels of Immune factors , including Total serum immunoglobulins, IgM and Lysozym owned treatment 4 and lowest values are those belonging to the control group (pConclusions:The findings suggest that the scope of application of Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria can be dose 109 - 1010 CFU / g food bacteria that stimulate the immune system as introduced. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The study Of the effects Of Probiotic Yeast Cell Wall (Saccharomyces cerevisia) on Changes in blood indices and Immunity Of Rainbow Trout Fry (Oncorhynchusmykiss
محمد اعتصامی پور عباسعلی زمینی مسعود فرخ روز

Inroduction and Objective: Prebioticdietary supplements that have the potential to reduce the harmful effects of infectious agents and have beneficial effects on host health. In this study, the prebiotic of yeast cell wall Saccharomyces cerevisiaat different levels to e More

Inroduction and Objective: Prebioticdietary supplements that have the potential to reduce the harmful effects of infectious agents and have beneficial effects on host health. In this study, the prebiotic of yeast cell wall Saccharomyces cerevisiaat different levels to evaluate the blood indices and immune indices in rainbow trout juveniles were used.Materials and Methods:To conduct this study, 120 rainbow trout fry with a mean weight 3.61± 0.12 gr were randomly assigned into 12 fiberglass tub drainage volume of 100 ml distribution and breeding were given. An experiment to determine the optimum level of prebiotic effect of dietary yeast cell wall in the diet of rainbow trout fry in 1% prebiotic treatments, 1.5% prebiotic, 2% prebiotic prebiotic-free control, in a balanced design with three replications each were studied. At the end of the period rearing, blood indices and immune indices juveniles were studied.Results:The results of some blood indices such as levels of White blood cells, Red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and neutrophil counts were not significantly different between the treatment and control groups were observed in 2% and other treatments (P0.05). The results showed that non-specific immune indices in blood, such as lysozyme and specific immune IgM and Ig statistically significant difference between treatment groups fed with 2 % prebiotic yeast cell wall with the other treatments and the control group (PConclusion: Based onthese results it can be stated that the level of 2% prebiotic yeast cell wallused in thediet caused a significant increase in immune indices , andsomeblood parametersof studied, An important rolein immune function and improve blood indices of rainbow trout fry can play Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Comparison Of Treatment Vitamin D on Functionand Mutual Relationship Of Growth and Immune System Of Fingerling Rainbow trout
سجاد دهقان زاده عباسعلی زمینی حسین خارا

Inroduction and Objective: This research was performed in cooperation with hatchery rainbow tout larvae,”research center of Persian drug shafagh”located in kharf village of Somesara town. Growth is one of the most complex phenomena that quantity, quality of food ingred More

Inroduction and Objective: This research was performed in cooperation with hatchery rainbow tout larvae,”research center of Persian drug shafagh”located in kharf village of Somesara town. Growth is one of the most complex phenomena that quantity, quality of food ingredients are effective. In order to reduce the risk of these diseases, you must increaselevel of fish resistance to infections by stimulation of immune such as vitamins.because abnormal levels of vitamin D are a random factor of many diseases,so food cycle,growth and immune system are cyclic chain that increase or decrease in above factors influenced on direct result of other factors.The Purpose of this study was the relationship between growth factors and immune system of fingerling rainbow trout during 8 weeks.Materials and Methods This test was 120 fish with an average weight of 3 gr with 10 density in 12 tank fiberglass.This experiment did in 3 dietary treatments with 3 replicates and 1 control group did at concentration of 3000,4000,5000 international units of vitamin D3.Results: This study showed that all growth factors at the end of experiment in the treatment were more than pther treatments and a significant difference was observed (P Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Mannan Oligosaccharide on growth performance and some digestive factors in Oncorhynchus mykiss
محمد حامد نجفی انفرادی فلورا محمدی زاده مهدی سلطانی امیر هوشنگ بحری نجمه شیخ زاده

Inroduction & Objective: Growth and immunity resistance of fish are the most important factors in aquaculture. therefore, many types of research in probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for improving growth and immunity in fish have been studied in the last years. More

Inroduction & Objective: Growth and immunity resistance of fish are the most important factors in aquaculture. therefore, many types of research in probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for improving growth and immunity in fish have been studied in the last years. Materials and Methods: In this study, effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and MOSon growth performance, digestive enzymes activity and intestine morphology of Oncorhynchus mykiss were studied. Juvenile rainbow trout (n=270) in 6 administration  groups in 18  tanks were kept and fed with diets containing different doses (0.3 and 0.5 g kg-1 feed) of the probiotic,  (2 g kg-1 feed) of prebiotic, (0.3+2 and 0.5+ 2g kg-1 feed of probiotic and prebiotic respectively) and  a control group for 45 days. Results: Results showed a positive effect on growth performance  and digestive enzymes activity in probiotic (0.3 and 0.5 g kg-1 feed of probiotic) and synbiotic groups  compared to the control group(p<0.05). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Effect of different light intensity at continuous photoperiod on growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
sahebali ghorbani

Abstract[1]This investigation was conducted to determine optimal light intensity of continuous photoperiod (24L/0D) at Research Station of aquatics nutrition and live food, located at Bandar Anzali in 2008-2009 for 60 days. The trial was carried out in 12 fiberglass tan More

Abstract[1]This investigation was conducted to determine optimal light intensity of continuous photoperiod (24L/0D) at Research Station of aquatics nutrition and live food, located at Bandar Anzali in 2008-2009 for 60 days. The trial was carried out in 12 fiberglass tanks with a water volume of 80L, with flow rate of 0.8 l/min, and fish stocked at rate of 20 fish/tank with average initial weight of 12-13 gr. The design of the experiment consisted of 4 treatments with triplicates which included light intensity 100 Lx, 200 Lx, 300 Lx, and 400 Lx. The experimental fish fed on commercial food of FFT and GFT for the weight groups of 12-30, 30-50 gr respectively. The statistical analysis indicated that with increasing of light intensity growth rate increased from 100 Lx to 400 Lx but the Weight gain (%), Specific growth rate, Food conversion ratio, Condition factor and Survival (%) were not significantly different among all treatments (P>0.05). The statistical analysis did not show significant difference among all treatments. The results of this experiment showed that the best growth rate and optimal food conversion ratio was obtained from light intensity 300-400. *- Corresponding Authors; Email: sahebali_ghorbani@yahoo.com Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Indicators growth rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in earthen ponds with use of underground brackish water
mahmood Ghanei Tehrani

Abstract[1]Because of the scarcity of fresh water resources in the country, the use of brackish and saline water resources for fisheries products is taken into consideration. In this study, growth rainbow trout with brackish water (14 ppt) extracted from underground wat More

Abstract[1]Because of the scarcity of fresh water resources in the country, the use of brackish and saline water resources for fisheries products is taken into consideration. In this study, growth rainbow trout with brackish water (14 ppt) extracted from underground water sources in the area Esferayen (North Khorasan) in earthen ponds with an area of 3000 square meters with a good depth of 1.8 m was studied. The period of pisciculture were160 days (autumn and winter). The number of primary fish stock in each earth pond was 23000 and average weight of fish 22.7 ± 1.5 g. At the end of rearing period, because of differences in the survival rate of fish in pond1 (82%) and 2 (88%), differences in other parameters were significant (P<0.05). So that in pond of 1 and 2 were determined FE: 0.88±0.02, 0.82±0.02; CF: 1.42±0.01, 1.29±0.03; SGR: 1.51±0.01, 1.40±0.02% /day-1; PER: 2.26±0.05, 2.11±0.06; FCR: 1.18±0.02, 1.25±0.04 and FW: 390±7, 340±7 g. respectively. The results showed that,Oncorhynchus mykiss fingerling have good growth in each pond with brackish water, whereas have difference relative in growth indicator.* Corresponding Authors; Email: salamyaran60@yahoo.com Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Antibacterial and antioxidant effect of Nisin on rainbow trout fillets (Oncorhynchus mykiss) packed with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP)
S.E Hoseini

Abstract[1]In this research, the antibacterial and antioxidant effect of Nisin was conducted in three levels of 0, 0.15 and 0.25 (g/kg) in rainbow trout fillets packed with modified atmosphere packaging (50% N2, 45% CO2 and 5% O2) and vaccume packed (control group) and More

Abstract[1]In this research, the antibacterial and antioxidant effect of Nisin was conducted in three levels of 0, 0.15 and 0.25 (g/kg) in rainbow trout fillets packed with modified atmosphere packaging (50% N2, 45% CO2 and 5% O2) and vaccume packed (control group) and keeped for 20 days in refrigerator (4±1 °C). In this experiment, chemical indices of spoilage (PV, TBA, TVBN and pH), microbial parameters (TPC, PTC, LAB) and also sensorial aspects of fillets (smell, color, texture and total acceptance) were determined in days of 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16. The 0.25 (g/kg) Nisin treatment was the lowest treatment for PV (9.95 meq O2/kg), TBA (1.19 mgM/kg), TVBN (30.4 mg N2/100 g), pH (6.73) and its microbial parameters (TPC, PTC, LAB) was 6.64, 6.91 and 5.81 log cfu/g, respectively. This treatment was highest treatment in sensorial aspects of fillets (smell, color, texture and total acceptance) with 5, 5.4, 5.4 and 5.3), respectively. According to the maximal recommended level for these parameters, the maximum shelflife for these fillets was 16 days. In conclusion, the use of Nisin and modified atmosphere packaging had a posetive effect on quality of rainbow trout fillets during refregrator storage. * Corresponding Authors; Email: ebhoseini@srbiau.ac.ir Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (Eltosil®) on growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
M. Haghighi M. Sharif Rohani I. Sharifpour A. Sepahdari

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin 1% (Eltosil®) on growth performance in rainbow trout. 1200 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) weighing 0.5±0.05 gram were randomly distributed in two groups 1) the cont More

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin 1% (Eltosil®) on growth performance in rainbow trout. 1200 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) weighing 0.5±0.05 gram were randomly distributed in two groups 1) the control group and 2) Eltosil® group, each in three replications. These fishes were randomly divided in six 100 liter square troughs with a continuous water flow of 1 liter per minute. Troughs were supplied with a well water (temperature range: 15±1ºC, O2: 7.2±0.2mg/l, pH= 8±0.3). In this research, the fish received of 200g Eltosil® per 100kg BW. The administration method of Eltosil®-mixed feed to fish was once a week for 4 consecutive weeks at each treatment stage, totally 8 times for 12 weeks (once a week, 4 times in the first step, withdrawal for four weeks in the second step, once a week for 4 times in the third step). To calculate growth factors, fish were weighed weekly and their body lengths were measured every two weeks (before and after each experiment). At the end of each rearing period (on day 28, 56, 84) the means of whole body weight, weight gain, average daily growth, total length, average daily length, grams of weight gain per gram of food, specific growth rate, condition factor, food conversion rate, and the percentage of survival ratio were calculated in the control and Eltosil® groups. Moreover, at the end of rearing period (on day 84), comparative growth rate was calculated. The results of this study demonstrated that there were no significant differences between growth factors in the control and Eltosil® groups on days 28, 56, 84 of rearing periods (P>0.05). These results show that oral administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (Eltosil®) was not a suitable way to increase rapid growth in rainbow trout weighing 0.5±0.05 gram. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Relationship between putrescine and histamine contents with the populations of aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Shiraz market
Ali Ghorbani ranjbary رزا Akrami رضا Sharifi Rayeni

Biogenic amines are small organic molecules with an aromatic and hydrocyclic structure. These compounds are formed duo to the decarboxylation of foods’ free amino acids by microbial enzymes. The aim of present study was to investigate the possibility of using putr More

Biogenic amines are small organic molecules with an aromatic and hydrocyclic structure. These compounds are formed duo to the decarboxylation of foods’ free amino acids by microbial enzymes. The aim of present study was to investigate the possibility of using putrescine and histamine contents as an indicator to assess the freshness of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Therefore, using HPLC the concentrations of putrescine and histamine was determined in cold-stored rainbow trout samples. The samples were analysed every 3 days from day 0 to 18. Based on results, histamine was not detected at the first and third days of the storage, however putrescine was estimated at 1.30±0.03 µg/g. Initial concentrations of histamine and putrescine were 0.7 and 1.2 µg/g respectively. Theses parameters reached to 13.5 and 18 mg/g at the end of 18 days of storage which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Moreover, a direct and significant relationship was observed between the load of aerobic mesophilic bacteria and histamine contents in the fish samples. Similar relation (p<0.05) was found between the load of psychrotrophic bacteria and putrescine content. Consequently, histamine and putrescine concentrations could be used as an indicator to assess the freshness of rainbow trout. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Synergistic effect of Nisin and Cuminum cyminum L. essential oil on the growth of Streptococcus iniae in fillets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
منصوره Ghaeni لاله Roomiani

   Streptococcus iniae is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that represents a threat to the aquaculture industry worldwide and poses a risk to humans’ health. The aim this study, was to evaluate the effect of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) essential oil and nisin o More

   Streptococcus iniae is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that represents a threat to the aquaculture industry worldwide and poses a risk to humans’ health. The aim this study, was to evaluate the effect of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) essential oil and nisin on the growth of S. iniae. For this purpose, the fillets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were inoculated with 103 of S. iniae and afterwards were treated with the different concentrations of cumin essential oil (0, 0.005, 0.135 and 0.405%) as well as nisin (0, 0.25 and 0.75 µg/ml). The samples were stored at 4 and 10 ºC for 15 days. Results revealed that in the samples stored at 4 °C the solo application of each of nisin and cumin essential oil could inhibit the growth of S. iniae until day 9; meanwhile, in combining form the inhibition of bacterial growth was occurred for 3 days. In the samples stored at 10 ºC, nisin and cumin essential oil hindered the bacterial growth for 3 and 6 days, respectively. Moreover, combination of the two materials inhibited the bacterial growth until day 6. The highest synergistic effect was observed in 0.405% of cumin essential oil and 0.75 µg/ml of nisin at 4 ºC. However, at 10 ºC, 0.135 and 0.405% of cumin essential oil together with 0.75 µg/ml of nisin had the highest synergistic effect. As a significant (P<0.05) difference was observed between the treatment and control groups, it could be concluded that cumin essential oil and nisin could efficiently inhibit the growth of S. iniae.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - A Study on the Synergistic Effect of Sunflower Oil Based Nanoemulsion with Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential Oil on the Quality of Rainbow Trout Fillets
Shabnam Shadman Sayyed Ebrahim Hosseini Hadi Ershad Langroudi Shahrokh Shabani

The quality changes of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets treated withsunflower oil based nanoemulsion with or without Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil was studied on days 0, 5, 10 and 15 during storage in (4oC±1) and evaluated by microbiol More

The quality changes of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets treated withsunflower oil based nanoemulsion with or without Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil was studied on days 0, 5, 10 and 15 during storage in (4oC±1) and evaluated by microbiological and sensory analyses. Total viable counts and psychrophilic bacteria were determined. The results showed that the nanoemulsion had significant effect (P<0.05) on total viable counts. No growth of psychrophilic bacteria was found. Sensory analysis showed that the nanoemulsion could improve colour features. Odour and texture were enhanced as well. Incorporation of Z. multiflora essential oil and the nanoemulsion increased the acceptability for taste, odoure and texture. The inhibitory effects of the nanoemulsion were closely related to the concentration of the essential oil due to high content of carvacrol and thymol. The quality of fillets treated with nanoemulsion and 1% Z. multiflora essential oil was significantly different compared with other treatments and had acceptable results until day 15 of storage. Therefore, the nanoemulsion developed in this study could be represented as an option as a food preservative. Z. multiflora Boiss. essential oil showed a synergistic effect with the nanoemulsion for shelf-life extension of rainbow trout fillets.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Study on use of Nisinto to control Streptococcus iniae and Lactococcusgarvieae in rainbow trout fillet
Laleh Roomiani Azadeh Mahmoodi Mansoureh Ghaeni Sara Ahmadi

Abstract In this study, effect of different concentrations of nisin(0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 µg/ ml) were conducted against zoonotic bacteria Streptococcus iniae and Lactococcusgarvieae in fish fillet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) in refrigerator storage. Ly More

Abstract In this study, effect of different concentrations of nisin(0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 µg/ ml) were conducted against zoonotic bacteria Streptococcus iniae and Lactococcusgarvieae in fish fillet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) in refrigerator storage. Lyophilized cultured of S. iniae (GQ850377) and L. garvieae (Ir-170A856bp) were obtained from Department of Aquatic Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, and were used in this study. After determination of incubation dose of two bacteria (1.4×108 and 9.2×107 CFU/ ml) and preparation of nisin solution, incubation of bacterial was done in fish fillets. The results revealed that different concentrations of nisin were statistically different in reduction of bacteria comparing with control group (P<0.05). The highest inhibitory effect was observed in 0.75 µg/ ml 65.77% on L. garvieae and 60.88 % on S. iniae. Thatresults showed that nisin, as a preservative, can be effective in control of food-borne bacteria in foodstuff. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - تأثیر عصاره گیاه سیر (Allium sativum L.) بر برخی شاخص های خونی و ایمنی ماهی قزل آلای انگشت قد
سید پرویز دادوران منصوره قائنی ابوالفضل عسکری ساری

مقدمه و هدف: استفاده بی رویه و مداوم از آنتی بیوتیکها منجر به مقاومت دارویی و بنابراین کاهش اثرات آنها می شود. تجمع آنتی بیوتیک ها در محیط آب و بدن ماهی، برای مصرف کننده و محیط زیست خطراتی را به همراه خواهد داشت. افزایش آگاهی عمومی از تأثیرات منفی مواد شیمیایی More

مقدمه و هدف: استفاده بی رویه و مداوم از آنتی بیوتیکها منجر به مقاومت دارویی و بنابراین کاهش اثرات آنها می شود. تجمع آنتی بیوتیک ها در محیط آب و بدن ماهی، برای مصرف کننده و محیط زیست خطراتی را به همراه خواهد داشت. افزایش آگاهی عمومی از تأثیرات منفی مواد شیمیایی مصنوعی سبب شد تا تحقیقات به سمت استفاده از گیاهان دارویی مانند مواد طبیعی و بدون مواد شیمیایی سوق پیدا کند. هدف این مطالعه تأثیر گیاه دارویی سیر بر روی برخی پارامترهای ایمنی ماهیان انگشت قد قزل آلا می باشد. روش تحقیق: به منظور بررسی تأثیر عصاره گیاه دارویی سیر (Allium sativum) بر روی شاخص های خونی و ایمنی غیر اختصاصی ماهیان قزل آلای انگشت قد، تعداد 500 عدد ماهی با وزن 29/0±47/10 گرم از مزارع پرورشی ماهی قزل آلا در یاسوج خریداری گردید. مخازن مورد استفاده در آزمایش، شامل 15 عدد تانک فایبرگلاس 300 لیتری دایره ای شکل بود. به منظور بررسی اثر درصدهای مختلف عصاره سیر در جیره، 5 تیمار مختلف از عصاره سیر، با سطوح (05/0، 1/0، 15/0 و 2/0 گرم بر کیلوگرم) به جیره اضافه شد و تیمار شاهد فاقد هرگونه مکمل افزودنی بود. آزمایش در سه تکرار به ازای هر تیمار انجام شد. در پایان فاکتورهای بیوشیمیایی و هماتولوژیک مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج و بحث: نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که میزان RBC، درصد هماتوکریت، غلظت هموگلوبین و گلبول های سفید خون در گروه 1 اختلاف معنی داری با گروه کنترل نداشت (05/0p ≥ ). از طرفی اگرچه بین گروه 2، 3 و 4 اختلاف معنی داری وجود نداشت (05/0p ≥ )، اما در این گروه ها با گروه کنترل تفاوت معنی دار مشاهده گردید (05/0p ≤). بیشترین میزان آلبومین و گلوبولین نیز در تیمار سوم مشاهده گردید. بیشترین میزان فعالیت لیزوزیم در گروه 2 و کمترین متعلق به گروه کنترل بود. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش می توان اظهار داشت که عصاره سیر توانسته بر برخی از شاخص های ایمنی در ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان انگشت قد تأثیر مثبتی داشته باشد و بهترین سطح این عصاره جهت بهبود شاخص های ایمنی g/kg 15/0 پیشنهاد می شود. Manuscript profile

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19 - Effect of dietary inulin as prebiotic on growth performance and survival of juvenile Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
R. Akrami A. Ghelichi H. Manuchehri

An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects dietary prebiotic inulin on growth performance and survival of juvenile Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three replicate groups of fish (initially averaging weight 15.58±0.6 g) were fed die More

An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects dietary prebiotic inulin on growth performance and survival of juvenile Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three replicate groups of fish (initially averaging weight 15.58±0.6 g) were fed diets containing prebiotic inulin (Raftifeed® IPS) levels 1% , 2% and 3%. The basal diet was contained 3% cellulose. Fish were fed to apparent satiation and growth performance monitored. Growth indicies such as; final weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), thermal growth coefficient (TGC) and net production of fish fed the basal diet were significantly higher than those fed the diets containing prebiotic inulin. However, there were no significant differences in food converstion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and condition factor (CF) among fish fed the experimental diets. No significant difference was observed in survival rate at the end of trial. The experiment indicated that the prebiotic inulin didn’t influence the increase of the growth performance and survival rate in rainbow trout juvenile.  Manuscript profile

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20 - بررسی شاخص های رشد در بچه ماهیان قزل آلای رنگین کمان mykiss) (Oncorhynchus تغذیه شده با پری بیوتیک دیواره سلولی مخمر(Saccharomyces cerevisia)
محمد اعتصامی پور عباسعلی زمینی مسعود فرخ روز

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21 - تأثیر فاکتور سن بر شاخص های تولید مثلی مولدین پرورشی قزل آلای رنگین کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum , 1972 )
سمیه شمس پور حسین خارا

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22 - اثرات ضد قارچی تراف نانوسیلور بر روی تخم ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان(Oncorhynchus mykiss) و لارو تا وزن یک گرمی
مهدی کهیش اسفندیاری مهدی سلطانی میر مسعود سجادی

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23 - The Effects of Adding Cinnamon Powder (Cinnamomum verum) on Some Blood and Growth Factors in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Juvenile
Abdolreza. Fattahi Hamid Faghani Majid Mohammad Nejad Seyed Hamed Mousavi Sabet

This study aimed to determine different dose effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) powder on some blood and growth factors in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) which investigated for eight weeks. For this purpose, 750 fish were examined with the mean weight of 20 More

This study aimed to determine different dose effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) powder on some blood and growth factors in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) which investigated for eight weeks. For this purpose, 750 fish were examined with the mean weight of 20±5 g in a completely randomized design with five treatments and three repeats for each treatment. The fish were daily fed by 3% body weight with a diet containing 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 g of cinnamon powder per 1 kg of feed. Growth factors were measured every two weeks, and hematological parameters were measured at the end of 8th week due to the standard laboratory measures on peduncle blood. Maximum weight, total length, specific growth rate, and optimal feed conversion ratio belonged to the feed containing 12 g of cinnamon (p < 0.05). Regarding the blood factors, no significant difference existed between various treatments and control group, while the maximum number of leukocytes and highest percentage of lymphocyte were observed in the treatment containing 12 g of cinnamon powder (p < 0.05). In general, it can be concluded that cinnamon powder stimulates growth, enhances the immune system, prevents the diseases, and promotes the resistance in the rainbow trout juvenile. Manuscript profile

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24 - The Frequency and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Aeromonas hydrophila and Yersinia ruckeri Isolated from Diseased Rainbow Trout Cultured in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
Nima Panahi Far Mohsen Pournia Reza Salighehzadeh Marjan Mosafer

10.22034/ascij.2023.1975527.1450

Recognition of resistance and susceptibility of problematic bacteria such as Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout farms, in proper selection of antibiotics and infection control in breeding ponds. It plays an effective role. In this study, 100 dise More

Recognition of resistance and susceptibility of problematic bacteria such as Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout farms, in proper selection of antibiotics and infection control in breeding ponds. It plays an effective role. In this study, 100 diseased fish were collected from rainbow trout farms in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and after performing biochemical tests and purification of Aeromonas hydrophila and Yersinia ruckeri species, using PCR test with specific primers were finally approved. Antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria was investigated by disk diffusion method by culture on Müller-Hinton agar medium. Examination of the results of antibiogram of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates showed that the highest resistance was related to the antibiotics ampicillin (100%), colistin (80%), enrofloxacin (80%), flumquin (80%) and then, Compared to tetracycline (60%) and fluorophenicol (60%) antibiotics. The most sensitive isolates were related to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (60%) and phosphomycin (60%) antibiotics. Examination of the antibiogram results of Yersinia ruckeri isolates showed that the highest resistance among the isolates was related to the antibiotics ampicillin (100%), erythromycin (100), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100%) and colistin (83.34%) and then showed about 67% resistance to tetracycline, fluorophenicol and phosphomycin antibiotics. Resistance to the antibiotics flumequin, lincomycin + spectinomycin (lincospectin) and enrofloxacin were also observed to be 50%, which means that none of these antibiotics would be a viable option for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by Yersinia ruckeri. In order to avoid growing bacterial resistance and to take the most effective decision in terms of antibiotic therapy, usage of antibiotics without antibiogram must be avoided. . Manuscript profile

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25 - The Relation of Chemical Blend, Diet Fatty Acids and Filet of Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Growth Period
M. Salehi M. Ghaeni M. Javaheri Babeli

In this survey, the influence of protein diminution and increscent of diet lipid on chemical blend and fatty acids of filet (in three weights, 10-25 gr, 25-75 gr and 130-300 gr) in Oncorhynchus mykiss was studied. Accordingly, between the total length, and standard leng More

In this survey, the influence of protein diminution and increscent of diet lipid on chemical blend and fatty acids of filet (in three weights, 10-25 gr, 25-75 gr and 130-300 gr) in Oncorhynchus mykiss was studied. Accordingly, between the total length, and standard length and the weight of three filets, there was a great difference (P >0.05). The maximum amount of protein (18.6%) found in 150-250 gr filets and its lipid was 2.3%. The minimum amount of protein (17.05%) was measured in 15-25 gr filets with 46.2% lipid. The maximum amount of ash in 150-250 gr size was 1%, and its minimum amount was measured in 50-70 gr size as 0.53%. As for the saturated fatty acids (MUFA), the maximum amounts were measured in the filet of 150-250 gr fishes, and its minimum amount was found in the filet of 15-25 gr fishes (P>0.05). In fatty acids (PUFA), the maximum amounts of these acids were measured in filet of 150-250 gr fishes, and its minimum amount was in filet of 15-25 gr as (0.27%). This proportion (DHA/EPA) showed that the increase of size of fish is caused this proportion to be increased. The diminution of diet protein had no negative effect on the growth of fish, and as for the cost of protein, it can be decreased in diet and replaced with lipid. O. mykiss especially, 130-300 gr filets because of having valuable protein and fatty acids, in contrast to two another filets (15-25 gr and 50-70 gr) are very valuable in feeding.   Manuscript profile

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26 - Survey of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) effects on blood indices of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles
Mina Tavassoli Rudsari Hamidreza Jamalzadeh Elmira Mikaeili Agah

10.22034/ap.2018.569113.1022

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27 - The Study of Trace Elements Zn, P, K and Ca in Muscle, Liver and Gill of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Different Growth Stages
Misaq tayebzadeh mohammad velayatzadeh

This study aims to determine and comparison trace elements Zn, P, K and Ca in fish eggs, muscle of fingerling, fish market and male and female breeding stock farmed Oncorhynchus mykiss from Lorestan province in 2011. 75 samples by fish eggs, fingerling, fish market and More

This study aims to determine and comparison trace elements Zn, P, K and Ca in fish eggs, muscle of fingerling, fish market and male and female breeding stock farmed Oncorhynchus mykiss from Lorestan province in 2011. 75 samples by fish eggs, fingerling, fish market and male and female breeding stock were prepared. The highest and lowest of Zn obtained in liver of fingerling (26.90±1.15 mg/kg) and muscle of male breeding stock (6.16±0.45 mg/kg). The highest and lowest of P were in liver of fingerling (3966.42±125.86 mg/kg) and gill of female breeding stock (2400±144.76 mg/kg). The highest and lowest of K in muscle of fish market (5000±132.28 mg/kg) and in muscle of fingerling (3712.64±76.83 mg/Kg). The highest and lowest of Ca were in liver of male breeding stock (464.85±30.55 mg/kg) and muscle of fish market (193.39±15.27 mg/kg). Zn in liver and gill of fingerling muscle of fish market was higher than other growth stages. P in muscle, liver and gill of fingerling were higher than other growth stages. Concentration of K in muscle, liver and gill of fish market was higher than other growth stages. Ca in muscle, liver and gill of male breeding stock were higher than other growth stages. Manuscript profile

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28 - Total replacement of fish meal by common mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) stalks meal on some growth performance of rainbow trout
Meysan Salehi Esmaeil Pirali Kheirabadi Amar Salehi Farsani Seyyed Pezhman Hosseini Shekarabi Amir hossein Omidi Arman Jafari

       In this study common mushroom stalks meal (MSM), as a huge waste of commercial mushroom culturing, was conducted to evaluate as a replacement for fish meal in diets of juvenile rainbow trout in an initial 46 days feeding trial. Two diets conta More

       In this study common mushroom stalks meal (MSM), as a huge waste of commercial mushroom culturing, was conducted to evaluate as a replacement for fish meal in diets of juvenile rainbow trout in an initial 46 days feeding trial. Two diets containing 0% and %100 MSM were formulated. Significant differences in survival rate (%) between the fish meal based control diet and diets containing up to 100% MSM was not observed (p>0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of common diet (1.35±0.036) showed significantly increased with fish meal diet (p<0.05). However, MSM diet showed the best results in BWG (16.50±5.185 %), SGR (1.29±0.055), FCR (1.26±0.066), HIS (1.53±0.235 %) and VSI (20.52±0.763 %) in comparison to common diet (p<0.05). Based on the results, juvenile rainbow trout diet contain up to 100% MSM without any loss of growth performance, thereby showing higher growth properties in comparison with fish meal. This study shows that mushroom stalks meal can replace 100% of fish meal in experimental rainbow trout diets. Further trials to identify the best formula between MSM and fish meal are necessary. Manuscript profile

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29 - Study of Anesthetic Effects by Clove Powder and Its Effects on Hematological Parameters on Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
mohamamd Rahimi hossein oraji

       Powder cloves is preparing of flowers and dry stalks cloves tree and  used for an anesthesia fish in the short term.it is water-soluble and easily accessible with low cost. The anesthetic effects of clove powder were studied in juvenile r More

       Powder cloves is preparing of flowers and dry stalks cloves tree and  used for an anesthesia fish in the short term.it is water-soluble and easily accessible with low cost. The anesthetic effects of clove powder were studied in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The effects of exposures to various dosages of clove powder were measured. Times to induction and recovery from anesthesia were measured. It was used in concentrations of 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L clove powder  and The hematological parameters was assessed before, immediately after 5 min of anesthesia and 24 h, after the anesthesia. Result indicated that time to reach various stages of anesthesia and recovery time of consciousness is directly correlates with the concentration of anesthetic solution.. Blood samples 5 min exposure clove powder caused the significant increase (P<0.05) in the hematocrit, hemoglobin and total erythrocyte count after anesthesia .These values returned back to normal within 24 hours .Clove powder anesthesia had not effect on other hematological parameters. Results of the examinations suggest that the use of clove powder at the concentrations of 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L does not cause irreversible damage of the blood parameters in rainbow trout. Manuscript profile

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30 - Effect of minerals on some immune factors of trout fish (Oncorhynchs mykiss)
Pooyan Bahman Hooman Rajabi Islami Mehdi Soltani

      The most basic needs of fish breeders is the enhancing the immune system and increasing growth and survival of fishes in their early life stages. Therefore, an experiment was designed to determine the effect of mineral supplementary on the survival More

      The most basic needs of fish breeders is the enhancing the immune system and increasing growth and survival of fishes in their early life stages. Therefore, an experiment was designed to determine the effect of mineral supplementary on the survival of fishes and some safety variables were investigated on rainbow trout fish (Oncorhynchs mykiss) at a fish farm located in Amol. This supplementary included 8 mineral materials the zinc, copper, cobalt, manganese, magnesium, selenium and iron. Six diets containing different amounts of mineral premixes with 2, 3 and 4% of the minerals of treatment 1 were designed. Seven hundred young fishes with initial weight 40 ± 1 g were divided into 6 treatments and 3 replications and 40 young fishes were randomly assigned to any place. Young fishes were fed the diets for 12 weeks. In all experiments, control treatment has the lowest level of the safety variable of fish. The results showed that the survival rate of young fishes in all treatments was 100% and no deformity, such as changing the gill cover, unusual swimming with horizontal and vertical curvature of the spine of rainbow trout fishes was observed during the 12 week period of culture. Also, the significant differences were observed between total protein, hematocrit, white blood cells, red blood cells and albumin (P≤0.05). Some parameters of hematology of fishes were analyzed in twice sampling. It was not observed significant differences between two times of sampling, but in treatments in the differential count of white and red blood cells were observed the significant differences (P≤0.05). Furthermore, more safety level related to treatments 1 and U. The results showed that the amount of minerals to improve safety indices of rainbow trout young fishes compared to the diet recommended U is one percent more. Manuscript profile

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31 - Alternative role of hole sesame meal instead of part of fish meal in feeding diets of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss)
Mina Faal Hossein Emadi

    Rainbow trout is the most importantspecies ofcold water fishes in Iran and the feeding diets which improve the quality and growth of this fish are of great importance. In this study, 360 youth of rainbow trout fingerlings with approximate weight More

    Rainbow trout is the most importantspecies ofcold water fishes in Iran and the feeding diets which improve the quality and growth of this fish are of great importance. In this study, 360 youth of rainbow trout fingerlings with approximate weight of 100±0.04g were fed with different concentrations of sesame seed (%) in their diets instead of fish meal for 120 days. Feeding diets were prepared in 4 concentration levels (15, 20 and 25 percent of mealed sesame seed instead of fish meal, and same diet without sesame seed meal for the witness group)  in triplicates as a completely random design experiment. The highest rate of weight gain (281.5±0.08g), length gain (27.5±0.01 cm), specific growth rate (1.45±0.01), protein efficiency rate (2.09±0.01) and food conversion ratio (1.4±0.01) were obtained in treatment 3. The lowest rate of weight gain (245±0.04g), length gain (26.5±0.01 cm), specific growth rate (1.2±0.04), protein efficiency (1.45±0.04) and food conversion ratio (1.9±0.04) was obtained in the witness treatment. The obtained results indicated a significant difference among the witness and treatments (P<0.001). Alternation of sesame seed improved the growth and health of rainbow trout  fingerlings. These results demonstrated that sesame seed meal can be used as an alternative ingredient in its feeding diet, instead of fish meal.  Manuscript profile

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