Calling followers of other religions to Islam (dacwa) has mostly beenaccompanied by one of these three alternatives: to accept Islam, to payJizya, or to enter into a war. Proposing to accept Islam upon toIranians is reported by various sources. The content of these repo More
Calling followers of other religions to Islam (dacwa) has mostly beenaccompanied by one of these three alternatives: to accept Islam, to payJizya, or to enter into a war. Proposing to accept Islam upon toIranians is reported by various sources. The content of these reportsare of two distinctive aspects: the formal and objective aspect of theevents, the religious spiritual aspect associated with approaches andinsights of the reporters. Different reports of the same event andcontradictory ideas in these reports raise some questions: Were theMuslims able to invite the Sassanids forces to accept Islam before anywar? What kind of options may have come up regarding the threealternatives? And why the main sources have considered “dacwa” as amain issue? What is the reason for the differences between the reports,and what are the motivations of the contradictory ideas? The presentarticle investigates “dacwa” of Iranians or more precisely of theSassanids to Islam with the purpose of revealing the difficulties ofhistorical reports.
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As the representatives of the social middle class in Iran before Islam,Dihghāns had an active role in the inner changes of the society;particularly in Sassanid era that they were a joining link betweencentral government, Arian aristocrats, Zoroastrian priests, and peopl More
As the representatives of the social middle class in Iran before Islam,Dihghāns had an active role in the inner changes of the society;particularly in Sassanid era that they were a joining link betweencentral government, Arian aristocrats, Zoroastrian priests, and people.From the beginning of Islamic conquests and then during the first andsecond centuries after Hijra, their role became more prominent as theyconducted most of the economical and social changes in Islamic Iran,and protected the old Iranian culture and transmitted it to nextgenerations. This role is investigated in this article.
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The purpose of the present study is critical investigation of the hypothesis of book burning in Iran by the Muslim conquerors. Accordingly, the main research question is how much the hypothesis of book burning and destruction of books by the Muslim conquerors is compati More
The purpose of the present study is critical investigation of the hypothesis of book burning in Iran by the Muslim conquerors. Accordingly, the main research question is how much the hypothesis of book burning and destruction of books by the Muslim conquerors is compatible with historical evidences and reason as well as objective, cultural, and documentary facts. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results indicated that from political and social perspective, the subject of book burning and destruction of books by the Muslim conquerors can be interpreted that Islam's instruction and the Muslims' scientific improvement left no further opportunity for the presentation of the Iranians' sciences so their books were extinguished as a result of negligence to their fields of science. It means that the general policy of Islam is based on consideration for science and knowledge and that the Muslims had become so rich by the knowledge of valid references so other branches of science that were not needed gradually were extinguished and just sciences with dignity and state were developed by the Muslims.
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Fars was the most important province in Iran that was considered at the time of the second Caliph Omar ibn Khattab and was attacked on both sides of Bahrain and Basra. The five Fars regions conquered by the Muslims gradually. Islamic resources report different years for More
Fars was the most important province in Iran that was considered at the time of the second Caliph Omar ibn Khattab and was attacked on both sides of Bahrain and Basra. The five Fars regions conquered by the Muslims gradually. Islamic resources report different years for the conquests and the name of the conquerors of the Fars regions. It represents the insurrections of the inhabitants of these regions after each conquest. The purpose of this research is Study of conquest process in Fars and different reports among Islamic writers in the conquest years and the name of the conquerors of the Fars in the Rashidun caliphs' era. The research question is: What reasons is there for the different reports in the year of conquest and the names of the victors of these furnaces from the time of the second caliph to the end of the Rashidin caliphate? Research methodology is descriptive-analytical. this result was obtained that to the collapse of the Sassanian Empire, change the internal structure of government and disorder and the collapse of government, heavy tribute (Bāj) and tax (Kharāj), misbehavior of caliphate agents in five Fars regions, cruelty and brutality of some conquerors in conquering regions, also internal disagreements among Muslim Arabs, and tribal rivalries to achieve more power, they caused to rebel the people of Fars. They were suppressed by different commanders and conquerors in different years. So, they were registered different reports about the conquest years and the name of the conquerors in the resources.
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