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Open Access Article
1 - Modeling DB-PAYG, Full Funded and Defined Contributions Pension Systems in Iran's Economy
Hamid Rezazadeh mostafa sargolzaei Moslem Peymany Foroushany Hossein Tavakolian Meysam AmiriThe present study simulates and compares three types of pension systems, DB-PAYG, Full Funded and Defined Contributions, and their impact on Iran’s macroeconomic variables. For this purpose, the General Equilibrium model of Overlapping Generations is designed base MoreThe present study simulates and compares three types of pension systems, DB-PAYG, Full Funded and Defined Contributions, and their impact on Iran’s macroeconomic variables. For this purpose, the General Equilibrium model of Overlapping Generations is designed based on the variables of the Iran economy. The results showed that the Full Funded pension system performs better than other systems in terms of capital stock, output and welfare. Also, among these three systems, the DB-PAYG system has the lowest amount of capital stock, output and welfare. Therefore, changing the current pension system of the country to a Full Funded pension system has been proposed as a reformed fiscal policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Welfare Computation under Different Fiscal Policies in an Optimal Monetary and Fiscal Policy Model Framework
hosein marzban zahra dehghan parviz rostamzadeh hamidreza izadiThe aim of this paper is computing the welfare under different fiscal policies by using of a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model in an optimal monetary and fiscal policy framework for the Iran's economy. In order to investigating the effects of using tax MoreThe aim of this paper is computing the welfare under different fiscal policies by using of a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model in an optimal monetary and fiscal policy framework for the Iran's economy. In order to investigating the effects of using tax instruments some different scenarios were provided. First scenario, the case with all taxes available, Second scenario, the case without consumption taxes, third scenario, the case of income and consumption taxes. The results indicate that the number of fiscal policy instruments available to the planner, plays an important role in the welfare changes in the optimal monetary and fiscal policy model. The minimum welfare loss occurs in last scenario and the maximum of welfare loss is related to second scenario. The proposal is that planner deal with determining polices in an optimum fiscal and monetary policy model, regarding available fiscal policy instruments and effects from economic shocks on welfare changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Fiscal Policies and Income Distribution in Iran: FAVAR Approach
seyed kamal sadeghi mohammad bagher beheshti Reza ranjpour saeed ebrahimiThe aim of this paper is to examine the impact of government fiscal policies on income distribution. For this purpose FAVAR method and quarterly data for the time period of 1393:q4-1369:q1 for 99 macroeconomic variables have been used. Impulse response functions show th MoreThe aim of this paper is to examine the impact of government fiscal policies on income distribution. For this purpose FAVAR method and quarterly data for the time period of 1393:q4-1369:q1 for 99 macroeconomic variables have been used. Impulse response functions show that a positive shock as size one standard deviation in government current expenditure, increases Gini coefficient and as result worsens income distribution. While, government development expenditure as well as direct and indirect taxes shocks reduce Gini coefficient and improve income distribution. According to the Findings, the government can reduce income inequality by reducing unproductive costs, increasing targeted development spending and improving tax system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Effect of Information and Communication Technology on Health Economics
saeedeh karimzadegan parvaneh salatinAbstract The main objective of this paper is to analysis the impact of Information & Communication Technology)ICT( on the health economics among the selected middle-income countries. The results of fixed effects andGeneralized Method of Moments (GMM) models i MoreAbstract The main objective of this paper is to analysis the impact of Information & Communication Technology)ICT( on the health economics among the selected middle-income countries. The results of fixed effects andGeneralized Method of Moments (GMM) models in the period of 2000-2015 imply that; Mobile cellular subscriptions and the internet have significant and positive effects on the Health expenditure, in private sector among selected countries. If the Mobile cellular subscriptions and internet increased by one percent, Health expenditure in private will be increased 0.136928 & 0.032519 percent in average respectively. Based on the results, it is recommended that appropriate application of modern technologies should be culturalized through education for households, and also in schools and universities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Interactions between Infation Uncertainty and Government Spending on Main Economic Sectors Growth In Iran
محسن مهر آرا میر سجاد سید قاسمی محسن بهزادی صوفیانیAbstract The present study aims at investigation of uncertainty effects of inflation and government expenditures and their interactional effect on the growth of main Iranian economic sectors. Using of Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) mo MoreAbstract The present study aims at investigation of uncertainty effects of inflation and government expenditures and their interactional effect on the growth of main Iranian economic sectors. Using of Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models is considered for evaluation of uncertainties because these models provide a possibility of change in conditional variance of error term. Then we use the method of Panel Data for the evaluation of the above-mentioned uncertainties effects between 1968-2012. The results show the negative effects of inflation uncertainty on the four main sectors of Iran’s economy. Government expenditures uncertainty has had negative effects on the growth of economic sectors which oil and gas are exceptions here. The interaction of the above uncertainties has had a negative and separate bearing on the growth of agriculture and services sectors. This means that the increase in each of these uncertainties causes the severity the effects of other uncertainty on these economic sectors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Role of Business Cycles in Determining Fiscal Policy Multiplier (with Emphasis on Direct and Indirect Taxes): A Case Study of the Iranian Economy
Yousef Moradi Kiumars Shahbazi Soleiman Feizi GanjeAbstract The Purpose of This Study Is to Investigate the Impact of Fiscal Policy On Economic Growth and to Estimate the Fiscal Multiplier During Business Cycles. For This Purpose, Quarterly Data of Iran's Economy Has Been Used During the Period 1993 To 2018. Three Meth MoreAbstract The Purpose of This Study Is to Investigate the Impact of Fiscal Policy On Economic Growth and to Estimate the Fiscal Multiplier During Business Cycles. For This Purpose, Quarterly Data of Iran's Economy Has Been Used During the Period 1993 To 2018. Three Methods Are Used to Estimate the Fiscal Multiplier. 1) Vector Auto-Regression Models Based On Blanchard and Perotti Method 2002, 2- Regression Based Method Introduced by Hall 2009 And 3- Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Models. In The Present Study, Is Used the Second Method and Markov Switching Model, Which Is Based On Regression Specification, To Calculate the Fiscal Multiplier During Business Cycles. Therefore, By Specifying Five Different Models, Such That In Model Number 1, Direct Taxes, In Model Number 2, Indirect Taxes, In Model Number 3, Government Expenditures, In Model Number 4, Government Expenditures and Direct Taxes and In Model 5 Government Expenditures and Indirect Taxes Are Considered As Fiscal Policy Tools. The Results Showed That Direct Taxes Perform Better in Effect of Economic Growth Than Indirect Taxes. Also, Among The Three Instruments of Government Spending and Direct and Indirect Taxes, The Largest Multiplier in The Recession and Boom Period Is Related to Government Spending and Direct Taxes, Respectively. On The Other Hand, The Government's Fiscal Policy Package, Which Contains Indirect Taxes and Expenditures, Works Better in Influencing Economic Growth Than the Package, Which Contains Direct Taxes and Expenditures. Manuscript profile
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