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        1 - "A comparative approach to the foundations of criminalization of doping in England's, German's and France's criminal law;(A step towards the criminalization of doping in Iranian's c
        hamidreza heydarpour masoud hemmat
        Doping is the most unprofessional and unethical behavior in professional sport. In addition to the ethical and technical aspects, this phenomenon also has important legal aspects. In recent years, following the increase in cases of doping, the tendency to criminalize it More
        Doping is the most unprofessional and unethical behavior in professional sport. In addition to the ethical and technical aspects, this phenomenon also has important legal aspects. In recent years, following the increase in cases of doping, the tendency to criminalize it has clearly formed among some criminal policymakers, and some countries have explicitly criminalized doping and punishing it, but despite some other countries have not taken action in this regard. A clear example of the first countries is England, Germany and France, and an obvious example of the second category countries is Iran. The claim of this article is that by using the experience of criminal law systems in England, Germany and France, it is possible to take steps towards the criminalization of doping in Iran's criminal law and in this way, between the approach of Iran's criminal law system and the view of the system. The mentioned legal issues created more alignment. The main hypothesis of the current research is that the criminalization of doping in Iran's criminal law has a significant effect in reducing it. In order to further investigate these categories, in this research, while studying the concept of doping and the basics of its criminalization in the criminal law of England, Germany and France, the challenges facing the process of its criminalization in the criminal law of Iran have been examined. The current type of research is fundamental, its approach is descriptive-analytical, its method is library study, and the tool for collecting information is survey. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Causes and Effects of Sexual Crimes against Women in Iranian Criminal Law Perspective
        منصور Attasheneh A. H. Nasiri-Nia یوسف Ebrahimi-Nasab
        Today, violence against women and their abuse are committed in a variety of ways, the most complicated and severe type of which is sexual crimes that are increasingly overgrown. Human societies are dipped into the whirlpool of corruption due to leaving their heavenly le More
        Today, violence against women and their abuse are committed in a variety of ways, the most complicated and severe type of which is sexual crimes that are increasingly overgrown. Human societies are dipped into the whirlpool of corruption due to leaving their heavenly learned lessons; yet they barely think of religious solutions. Perhaps, the same phenomenon applies to Islamic countries, as well. Although – due to religious, cultural and social conditions - the issue of sexual crimes commitment including sexual abuse of women is more limited in these countries compared to other ones and in particular western countries, the essence of committing such crimes implies social and cultural damages which should be radically fought against, making use of religious approaches and social control model of the religion and especially Islam criminal policy. A glance at respective statistics indicates social harms and deviations; however, it has not still surrounded the whole society. Undoubtedly, the violence against and sexual abuse of women are considered as one of the different social deviations, major disturbing factors of cultural, social, regulatory and disciplinary security of the societies, and that is why different legal systems adopt particular solutions, strategies and measures to control, handle and eradicate it. In the meantime, Islamic legal system and the criminal policy adopted, takes severe action against sexual deviations in general and sexual violence and abuse in particular. The author of this paper intended to provide a quick overview and description of juridical rulings and the penalties prescribed in Iranian criminal law and Syrian criminal law by proposing a definition for sexual violence and abuse while specifying different types of them so as to offer suitable legal suggestions as well as to determine the related legal gaps. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Examining the rights of witnesses in Iran's criminal law system with a view to the International Criminal Court
        امین امیریان فارسانی ZEINB BANIASDI
        Testimony is known as one of the evidences to prove a lawsuit or the fastest way to access evidences in legal systems, and its performance at different stages of proceedings is a manifestation of the cooperation of citizens and the community with the enforcement of crim More
        Testimony is known as one of the evidences to prove a lawsuit or the fastest way to access evidences in legal systems, and its performance at different stages of proceedings is a manifestation of the cooperation of citizens and the community with the enforcement of criminal justice in finding the truth. Undoubtedly, the discovery of the truth as much as it makes the victims and the plaintiffs hope for justice, it makes the accused and the criminals angry and arouses a sense of revenge in them. And this retaliation against the witnesses due to the testimony of the perpetrators of the crimes makes it necessary to protect the witnesses. In this regard, witnesses can be supported by adopting different support methods, especially preventive measures before and during the proceedings and even after. Witnesses also have rights in the judicial process, which should be considered in comparison with the rights of other persons involved in the case. The present study examines the measures and witness rights in Iran's legal system with a brief look at the procedure of the International Criminal Court, which supports financial, mental security and physical security of the witness, including the mechanisms designed to encourage witnesses to cooperate with the criminal justice system, and in this regard, measures such as concealing the identity of the witness, physical protection from the witness, honoring, changing the job and place of residence and Compensation for the damages caused to the witness will benefit. Manuscript profile