List of Articles Karst

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  1 - Karst geomorohology of the Khaviza Anticline (North east of Behbahan)
  M.R Sarvati Gh Oscani
  Idensification of geomorphological characteristics of Karst area which are formedmainly of soluble Carbonate stones such as limestone is form the point of view ofapplication are related to many human activities such as industry and agricultural dueto the water they prov More

  Idensification of geomorphological characteristics of Karst area which are formedmainly of soluble Carbonate stones such as limestone is form the point of view ofapplication are related to many human activities such as industry and agricultural dueto the water they provide for thoese activities. The Khaviz anticline which is located inthe province Khoozestan and in folded Zagros, is studied in this trend. This anticline isdivided by Marun river in two western and eastern parts. The gurpi formation (latecretaceous), pabdeh formation (Eocene), asmari limestone (oligomiocene) andquartaermary alluvial materials are exposed in this anticline. Tectonic movements havecrushed the anticline and caused joint systems and 24 faults. The present climate issemiarid. Despite this climate there are different forms of karst features such as Lapies(german, karren), Dolines, uvalas, and karst vallies. These forms seems to belong tothe paleokarst. Geological structure and conditions of lithologhy has controlled thelater evolution of karst features dominantly. Manuscript profile
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  2 - The role of lineaments in karstification- Pabdeh anticline Zagros Fold Belt: an application of remote sensing and geographic information system
  سعید Pirasteh
  Karstification is a process of geology and caused by mechanical or chemical erosionand solution in water, like lime stone, dolomite, gypsum or salts near the surface of theearth. Karstification is generally developed in an area where contains lime stone andlineament wit More

  Karstification is a process of geology and caused by mechanical or chemical erosionand solution in water, like lime stone, dolomite, gypsum or salts near the surface of theearth. Karstification is generally developed in an area where contains lime stone andlineament with humid condition. Pabdeh anticline in Lali from Zagros Fold Belt southwest of Iran is selected to study the karstification and lineaments. This study beginswith digital image processing and extraction of lineaments on Landsat ETM+ imagedated 2002 and to map geology of the area. Geographical information system (GIS) isused for spatial analysis and to generate various maps. This study is emphasis toinfluences of lineaments-tectonics on karstification and guide for exploration ofground water in kart region of Pabdeh anticline. The study shows more accrue digitalgeology and structural maps than previous maps. This study also reveals the dolinesare following the lineaments directions in the area. Manuscript profile
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  3 - The investigating of the geomorphology of Gezeh anticline and it's effect of water supply on the region (West Hormozgan and south east Fars)
  عبدالله Lavariniad Mohammad reza Asghari Moghadam
  The Geza anticline is located in region of Janah in Hormozgan province. Theclimate of this region is hot and dry and this makes is rain little and almost rain inwinter. The annual average raining of the region is about 180 mm and the averagetemperature is about 27C . Th More

  The Geza anticline is located in region of Janah in Hormozgan province. Theclimate of this region is hot and dry and this makes is rain little and almost rain inwinter. The annual average raining of the region is about 180 mm and the averagetemperature is about 27C . The annual rate of evaporation is about 3540/5 m3 .Thebasin of the region is a part of Mehran River basin which is one of the big basins insouth of Iran.There are many of geomorphologic landforms in geza anticline ; suchas,slopes,coombs, terrain,alloviall fan and other typical forms.The karst massive of Geza is a type from the semi and arid.The karstic forms thatare made in this anticline are:microcarren,karren,and microdolines.Conclusion:According to the passage, because of natural conditions in this region programmingshould agree with capabilities of natural environment and should be prevented frompressure on the water ground . In this regard, the government should try increaseground water by performing landuse projects , restore pastures and encourage peopleto perfor birth control. Manuscript profile
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  4 - The management of water resources in karsts of Izeh Township
  غلامحسین اسکانی کزازی محسن رنجبر
  After America's countries, China and Turkey, has a higher percentage of karst and karst structures more than % 11 of the country covered. Karst resources, primarily in the highlands are almost out of human pollution, so the water resources are very important. This stud More

  After America's countries, China and Turkey, has a higher percentage of karst and karst structures more than % 11 of the country covered. Karst resources, primarily in the highlands are almost out of human pollution, so the water resources are very important. This study reviews the status of water resources management ize the city is the karst.  This analysis - and with the description. Stnad Affairs of the field studies have been conducted. We also prepared several maps for analysis and spss software was used Gis. The results indicate that plain Izeh karstic phenomenon is an important karstic regions of Iran. The total area of ​​approximately 380 square kilometer basin Izeh is plain, of which 175 square kilometers and 205 square kilometers in altitude karstic forms. Its lowest point is abbandan and lakes Myangran. Ize the city is about 600 to 800 mm rainfall. The rainfall for the region's limestone formations in Karstic phenomena is sufficient. Much of the drinking water for residents of the city of Izeh drilling wells in limestone formations are limestone Asmari supply. There are limestone caves and springs of karstic karstic phenomena in the discharge of high quality and very good at making Asmari Izeh punctures in karst limestone region is an indication of the phenomenon. According to available information seems hard formations that this region has the potential to be a proper water management for optimum utilization of water resources can provide drinking water for city residents and the development of social and economic therefore is important. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Assessment and mapping vulnerability of Dalahoo Karstic aquifer
  Ali Dastranj Ahmad Nohegar Arash Malekian Hamid Gholami Maryam Jafari Aghdam
  Vulnerability assessment and vulnerability mapping, is an important strategy for management of karst water resources. Due to the geomorphology of developed karst in Dalahoo karst aquifers and in other natural conditions of the area, the spread of contamination in these More

  Vulnerability assessment and vulnerability mapping, is an important strategy for management of karst water resources. Due to the geomorphology of developed karst in Dalahoo karst aquifers and in other natural conditions of the area, the spread of contamination in these karstic sources is rapid and extensive. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a Dalahoo karstic aquifer vulnerability map in Kermanshah province against surface contamination using the COP model. According to the aforementioned approach, the COP method considers three factors to assess the resource vulnerability: Overlying layers (O), Concentration of flow (C) and Precipitation regime (P). After calculating three factors C, O, P and preparing their vulnerability map, these layers were multiplied and the final map of the vulnerability of the Dalaho karstic aquifer was calculated. The results show that 32.83%, 14.32%, 22.22%, 14.34% and 16.47% of the area are located in the very high, high, moderate, low and very low vulnerable zones and this classes have been 222.88, 97.2, 147.49, 97.38 and 11.82 km2 of this area, respectively. Also, the results of vulnerability classes and their area indicate that 69.2% of the total area are located in the very high, high and moderate vulnerabilities, which indicates the high vulnerability of Dalahoo aquifer to contamination. The very high vulnerability zone with 222.88 Km2, has the largest area of the region. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Identification of karst areas using Remote sensing and GIS method and its expansion in Zalem-Rud sub-basin of Sari in Mazandaran, Iran
  Mohammad Ali Gholi Nataj Malekshah Davood Jahani Seyed Ramzan Mousavi Nader Kohansal Ghadimvand Seyed Hamid Vaziri
  10.30495/girs.2022.684338
  Background and Objective Karst is a composite image of all the roughness, shapes, pores, and phenomena caused by water corrosion, above and below the surface, in various soluble geological formations, which cover about 15% of the world's exposed rocks. Despite the impor More

  Background and Objective Karst is a composite image of all the roughness, shapes, pores, and phenomena caused by water corrosion, above and below the surface, in various soluble geological formations, which cover about 15% of the world's exposed rocks. Despite the importance of karst areas in the past, today, the study, identification, spatial analysis and management of these areas are of very interest to geologists, hydrologists, hydrogeologists, eco-tourists, geotourists and environmentalists at various scales. Karst phenomenon also has a special place in various dimensions from the point of view of geology and geomorphology, because the causes and methods of dissolution processes and forms and their extension in rocks and minerals are of great importance to East Mazandaran, especially in the study area, is geologically one of the areas with karst process potential and has been less studied due to environmental conditions, especially vegetation and access roads. This study is focused on identifying karst areas and their extent using RS and GIS method in the Zalem-Rud Sari basin in Mazandaran province in northern Iran. In order to identify karst areas and physicochemical characteristics of existing aquifers, it was first necessary to identify karst areas and then assess their physicochemical status. In the first step, using Landsat, ASTER and SRTM satellite data, geological maps, weather information and field visits, factors affecting karstification such as rock types, Fracture lineaments, vegetation, climate, condition of the drainages and the slope of the topography are extracted. It should be noted that in this step, to obtain a better result, fuzzy logic and Hierarchical Analysis Process have been used. In the second step, in order to investigate the physicochemical condition of the aquifer, the chemical parameters of some springs are analyzed and the dissolution parameters, saturation indices, the origin of water-soluble components and the general flow system in the existing aquifers are determined.Materials and Methods In this study, the composition and distribution of rock, based on field visits and georeferenced geological maps of one hundred thousandths of Behshahr and Sari, have been done. Three methods of manual, automatic and semi-automatic have been used to extract the lineaments due to fractures. In the manual method, the lineaments are highlighted and extracted by applying High Pass filters, PCA and the color combination of Landsat 8 satellite data. In the automatic method, the Segment Tracing Algorithm (STA) in PCI software is used. In the STA algorithm, linear pixels are identified based on the degree of gray difference and then converted to vectors based on RADI, GTHR, LTHR, FTHR, ATHR and DTHR parameters. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to detect and extract vegetation status on OLI sensor data from the Landsat 8 satellite. To generate DEM, photogrammetric techniques were performed on a pair of stereo images of ASTER sensor in Idrisi software based on parametric variables of external and external orientations and ground control points (GCPs). The topographic slope of the area has been calculated by DEM and based on the degree in GIS and its map has been prepared. Based on the weather data of the General Meteorological Department of Mazandaran Province, the weather condition is determined by the isothermal, isohyetal and isoevaporation curves and the type of weather is determined by the De Marton method.Results and Discussion The result of the above activities has been the production of lithological maps, density and distance from fracture lineaments, density and distance from drainages, topographic slope, rainfall and vegetation. Due to the different criteria used in the generated maps and the need for a single, comparable and proportionate criteria for combining information layers, fuzzy logic has been used. In this case, all layers, except lithology, which has a definite boundary and is a function of Boolean logic, are fuzzy and then extracted as fuzzy layers in GIS. On the other hand, because the weight and effectiveness of the eight factors affecting the occurrence of the karst phenomenon are not the same, the Hierarchical Analysis (AHP) method has been used to determine the preference and prioritization of these factors. And the participation rate, in other words, the weight of each criterion with an incompatibility coefficient of less than one percent has been calculated in Expert Choice 12 software. Finally, by the weighted linear combination (WLC) method, fuzzy raster layers based on their effective weight are combined with Compromise Operator or Gamma and the karst distribution map is extracted with different probability coefficients in the study area. In the next step, in order to investigate the physicochemical status of the aquifers and evaluate the karst phenomenon, 18 springs with equal flow and more than three litres per second were selected and evaluated using SPPS, RockWorks2016 and PHREEQC2.6 software. In addition to extracting hydrogeochemical tables and graphs, the saturation index of various minerals has also been calculated.Conclusion The results of this study show that the karst phenomenon has the most spread in the central part and the lineaments resulting from fractures have played the most role in the formation of this phenomenon. The water type of these springs is calcium-magnesium bicarbonate and according to the Gibbs diagram, the role of aquifer rocks in determining the chemical composition of water is very clear. Also, the saturation indices of minerals and the type of flow in groundwater reservoirs are diffuse and diffuse-duct flows. To this research, the use of new remote sensing technology and GIS increases accuracy and speed and reduces costs in karst studies. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Methods for Production of Metallogenic-Prognostic Map of Red Karst Bauxite in the Region of Nikšiãka Župa,Montenegro (Europe)
  Marko Pajovi„ Slobodan Radusinovi„
  Production of Metallogenic-prognostic map (MPM) was preceded by the preparation of instructions that define three phases of work: preparation (with preparation of the Project), realization of field and laboratory research and data processing with production of different More

  Production of Metallogenic-prognostic map (MPM) was preceded by the preparation of instructions that define three phases of work: preparation (with preparation of the Project), realization of field and laboratory research and data processing with production of different maps and, finally, production of the prognostic map with the accompanying instruction book. During the Project realization, the main task was construction of high-quality structural-geologic map at the scales of 1:25,000 and 1:50,000. Particular attention was paid to facial (lithological-stratigraphic) characteristics of geological formations in the hanging wall and footwall of Jurassic bauxites, including a detailed survey of numerous geologic columns. Besides, up to four geologic columns with detailed sampling for chemical, mineralogical and geochemical analyses were measured in each deposit and occurrence of bauxite. Production of special-purpose maps of the bauxite-bearing area was based on the geologic map and geologic cross-sections at the same scale. In order to produce these maps, particular criteria were defined and worked out, including classification and scoring according to the class. The next phase involved the production of the Basic map for MPM, with basic geographical ang geological contents. Isolines and scoring data were transferred to the MPM from the special-purpose maps. After that, points were gathered into six classes. Isolines were constructed by the perspectivity classes with the following scores: I: 4-6; II: 7-11; III: 1214; IV: 15-19; V: 20-22; VI: 23 points. In this way, regional zonation of the bauxite-bearing area was made according to the level of perspectivity, i.e. the Metallogenic-prognostic map of the investigated area was produced. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Study of the rainfall effects on bacterial concentration in the selected karst water resources, in typical arid and semi-arid region of Maharlu basin, Shiraz
  Ehsan Pouryasin Mehrdad Rahnemaei Mohammad Manshouri
  Each karstic aquifer has its own singular hydrodynamics behavior, flow pattern and infiltration capacitycharacteristics. Recent studies have shown that the karst aquifers responses to infiltration events are veryimportant. In this research, studies reveal the effectiven More

  Each karstic aquifer has its own singular hydrodynamics behavior, flow pattern and infiltration capacitycharacteristics. Recent studies have shown that the karst aquifers responses to infiltration events are veryimportant. In this research, studies reveal the effectiveness of rainfall events on the index bacterialconcentration in dry and wet period in a semi-arid region, Maharlu basin. But total rainfall does not have anydetermined relationship with total bacterial concentration in the selected karst water resources, so we need toprospect any event as unique. Manuscript profile
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  9 - The investigative of Kuh-e-siah anticline potential in abundance of water resources by using GIS in Dehdasht area
  Khodarahm Shafiei Motlagh
  Koh-e- Siah anticline is located at 20 km NE of Dehdasht city. The studied area is very important from aspect ofwater resources in Kohgilooye & Boerahmad province. So the karstic resources as a strategic resource is noticedthe government’s s province. Structur More

  Koh-e- Siah anticline is located at 20 km NE of Dehdasht city. The studied area is very important from aspect ofwater resources in Kohgilooye & Boerahmad province. So the karstic resources as a strategic resource is noticedthe government’s s province. Structural elements such as, faults, joints, folds and bedding patterns play animportant role in the karstification and development of Karst water resource. In this research emphasis is givento investigating whether structural elements and topographic factors, mapped using remote sensing, aerial photointerpretation and derived from the geologic map can be correlated with hydrologic phenomena. With thisassumption, various types of thematic layers have been prepared and integrated in a GIS environment due to thegood correlation between above mentioned factors and hydrologic phenomena it was concluded that tectonicelements have a positive influence on the groundwater occurrence and they act as transmission routs in thelimestone bodies. Manuscript profile
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  10 - Evaluation of Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Electromagnetic with Very Low Frequency Method in Identifying Buried Karst in Shaho Rifts (The Case of Quri Qaleh Cave)
  Ronak Shokati Amjad maleki Farzad Shirzaditabar
  Karst and karst cavities are one of the most challenging subjects. Given that karst areas cover approximately 20% of the land area, Identifying and investigating the location of karst buried cavities can be useful in various usages such as tourism development, subsidenc More

  Karst and karst cavities are one of the most challenging subjects. Given that karst areas cover approximately 20% of the land area, Identifying and investigating the location of karst buried cavities can be useful in various usages such as tourism development, subsidence prevention and karst water resources. In the rifts of Shaho, located in Kermanshah province, karst landforms, including caves and buried cavities, are well stretched. The current study attempted to identify rapid and early karst cavities using an easy and low-cost method in geomorphological studies. To this end, in Shaho rifts (Quri Qaleh cave and its surroundings), two geophysical methods namely Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Very Low Frequency Electromagnetism (VLF) were utilized and compared. Initially, by determining the location of the cave on the ground, the profile performing route was designed perpendicular to the cave route. Then, 5 profiles were performed by VLF and 4 profiles by ERT method. Four ERT profiles perpendicular to profiles 2, 4 and 5 of VLF were taken and finally the results of the two methods were compared. In addition to determining the exact location of the cave, the results of both methods revealed anomalies outside the cave. Other findings of the research include the possibility of rapidly achieving the results and the cheaper use of the VLF method compared to other identification methods. Manuscript profile
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  11 - The role of climate on diversity and morphological evolution of carbonate karst karns using geomorphometric technique in climatic zones of Kalat basin, east of Kopeh Dagh
  Hamid Nejadsoleymani reza doostan Saadolla Velayati abolfazl behniafar Mahnaz Jahadi toroghi
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of climatic conditions on the genesis and morphological diversity of karst rocks of carbonate formations in Kalat Basin in the east of Kopeh Dagh. For this purpose, the experimental method (geomorphometric overlap More

  The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of climatic conditions on the genesis and morphological diversity of karst rocks of carbonate formations in Kalat Basin in the east of Kopeh Dagh. For this purpose, the experimental method (geomorphometric overlap) based on climatic zoning model and laboratory studies (calcimetric and lime purity percentage) have been used. In the research process, first, the climatic zoning map of the basin was prepared through 25 stations with a statistical period of 35 years in the GIS environment and four climatic zones of the region were determined. Then, using geomorphometric techniques, ground samples were collected on 240 samples of three types of Karen with different morphology (linear, Pitcarn and Triticar). The results showed that the more humid the climate of the karst rock, the more not only the number of carnations per unit area will increase, but also the morphological diversity and evolution will increase. In fact, climate change has a very effective role in the genesis and development of surface karst Carns and there is a direct relationship between wetter climatic zones and morphological diversity and evolution of Carns in karst-forming formations, as in the climate zone (Q4). In humid climates, a variety of linear, depth and width of linear carnivores, triticarmens and peatcarns in temperate and humid climates (Q4.Q3) located at high altitudes to three to 10 times the size of carnivores Arises in arid and semi-arid climates (Q1, Q2). Manuscript profile
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  12 - Investigating karst development using hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of springs (case study: Roein basin in North Khorasan province)
  mohammad motamedirad Leila gholi Mokhtari Shahram Bahrami Mohammad ali zanganeh asadi
  In order to study the development of karst, using the hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of the springs in Roein Basin, 19 springs were identified in the study area.To calculate and analyze parameters such as discharge and hydrograph of springs, Recession Co More

  In order to study the development of karst, using the hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of the springs in Roein Basin, 19 springs were identified in the study area.To calculate and analyze parameters such as discharge and hydrograph of springs, Recession Coefficient, volume of dynamic storage, Estimate of recession coefficient, drawing Piper diagram, ratio of calcium to magnesium, saturation index, determining the type of reservoir rock. And the karst geomorphology of the study area was investigated.The hydrograph of the springs in the study area shows the delay time between the peak rainfall and the peak discharge in the springs, where the maximum discharge of the spring reaches its maximum with a delay of about two or three months. The low Recession Coefficient and the volume of dynamic storage of the aquifer indicate the low development of karst. The saturation index shows that the spring water samples collected from the study area are all saturated and supersaturated. Piper's diagram in the study area showed that most of the springs have bicarbonate-calcic-magnesic type. Based on the index of Ca/Mg ratio, they have a dolomite aquifer. The type of reservoir rock in the region showed that the type of reservoir rock in the region is dolomite and calcareous dolomite and the geomorphology and field observations in the region showed that there are no advanced karst forms in the region.It can be said that the karst system of the region is not developed and many karst geomorphological forms are not observed in the region. Manuscript profile
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  13 - Risk Evaluation of sinkholes in aquifers south of Isfahan province with emphasis on Karst points
  شیلا حجه فروش نیا شیلا حجه فروش نیا مسعود برهانی مسعود برهانی
  Increasing water the demand for agriculture consumption, drinking and industry in recent decades has led to the drilling of water wells, which in many cases have been unlicensed. These uncontrolled withdrawals from groundwater sources in Isfahan province, along with the More

  Increasing water the demand for agriculture consumption, drinking and industry in recent decades has led to the drilling of water wells, which in many cases have been unlicensed. These uncontrolled withdrawals from groundwater sources in Isfahan province, along with the reduction of rainfall, have caused irreparable damage to the province's water resources and its dams are in danger of subsidence and sinking. Semirom city in the south of the province is one of the areas affected by uncontrolled abstraction of groundwater aquifers. In this study, by creating soil profiles in different parts of the region, identifying karstic environments, studying geomorphological characteristics and identifying authorized and unauthorized wells, groundwater level drop was investigated and the zoning risk map was prepared by fuzzy model. The results show the highest probability of occurrence of subsidence related to Kameh area located in Padna section in the southwest of Semirom city at a distance of 65 km from the city center. The subsidence hazard zoning map shows that 13.2% of the area in the risk zone is very high, 56.5% is high risk, 51.16% is medium risk and 13.2% is low risk. The results of hydrographic analysis and changes in the volume of water storage of aquifers and its evidence showed that the decrease in changes in the volume of aquifers in Semirom city is an average of 10.5 million cubic meters per year. Manuscript profile
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  14 - Hazardous zoning of Aleshtar plain karst aquifer with cap model
  mohammad ali zanganeh asadi Timor Kolivand Eisa Jokar Sarhangi
  Karst aquifers in semi-arid regions play a vital role in people's lives. Therefore, recognizing the pollution potential of aquifers and their vulnerability in different sectors is very important. The western region of Iran, due to the expansion of the Zagros carbonate m More

  Karst aquifers in semi-arid regions play a vital role in people's lives. Therefore, recognizing the pollution potential of aquifers and their vulnerability in different sectors is very important. The western region of Iran, due to the expansion of the Zagros carbonate mountain range, has numerous karstic aquifers that are exposed to pollution in terms of environmental conditions and extensive human activities. The purpose of this study is to estimate the vulnerability map of Aleshtar plain karst aquifer located in Lorestan province against COP pollution. This model evaluates the vulnerability of karst water sources to pollution using three factors, cover layer (O), flow concentration (C) and precipitation regime (P). The results show that 19.14, 28.76, 35.01 and 17.09% of the area are located in very low, low, medium and high vulnerability zones, respectively, which indicates the almost low vulnerability of this karst aquifer compared to It is pollution. Findings indicate that the importance of the overlay factor, precipitation regime factor and flow concentration factor in the pollution of Aleshtar aquifer, respectively. Due to the small area of ​​fully developed karsts and the high slope of areas with developed karst, the role of flow concentration factor in pollution of Aleshtar aquifer is less and due to the drought trend of recent decades and the change of precipitation from snow to rain showers that water retention and therefore less penetration In the karst basin of Alshtar, the importance of the rainfall regime in the vulnerability of the Alshtar aquifer has decreased. Finally, due to the high permeability of the alluvial plain of Aleshtar, the cover layer has provided the ground for aquifer pollution. In general, in the study area, C, P and O, respectively, have the most role in the vulnerability of the area. Manuscript profile
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  15 - Determination of Hydrogeological Properties Karst Aquifers, Case Study of Tang Sard Spring, Northeast of Khuzestan Province
  Sajad Pourakbari Nasrallah kalantari Arash Mosleh
  The Tang Sard karstic spring with an average annual discharge of more than 1.2 m3/s is considered as one of the Khuzestan drainage karstic springs. The most flood variations in the springs are related to the rainfall time, so that from about 0.5 m3/s in response to the More

  The Tang Sard karstic spring with an average annual discharge of more than 1.2 m3/s is considered as one of the Khuzestan drainage karstic springs. The most flood variations in the springs are related to the rainfall time, so that from about 0.5 m3/s in response to the precipitation in November of 1395 reaches a significant increase of about 1.5 m3/s in February 1395 . The position of the emergence of a tight fountain in a broken waist of the Kenno anticline and in the direction of the crushed zone resulting from the operation of the filament faults. In order to investigate the hydrogeological characteristics of the karstic aquifer feeding the aforementioned fountains, the drainage hydrograph has been used. Analysis of the hydrograph of the Tang Sard Spring discharge in the Blue Years 95-96 indicates that a snowfall-karstic basin with a snow-rainy diet throughout the year affects the supply of springs and other hydrodynamic properties of the reservoir, somehow The effects of snow-induced feeding in the dry period are remarkable. The percentage of groundwater and fast spring springs in the year 96-95 is 64.58 and 35.42, respectively, and the total volume of dynamic storage in the year of discharge is about 38.38 × 106 m3/s (equivalent to 1.2 m3/s) Estimated. The flow regime in the karstic aquifer of springs tang sard is a conduit- diffuse. Manuscript profile
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  16 - Assessment of Factors Influencing Occurrence of Izeh Plain Watershed Springs
  Nasolah Kalantari Mohammadreza Keshavarzi Abas Charchi
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  17 - Comparison of Equivalent Continuum and Discontinuum Methods in Stability Analysis of a Natural Underground Karst
  Mahnaz Laghaei Alireza Baghbanan Masoud Torkan Siavash Norouzi Meysam Lak
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