List of Articles Metalwork

• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  1 - The Authenticity of Sassanid Silver Plates Based on Technological and Pathological Investigations
  Masoumeh Yousefi Seyyed Ali Asghar Mir Fattah Farzad Mafi
  10.30495/peb.2023.703112
  Determining the authenticity of ancient artifacts is one of the important issues in the field of cultural heritage, which, due to the diversification of forgery methods, leads researchers to use more practical methods to determine the authenticity of cultural artifacts. More

  Determining the authenticity of ancient artifacts is one of the important issues in the field of cultural heritage, which, due to the diversification of forgery methods, leads researchers to use more practical methods to determine the authenticity of cultural artifacts. Sassanid silver plates are among the objects that are of special importance because they reveal some cultural and artistic features of the Sassanid period. Until now, the identification of the authenticity of these plates has been mostly based on morphology and explanation of motifs. Considering the ease of creating motifs of this period, the mentioned method is not enough to identify fake plates and there is a need for additional methods. The research question is whether it is possible to find out the authenticity of a cultural artifact based on the identification of the construction and decoration techniques and the damage caused to the object. To address this research, a comprehensive investigation has been conducted on a sample set comprising 50 Sassanid silver plates sourced from prominent museum collections including the Reza Abbasi, Miho, Metropolitan, Hermitage, and British Museums. This investigation encompasses both technical analyses and pathological examinations. The results show that silver analysis, comparing the concentration of elements with the original sample and the technique of mercury gilding, as well as bimetallic corrosion with special characteristics and observation of filamentous corrosion can help recognize the authenticity of such artifacts in addition to the originality of the form and motif. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  2 - Investigating the Process of Ancient Metalworking Industry in Qazvin Plain
  Khodakaram Mazaheri
  Ever since man succeeded in discovering metal and realized its value, this industry has always played an important role in the course of human life, and man has tried to solve many of his problems by using it as much as possible. Due to the importance of this industry a More

  Ever since man succeeded in discovering metal and realized its value, this industry has always played an important role in the course of human life, and man has tried to solve many of his problems by using it as much as possible. Due to the importance of this industry and its progress and development, the period of metal use has been divided into three shorter stages of copper, bronze and iron. The environmental conditions for the emergence of metallurgy and metal industries in the semi-arid plains of the Iranian plateau have been very suitable, because in these areas there are various and abundant minerals that are still exploited. The proximity of these mineral resources to ancient sites has provided a good base for the extraction and production of metals in the ancient period. One of the important areas of Iran, which is very important in this field and studies have been done in this field so far, is the Qazvin Plain, which we will examine in this article. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  3 - Introduction of Two Examples of Timurid Period Objects in the National Museum of Yerevan, Armenia
  Shahram Heidarabadian
  This article deals with an analysis of the components of crucible steel, which was made in Iran. It is very important so one can learn about the internal structure of this precious steel.  Because all physical attributes of this type of steel such as sharpness, fle More

  This article deals with an analysis of the components of crucible steel, which was made in Iran. It is very important so one can learn about the internal structure of this precious steel.  Because all physical attributes of this type of steel such as sharpness, flexibility, sturdiness, white lines set in blackish/grayish background are all due to the elemental components of this type of steel and as well due to the processes of making crucible steel, forging, quenching, and tempering.  To understand the components and the internal structure of the crucible steel some samples were taken from four antique Persian swords kept in the Cultural Institute of Bonyad.  Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  4 - The Emergence of Iron
  Khodakaram Mazaheri
  It is no secret that the Iron Age has a very important place in Iranian archeology studies. In this period, we witness the emergence of significant cultural, economic, social and political changes in the plateau of Iran. In the archeology of Iran, important cultural ind More

  It is no secret that the Iron Age has a very important place in Iranian archeology studies. In this period, we witness the emergence of significant cultural, economic, social and political changes in the plateau of Iran. In the archeology of Iran, important cultural indicators of this period, especially pottery, architecture and burial, have been comprehensively and extensively studied and researched. However, in the studies related to this period in Iran, the process of iron metallurgy has not been discussed in detail. From this point of view, no comprehensive and independent research has been conducted that includes various aspects of iron metallurgy in the ancient period. Meanwhile, by using the sciences related to the metallurgical industry, it is possible to clarify many issues and ambiguities about the cultural developments of this period. This article aims to present the results of studies on iron metallurgy in ancient times. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  5 - The Art and Craft of Urartian Helmet Making
  Bahram Ajorloo Farshid Iravani Ghadim
  From the beginning of the 9th century BC, the kingdom of Urartu began military expansion to the east and south of its territory. Urartu's expansionism, which had economic goals, was always accompanied by military conflicts. For this reason, the Urartian metalworkers bec More

  From the beginning of the 9th century BC, the kingdom of Urartu began military expansion to the east and south of its territory. Urartu's expansionism, which had economic goals, was always accompanied by military conflicts. For this reason, the Urartian metalworkers became skilled in the production of various offensive and defensive weapons, so that specialized branches emerged among the craftsmen, one of which was the manufacture of helmets and other defense tools. Urartu helmets can be divided into two main groups: (1) standard helmets and (2) shoulder helmets. Standard helmets are divided into three groups in terms of shape: (1) conical, (2) sharp, (3) pointed. The inscriptions on the helmets have made it possible to date them. Inscribed helmets were made throughout the history of the Urartu Kingdom. The main metal used in making Urartu helmets is bronze. To make a helmet, first, thin sheets of bronze were produced by casting technique. Then, the craftsman makes these sheets into a cone shape by bending or riveting, and then the artist makes a pattern on it by hammering and penning. Helmet making was accompanied by side handicrafts such as earplugs making, shoulder strap making and leather embroidery. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  6 - Exploration and Comparison of Urartian Metal Findings of Northwest Iran, with Similar Exotic Case Studies
  Seyed Ali Asghar Mirfatah Reza Saburi Nojehdehi
  Research and exploration on discovered Urartian metal findings from Iran’s ancient sites, now kept in Iran’s Archaeology museum, constitutes the main subject of the current article, in which with regard to structural techniques such as casting, moulding, bra More

  Research and exploration on discovered Urartian metal findings from Iran’s ancient sites, now kept in Iran’s Archaeology museum, constitutes the main subject of the current article, in which with regard to structural techniques such as casting, moulding, brazing and…, metal working has been studied as one of the most distinguishing artistic and industrial elements of the first millenniums BC civilization. As a result of the research and comparison of applied techniques on mentioned findings, it turns out that Urartian metalworking in Anatolia territory-backed by thousand years experiments of craftsmen of this land-had reached its peak and was carried out with great dexterity, especially in the context of casting of delicate objects such as arrow heads and safety pins with a chain. After arriving in Northwest Iran this art was influenced by technical and artistic experiments of northwest metal working, although, regarding structure and from, metal productions of Northwest Iran were exactly similar to Anatoli samples some artistic and industrial elements of Northwest Iran metalworking had appeared in them. Further, Northwest Iran metalworkers following Urartian industrial techniques and forms had applied their local techniques and experiments in producing metal products. Meanwhile, some Urartian metalwork were imported products. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  7 - Semi-quantitative Respiratory Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to Metalworking Fluids (Oil Mists) in an Automotive Industry
  Zahra Moradpour Soleiman Ramezanifar Elham Asgari Gandomani Rezvan Zendehdel
  10.22034/jchr.2022.1953775.1517
  Manuscript profile