List of Articles Lethal Dose

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  1 - Determination of AquaStart median lethal dose (LC50) as a disinfectant agent and study of the gill pathological effects on fry rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
  Hooshangi, R., Soltani, M., Hosseini Shekarabi, S.P. .
  Aquastart is introduced as a peroxide-based disinfectant agent in aquaculture industries of Iran for the first time. This study was designed to determine the median lethal dose (LC50) for 96 hours and histopathological finding in gill tissue. On fry rainbow trout. The r More

  Aquastart is introduced as a peroxide-based disinfectant agent in aquaculture industries of Iran for the first time. This study was designed to determine the median lethal dose (LC50) for 96 hours and histopathological finding in gill tissue. On fry rainbow trout. The research was carried out by 510 rainbow trout fry with an average weight of 1.33±0.01 grin 30 liter tanks under static conditions. Fish was exposed to 65, 75, 80, 85, 95, 100, 110 and 115 ppm concentrations of Aquastart for 96 hours. LC50 value of 89.4 mg/L was estimated for Aquastart by collecting the mortality of fish during 96 hours with using of probity analysis. It was found that in the lethal concentrations of Aquastart abnormal symptoms such as open-mouthed swimming, flashing, gasping for air, sinking to the bottom, balance gone, turned upside down and open-mouthed death were observed in comparison to control group. The histological investigation showed a range of histopathological alternations in gills tissue including epithelial cells necrosis, hyperplasia, hyperemia, lamellar adhesion and clubbing of at the tip of secondary gill lamellae. However, the severity of these alternations increased with increasing of the doses of Aquastart and extensive necrosis was observed in this regard. The highest mortality rate was obtained with increasing duration of exposure and concentration of Aquastart, according to increased toxicity of the agent. This study will be the basis of in vivo research for this disinfectant agent. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Effect of lethal exposure of lead acetate on histopathology of gills of probiotic- treated zebra fish (Danio rerio)
  , F. Tehrani N. Hadizadeh Shirazi, , R. Kazempoor
  For this purpose, 360 Zebra fish were divided into two groups and fed for 60 days with commercial food (control group) or enriched diet with Lactobacillus fermentum as probiotic (test group). After this time, both groups were in the vicinity of 0.3 mg / l of lead and th More

  For this purpose, 360 Zebra fish were divided into two groups and fed for 60 days with commercial food (control group) or enriched diet with Lactobacillus fermentum as probiotic (test group). After this time, both groups were in the vicinity of 0.3 mg / l of lead and their survivability, tissue metal uptake and their histological damages were studied within 48 hours. Based on the results, the fish in the test group were able to tolerate the lethal dose of lead for more than 24 hours compared to the control group. After 48 hours of poisoning, the amount of metal uptake in both liver and gill tissue was significantly lower for the experimental group than in the control group. Moreover, tissue damage such as vein dilatation, lamella fusion and telangiectasia were significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group. Epithelial cell hyperplasia was not observed in the probiotic- treated group. It could be concluded that probiotic enriched diet can significantly reduce the toxic effects of lethal doses of lead in fish. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Effects of Sublethal concentrations of fungus Beauveria bassiana on the reproductive potentials of sawtoothed beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis on commercial date cultivars
  Masoud Latifian Ebrahim Soleimannejadian Mehran Ghazvi Mohammad Saeid Mosadegh Jamshid Hayati
  Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) is an entomopathogenic fungus one of Oryzaephilus surinamensis L.. In this study effects of sublethal doses of  pathogen on  reproductive potential , the amount of oviposition and the percentage of egg hatching of sawtooth beetles More

  Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) is an entomopathogenic fungus one of Oryzaephilus surinamensis L.. In this study effects of sublethal doses of  pathogen on  reproductive potential , the amount of oviposition and the percentage of egg hatching of sawtooth beetles were investigated in terms of feeding on three Dates cultivars including Sayer, Zahedi and Deiri long in vitro condition. Adults were treated by 5 sublethal doses including 102, 5×102, 103, 5×103 and 104 Spores in ml and compared by control. Then, the sublethal doses of reduced reproductive potential of each cultivar  were calculated by using Log-Probit analysis method. The tested doses of pathogen had decreasing effects on fertility index. The synergist of fungal pathogen and cultivars on reduce fertility rates were gradually by the increasing pathogen doses. Minimum and maximum sublethal doses for reducing the 50 percent amount of oviposition were showed in population grew on Zahedi and Deiri cultivars and equivalent to 1.497×103 and 4.963×103 spores/ml respectively. Minimum and maximum sulethal doses for reduction 50 percent egg hatching were showed in population grew on the Zahedi and Sayer cultivars and, equivalent to 6.316×103 and 8.28×103 spores/ml respectively. The results of this study showed that the fungus B. bassiana had a significant effect in reducing the reproduction potentials. The pathogen ability to reduce the reproduction potentials was in addition depended on the fungi dose and Date cultivars that feeding by the pest. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Effect of gamma radiation on different growth stages of the carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lep.: Pyralidae)
  M. Roohi A. Askrianzadeh H. R. Zolfagharieh M. Babaii
  The carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lep., pyralidae), is the most important pest of pomegranate in Iran. The damage of carob moth is important both in orchard and harvested pomegranates. In this study, the effect of different doses of gamma radiation on dif More

  The carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lep., pyralidae), is the most important pest of pomegranate in Iran. The damage of carob moth is important both in orchard and harvested pomegranates. In this study, the effect of different doses of gamma radiation on different growth stages (one-day-old and four-days-old eggs, the first- instar larva, the last- instar larvae, pupa and adults) of carob moth were investigated. Results indicated that the range of lethal doses for different growth stages were estimated 125 to 225, 475 to 500, 600 to 1100, 900 to 1200, 1000 to 1300 and  800 to 1300 Gy, respectively. Consequently , the eggs and the first instar larva of E. ceratoniae  in harvested pomegranates could be controled by maximum dose of 1000 Gy of gamma radiation. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Investigating the lethal and sublethal effects of Hexaflumoron and Flufenoxuron on some biological parameters of chrysoperla carnea Stephens. (Neuroptera:Crysopidae).
  Mehdi Dehghani-Zahedani Hassan Mirzahashemi-Davoudabadi Soltan Ravan Abbas Khani
  The common green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea Stephens. is one of the critical natural enemies of pistachio psyllid Agonoscena pistaciae Burkhardt and Lauterer. in pistachio orchards of the Kerman province of Iran. Considering the economic importance of the pistachio psy More

  The common green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea Stephens. is one of the critical natural enemies of pistachio psyllid Agonoscena pistaciae Burkhardt and Lauterer. in pistachio orchards of the Kerman province of Iran. Considering the economic importance of the pistachio psyllid, knowledge of the interactions between the pesticides used and biological pest control agents in the case of pistachio psyllid is necessary to implement IPM programs. In this research, the effects of some Hexaflumoron and Flufenoxuron insecticides were investigated on some biological parameters of C.carnea in the laboratory and the growth chamber with temperature conditions of 26±1C°, Relative humidity of 70±5 and photoperiod 16 hours of light and eight the hour of darkness. The estimated LC50 values for Hexaflumoron and Flufenoxuron on first-instar larvae of the C.carnea were 1.8 µg/ml and 5.2 µg/ml, respectively. LC25, as a measure of sub-lethal effects for hexaflumoron and flufenoxuron was estimated as 0.66 µg/ml and 3.3 µg/ml, respectively. According to the analysis of variance, the duration of immature stages and the lifespan of adults in the treatment with Flufenoxuron and Hexaflumoron significantly increased and decreased at 1% compared to the control. Concerning the sublethal effects of Flufenoxuron and Hexaflumoron, the duration of the immature stages of C.carnea increased by 7.6 and 9.1%, respectively, compared to the control, and the lifespan of adult insects decreased by 6.9% and 10.6% respectively. No significant difference was detected between Flufenoxuron and Hexaflumoron in terms of the immature and adult lifespans. The LC25 values of Flufenoxuron and Hexaflumoron reduced the fertility of C.carnea by 19.7% and 33.2%, respectively. Also, the hatching rate of C.carnea eggs in contact with Flufenoxuron and Hexaflumoron decreased by 21.7% and 31.4%, respectively. Due to Flufenoxuron's lower effect than Hexaflumoron on some biological parameters of C.carnea, using Flufenoxuron is more recommended according to the integrated management of A.pistaciae. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Effects of Malathion Pesticides on Liver and Kidney in Gold Fish (carasius auratus)
  علی Bagherpour H.A Ebrahimzadeh مینا Rostami
  Due to the increasing use of pesticides in agriculture and the entry of pollutants into water sources, toxins cause serious problems in aquatics such as fish. The effects of Malathion on liver and kidney were studied in aquarium this toxin is also used in agriculture a More

  Due to the increasing use of pesticides in agriculture and the entry of pollutants into water sources, toxins cause serious problems in aquatics such as fish. The effects of Malathion on liver and kidney were studied in aquarium this toxin is also used in agriculture and easily through the water is flowing into the ponds. In this study, concentrations of pesticides were used in the four treatments; the treatments consisted of a concentration of 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 and control group. There were 20 fish and 30 liters of water per aquarium and all conditions were the same for four aquarium. After 2, 4 and 6 days of liver and kidney were taken pathology samples, Hepatic necrosis, hemorrhage and pathologic hypertrophy was seen in slides, the deterioration in renal proximal and distal tubes and bleeding, degeneration was seen in kidney tubes This study concluded that gold fish were exposed to different sub lethal doses of Malathion may cause necrosis and destruction of cells in vital organs.   Manuscript profile
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  7 - Radiosensitivity Study for Identifying the Lethal Dose in MR219 (Oryza sativa L. spp. Indica cv. MR219)
  Ali Benjavad Talebi Amin Benjavad Talebi
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  8 - Study on antibacterial effect of marjoram (Origanum vulgare L) essential oil on bacteria causing citrus canker
  Maryam Shahivand Mojtaba Rezaei Ahmadabadi Eidi Bazgir Rostam Yazdani Bioki
  Background & Objectives: Citrus bacterial canker (CBC) disease is one of the main citrus diseases that is caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. The disease has been reported from several citrus- growing regions of Iran. Due to the high loss incurred by the disea More

  Background & Objectives: Citrus bacterial canker (CBC) disease is one of the main citrus diseases that is caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. The disease has been reported from several citrus- growing regions of Iran. Due to the high loss incurred by the disease, its control is very much needed.  One of the new methods to control the disease is the use of plant essential oils. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Marjoram essential oil on the activity of bacteria causing citrus canker. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, CBC- causing bacteria were isolated from infected Poldokhtar citrus gardens, and subsequently identified by phenotypic and biochemical tests, along with specific primers. The essential oil was extracted using a Clevenger extraction device. Antimicrobial effect of the essential oil was evaluated using disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the essential oil were investigated, as well. Then, the effect of different concentrations of marigold essential oil was studied. Following Marjoram essential oil preparation, it was injected into a Gas-Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the composition. Results: MIC and MBC of essential oil were observed as 3.5 µl/ml, and 4 µl/ml, respectively. The most effective concentration for disease prevention on cut leaves were 4 µl/ml , and 4.5 µl/ml, which reduced disease incidence by 62.5% and 53.12 % on water agar test, and trays method. Conclusion: It is concluded that marjoram essential oil can be used as a potential compound to control citrus bacterial canker disease. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Determination of Glyphosate Herbicide Median Lethal Concentration (LC50 96h) on Fry Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
  Safoora Poshthopanah mehdi mohammadalikhani Saltanat najarlashgari seyyed pezhman hosseini shekarabi
  This research was to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50 96h) Glyphosate that is used a lot on arable lands in order to determine the lethal concentration 50% of the fish population in 96 hours on 180 common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry weighing 3 to 5 g. The More

  This research was to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50 96h) Glyphosate that is used a lot on arable lands in order to determine the lethal concentration 50% of the fish population in 96 hours on 180 common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry weighing 3 to 5 g. The experiments were performed as a resident and according to the standard methods (O.E.C.D) for 4 days (96 hours) and measured and controlled physical and chemical parameters of water such as pH, total hardness, dissolved oxygen and temperature. Also investigated the behavior of common carp larvae carefully during the test period. Preliminary experiments were conducted to find a range of lethality by releasing 10 common carp larvae per aquarium 20 liter with continuous aeration. The final test was done 5 treatments (concentrations of 65, 69.64, 74.61, 79.92 and 84.61 ppm) and three replications. The amount of LC10, LC50 and LC90 were calculated using Probit test. Acute toxicity of Glyphosate herbicide in common carps were calculated 68.83 ppm and based on the standards for pesticide toxicity was graded in the row pesticides with low toxicity. Manuscript profile