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Open Access Article
1 - Al-Ghazali's Footsteps in “Tohfa Al Vozara” by Ali Ibn Majd Aldin Shahroudi Bastami (Musannifek)
Mina Sadat Amiraftabi Asghar Dadbeh"Revival of Religious Sciences" book is considered as Ghazali's precious record during his secession. Although the mentioned work has countless opponents and proponents, it has had an everlasting impact on science and literature pioneers. Since “Toh More"Revival of Religious Sciences" book is considered as Ghazali's precious record during his secession. Although the mentioned work has countless opponents and proponents, it has had an everlasting impact on science and literature pioneers. Since “Tohfa Al Vozara” was written four centuries after "Revival of Religious Sciences", it is one of the works that has been influenced by Ghazali's method of promoting sciences and ethics. Of course, this influence is not limited to the structure of the work, but the commonality and similarity of the social conditions of both authors, their intellectual structure and political ideas as well as the sources and references of these two works clearly show the influence of Ghazali's approach and ideas on Ali Shahroudi Bastami. The author intends to introduce “Tohfa Al Vozara” and its writer beside the impact and reflection of Ghazali's ideas in ""Revival of Sciences" on this work. On one hand, the importance of this paper is in dealing with a work that has been written in non-Persian language communities and its author, like the work itself, has remained unknown until now and on the other hand it reveals Ghazali's distinctive and extensive influence throughout the history of Islamic culture. Manuscript profile -
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2 - اراده الهی از دیدگاه غزالی و ابو هاشم جبایی
seyed sajad sadatizadeh ali sabriKnowledge of God is done in different ways, the most important and most controversial way that theologians have explained and explained in the knowledge of God in the context of the discussion. The discussion was divine traits. By dividing the attributes of God into mor MoreKnowledge of God is done in different ways, the most important and most controversial way that theologians have explained and explained in the knowledge of God in the context of the discussion. The discussion was divine traits. By dividing the attributes of God into more firm and cumbersome or intrinsic and present controversies, there were more controversies. This paper seeks to study one of the most important attributes of God's will, namely, will, in the view of the two scholars of Shahir Ashaereh (Ghazali) and Mu'tazilie (Abu Hashem Jobaei), both of which agree on the fact that God has the will. On the other hand, Abu Hashem, unlike the other Mu'tazilies, and his father, with the choice of bounded theory, plotted the theory of the present on attributes, and believed that the will of God is a consequence, but not in place. Ghazali, one of the greatest Ash'aric theologians who took positions against various groups, including the Mu'tazilies, voted for the will of the Divine Will to be old. Manuscript profile -
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3 - The Study of the Concept of Intercession from the Perspective of Ghazali’s Manteq-al -Teir and Rumi’s Masnavi
Ashour Hasanzadhe Arb Fredoon Tahmasbi Farzanh Sorkhy Ali GatifrozIntercession is an interpretive, theological issue and one of the pillars of Islamic beliefs. Inspired by the verses of the Qur'an, Muslims have accepted the principle of intercession and mediation between divine prophets and saints and God Almighty and the people. By c MoreIntercession is an interpretive, theological issue and one of the pillars of Islamic beliefs. Inspired by the verses of the Qur'an, Muslims have accepted the principle of intercession and mediation between divine prophets and saints and God Almighty and the people. By consensus, the prophethood of the prophets and saints on the Day of Judgment has been agreed upon by all Islamic religions; The present article, while explaining the concept, nature and scope of intercession in the monotheistic and Maadi system, after explaining the Quranic documents and the position of different theological schools on the subject of intercession, has examined the views of Ghazali and Rumi in Masnavi. Looking at the Masnavi, it becomes clear that the scope of Rumi for intercession is wider than the beliefs of most thinkers in the Islamic world; The Asharites and Mutazilites consider the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) as an intercessor and have not offered a specific theory about other Shafi'is. The Mutazilites consider intercession to increase the blessings of the believers in Paradise; Every prophet is the intercessor of his nation. But from Rumi's monotheistic point of view, the Almighty has mercy on his wrath, and God's standard in creation and resurrection is mercy and benevolence. Manuscript profile -
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4 - A Comparison of Mystical Stages in Kimiya-yi Sa'ādat (Alchemy of Happiness) and Abdullah Qutb's Makātib (Correspondence)
mahdi mohmmadi Najaf JokarKimiya-yi Sa'ādat (Alchemy of Happiness) by Abu Hamid Mohammad Al-Ghazali (c. 505 A.D.) and Makātib (Correspondence) by Abdullah Qutb (c. 909 A.D. ) are deemed to be among treasured works of Sufism. The present survey conducts a comparative-contrastive study of the pers MoreKimiya-yi Sa'ādat (Alchemy of Happiness) by Abu Hamid Mohammad Al-Ghazali (c. 505 A.D.) and Makātib (Correspondence) by Abdullah Qutb (c. 909 A.D. ) are deemed to be among treasured works of Sufism. The present survey conducts a comparative-contrastive study of the perspectives held by these two mystics pertaining to the mystical stages presented in the aforementioned masterpieces. The results demonstrate that unlike some mystics, both Al-Ghazali and Abdullah Qutb did not partition and categorize mystical stages and statuses in their works. Moreover, Abdullah Qutb was influenced by Al-Ghazali in subjects such the pillars of conduct, solitude, trust, asceticism and mystical destitute. Taken together, Al-Ghazali presents his perspectives in a more systematic and coherent approach. It is noteworthy that Abdullah Qutb's Makātib (Correspondence) lacks the order and arrangement existing in Al-Ghazali’s Kimiya-yi Sa'ādat.The methodology of this research is descriptive – analytical and baced on library studies. Manuscript profile -
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5 - Ersal al Masal in Persian works of Ghazali
omidvar malmoliWorks of past writers are considered as valuable heritage for the present and the future. Works of Culture and literature with epistemological theme are the mental input for those with thought and art as they are seen as bridges which relate our present and past and inc MoreWorks of past writers are considered as valuable heritage for the present and the future. Works of Culture and literature with epistemological theme are the mental input for those with thought and art as they are seen as bridges which relate our present and past and increase our knowledge. The Seljuki period is an era during which there were plenty of arts and skills in Iran. Ahmad Ghazali (died in 520) was one of the Faghis and mystics in Iran. His works that were collected by Ahmad Mojahed are among the most important works of 6th century and are as follows: Bahr-al Haghighat, Resala- al Toyoor, Savaneh, Resalat- ak Eyniyeh, Ghazali letters,Vasiat Nameh, and Maghale Rooh. These works which are in prose mixed with verse try to convey his ideas in mysticism, jurisprudence, religion, ethics, advice and sometimes in code. He made use of literary devices as allegory a lot. So to demonstrate Ghazali'z style we have to study his inclination to Ersal al Masal va Tamsil. The results show that some of the allegories are made by Ghazali himself and some others are borrowed from the previous writers. Moreover; the maximum number of allegories are found in Resaleh Eyniyeh and the minimum number of allegories are found in his letters. Manuscript profile -
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6 - Comparison Of st. Agustines and Imam Mohammad Ghazalis ideas on theology
Abdolhossein Latifi Sahar AsgariAurelius Augustinus was born in 354 in Tagast. The direction of his thought is based on his imagination of God, that is faith to the Almighty, wise and benevolent God. The Son considers ideas and the creation as the epiphany of the Word. Imam Mohammad Ghazali was born i MoreAurelius Augustinus was born in 354 in Tagast. The direction of his thought is based on his imagination of God, that is faith to the Almighty, wise and benevolent God. The Son considers ideas and the creation as the epiphany of the Word. Imam Mohammad Ghazali was born in 450 AH in Tabran. He says that, God is indescribable, the first cause, the origin of the universe, and the light of the lights. He is beyond rational comprehension, and he is almighty. Therefore both of them know God as the origin of the universe. The God is the divine light and the only real existence. The indescribable God creates the universe by his absolute and unchangeable determination. There are differences beside these similarities. The god of Augustinus adopts human traits for saving the mankind and enters to the body. But the god of Ghazali cannot be in the body and is not similar to anything. On the other hand, Augustinus says that we need God’s mercy to be prospered. But Ghazali says that mercy is in conflict with being autonomous and almighty as well as the creation from nullity. On the other hand, Augustinus believes that he heard the voice of God from a child, but Ghazali says that the Word of God is higher than any other Words. According to the proposed thoughts of these persons is in the field of theology, the writer is going to compare their theories about theology by descriptive-comparative method through library studies. Manuscript profile -
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7 - Account of the Importance of Ghazali's Resalatoteyr in Mystical Literature
Mojtaba Zarvani Reza TaheriAl-Ghazali is one of the scientists of fifth century that had widespread effects in different areas of religion, philosophy, mysticism and Sufism. The power and influence of ideas and the spread of his ideas, also gave a lot of power to the mystical body of literature. MoreAl-Ghazali is one of the scientists of fifth century that had widespread effects in different areas of religion, philosophy, mysticism and Sufism. The power and influence of ideas and the spread of his ideas, also gave a lot of power to the mystical body of literature. Major works of al-Ghazali focuses on religious issues, but through his works as soon as the work is called Resalatoteyr that is related to the mysticism. Although the narrative and mystical attitude in this work is dedicated to al-Ghazali, but before he, the form and shape of this work can get from Resalatoteyr of Avicenna. In this paper, the value of mystery and symbol and relevance of mind and the heart in the realm of mystical literature and effects of each other is discussed; and also, other aspect of impact of Resalatoteyr on the al-Obeid Zakani Moush o Gorbeh system, pointing to the effectiveness of this story on Sofia organizations and the method of their gathering around their elders is examined. Manuscript profile -
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8 - The Impressed Persian Works of Imam Qazali from Imam Ali's Speeches
Seyyed Ali Asghar Mir Bagherifard Seyyedeh Maryam Rozatiyan Abbasali Ibrahimi MehrInstructions and doctrines of Ahl al-Bayt is one of the original sources of Islamic mysticism and the effects of mystical texts are evident in this field. The fluency and strenuosity that lies within the word and edifications of Imam Ali(peace be upon him) has made Pers MoreInstructions and doctrines of Ahl al-Bayt is one of the original sources of Islamic mysticism and the effects of mystical texts are evident in this field. The fluency and strenuosity that lies within the word and edifications of Imam Ali(peace be upon him) has made Persian-speaking writers to attire their works with his words for a long time(since a long time ago). Ahmad Ghazali, one of the leading writers in mysticism is influenced by, in particular, the words of Imam Ali (AS) in his works. In this study, different kinds of Persian works of Ahmad Ghazali, influenced by the word of Imam Ali (AS), are explained through factual documentary quotations. Effectiveness of Persian works of Ahmad Ghazali from Imam's (AS) words is mostly in an interpretation and adaptation style. Since the sources of Islamic mysticism and its relation to the school of Ahl al-Bayt have always been discussed, this research could, for example, indicate the influence of the instructions of Ahl al-bayt on the Islamic mysticism. Manuscript profile -
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9 - A Comparative Study of Virtual and Mystical Love from the Perspective of Ahmad Ghazali and Ayn Al-Quzat (with Emphasis on Sawaneḥ Al-oshagh & Tamhidaat
Mehdi Mohammadi Behnam Fe’li Khadije Safary Kandsary mohammad reza beigiHuman love, which often appears in Sufis’ teachings with the expression of virtual love, is one of the complex and difficult issues in Islamic mysticism. Some consider it to be the beginning of mystical love and some deny it. Ahmad Ghazali and Ayn ol-Quzat Hamedan MoreHuman love, which often appears in Sufis’ teachings with the expression of virtual love, is one of the complex and difficult issues in Islamic mysticism. Some consider it to be the beginning of mystical love and some deny it. Ahmad Ghazali and Ayn ol-Quzat Hamedani are among the first people who wrote about love, its types, moods and characteristics in a special way in Persian literature. In the present study, which was prepared using a descriptive-analytical method, an attempt has been made to answer this basic question, what is Ahmad Ghazali's and Ayn Al-Quzat's views on virtual and mystical love? And what are the points of commonality and difference between the two? The results of the research show that Ghazali considers speculation permissible by referring to prophetic hadiths, and on the other hand, he considers appearances as a bridge to reach the inner truth. Ayn Al-Quzat also considers it harmless to be attached to these appearances if it is in the way of connecting with God's beloved and beloved. Eternity, coercion and the dangerous path of love are common points of mystical love in accidents and plans.. Manuscript profile -
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10 - Love and Knowledge in the Works of Ghazali
Roghieh Alavi Mohammad Ali Gozashti Farhad KakerashLove and knowledge have been one of the most important themes of Islamic culture and mystical literature and have had a variety of reflections in the works of the great politicians and mystics. Imam Mohammad Ghazali Tusi, one of the most famous scholars of Islam and Ira MoreLove and knowledge have been one of the most important themes of Islamic culture and mystical literature and have had a variety of reflections in the works of the great politicians and mystics. Imam Mohammad Ghazali Tusi, one of the most famous scholars of Islam and Iran in the fifth century, has made good use of it in his works, especially in the al-Qadiyyah of bliss, and has provided new insights. The purpose of this article is to analyze the place of love and knowledge in al-Ghaz’s works in this descriptive-analytic study. Knowledge in works, both sensory, intellectual, and Judaism, though the only way to attain perfection is to know intuitive knowledge, and to attain that intuitive knowledge, it requires the effort and cultivation of the seeker's soul. Manuscript profile -
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11 - musical elements in kimiyaye sa'adat the study of
hossein etehadi maryam shaban zadehSufi prose is a kind of Persian prose which, due to a enjoying different kinds of internal musical effects especially repetition, rhyme and pun ,has a tonal language. Moreover, in some cases, the prosodic rhythmic phrases, used in this kind of prose, which lead to more MoreSufi prose is a kind of Persian prose which, due to a enjoying different kinds of internal musical effects especially repetition, rhyme and pun ,has a tonal language. Moreover, in some cases, the prosodic rhythmic phrases, used in this kind of prose, which lead to more and more closely, it is the language of poetry. The weight of prosodic and musical elements of the internal differentiation of stereotypical language, which are caused by bumps and weirdness words. In this article, a book by Mohammad Ghazali The, kimiyaye sa'adat which is one of the most important texts sufis, from the perspective of the musical elements have been studied. These studies show that, of all the elements Ghazali, whose influence in making instrumental music, the book has benefited The. Kimiyaye sa'adat He used the harmony of sound and words and sentences and phrases harmonic frequency, while creating a rhythmic, in some cases, are intended to convey and instill been successful. Manuscript profile -
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12 - A study of the theological and mystical approach to the truth of the resurrection in the thought of Rumi and Ghazali
عاشور hasanzadhe arb fredo0on tahmasbi farzanh sorhy ali gitifrozResurrection is the belief in the last day and the afterlife of human beings after death and punishment and the reward of their deeds and is one of the principles of the divine worldview and the most important principle after monotheism that the divine prophets have inv MoreResurrection is the belief in the last day and the afterlife of human beings after death and punishment and the reward of their deeds and is one of the principles of the divine worldview and the most important principle after monotheism that the divine prophets have invited people to and almost one The third is the verses of the Qur'an related to it. The resurrection has originated for the first time in the human mind from intra-religious sources. Al-Ghazali's works are discussed. Then, the theological and mystical view and approach to the truth of the resurrection and various related interpretations, the most important of which are resurrection, death, return, etc., are examined. The bodily resurrection of the intellect is incapable of proving and understanding it, and merely acknowledges its possibility. The science of man's attainment to the hereafter is through divine knowledge; these two mystics, influenced by their mystical inclinations, consider only the mystical view as the discoverer of the true meanings of the words of revelation and resurrection. Manuscript profile -
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13 - Incarnation and Unification from the Viewpoint of Imam Mohammad Ghazali
Hasan Sarbaz Abdollah Rasoolnejad"Incarnation and Unification" are two of the controversial issues in Islamic mysticism and Sufism which have been condemned by the majority of Islamic scholars and mystics. According to these scholars, it is against More"Incarnation and Unification" are two of the controversial issues in Islamic mysticism and Sufism which have been condemned by the majority of Islamic scholars and mystics. According to these scholars, it is against Sharia'ah and Tariqa (Sharia'ah and Sufi order); however, some statements have been quoted from a few of Sufis which seemingly denote incarnation and unification. The researchers with mystical order have either been uncertain on the appropriateness to attribution to Sufis, or have interpreted them in way which will lead to incarnation and unification. Imam Mohammad Ghazali is one of the hardworking and influential intellectuals in the field of Islamic mysticism and Sufism.Although Ghazali was seriously against the idea of incarnation and unification, he has engaged himself in interpreting and justifying the Great men of Sufism. This actual fact ended to accusing him of contradicting (inconsistency) in this respect. In this study, effort has been made to investigate the issue of incarnation and unification. This paper also investigates the ways of interpreting and commenting on the statements of some of the Great men of Sufism utilizing descriptive-analytical method shedding some light on the views of Imam Mohammad Ghazali. Manuscript profile -
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14 - Educational and moral teachings of tebbol qoloob Mohammad Naqshbandi and Kimia Sa'adat, Imam Mohammad Ghazali, based on the intertextuality approach
golamreza hatefimajomerd Mansoor Dehghan manshadi Abdolah MoradiAn analysis with the "intertextuality" approach examines the communication of a text with other texts. The main purpose of this study is to compare the moral teachings of Kimia Sa'adat and tebbol qoloob . Ethics is an important part of teaching literature in Persian lit MoreAn analysis with the "intertextuality" approach examines the communication of a text with other texts. The main purpose of this study is to compare the moral teachings of Kimia Sa'adat and tebbol qoloob . Ethics is an important part of teaching literature in Persian literature. In Persian, such works as Kimia Sa'adat and tebbol qoloob have been created with the theme of educational literature, full of moral teachings. In examining some of the virtues and moral vices of these two books, we find that the moral teachings in these two works are well-presented and impressive. Ghazali and Naqshband in their works will give their moral messages to humankind. The man of the present age, the controller and the deterrent of the fall in the corruption of the past, needs more than ever before. Consequently, the contemporary world's need for ethics is critical to the emergence of existing moral corruption. Accordingly, by recognizing the virtues and moral vices of these two writers, they can be seen in their worldview and by contemplating their thoughts in the way of the knowledge of morality and introducing their moral messages in order to apply them in life Individual and social way to save humanity from the ruin and corruption of the current world, the author has analyzed and analyzed the descriptive-analytical approach using the library method of the present article in the form of scientific-research paper. Manuscript profile -
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15 - A Comparative Study of Nature and place of Solitude and Seclusion in the Path of Mysticism (with an Emphasis on the Ehaya al-Uloom Ghazali and Manazel al-Saarerin Khwaja Abdullah Ansari)
Zahra Shafahi Abolfazl Ebrahimi Ozineh Soosan NarimaniSolitude and seclusion in Ghazali and Ansari's expression is a general concept without any Sufi traditions. In fact, according to these two mystics, seclusion is a way of life that continues continuously until the end of the seeker's life. This present research, with a MoreSolitude and seclusion in Ghazali and Ansari's expression is a general concept without any Sufi traditions. In fact, according to these two mystics, seclusion is a way of life that continues continuously until the end of the seeker's life. This present research, with a descriptive-analytical approach, has dealt with a comparative investigation of the place of solitude and seclusion in the course of mysticism (Ghazali’s Ehaya al-Uloom and Khwaja Abdullah Ansari’s Manazel al-Saarerin). The result of this research indicates that Ghazali, as a mystic, was able to highlight isolation and avoidance of people well and show that real and true happiness is in seclusion and solitude, and the benefits of this seclusion are like remaining in the presence of God and treatment of physical diseases and acquisition of knowledge is considered. Ansari has a different view of solitude and considers it a means of self-knowledge and returning to oneself, although he has common points such as the benefits of isolation and avoiding people for solitude compared to Ghazali, Ansari's view is expressed in the form of awareness and punishment, exile and reflection. Manuscript profile -
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16 - Opportunity for Opportunity in Imam Mohammad Ghazali's Works and Its Educational Implications
jahanbakhsh Rahmani rezaali norouzi seyedhashem golestani ghasem malihiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the confusion of opportunity in the works of al-Ghazali and to explain its educational implications for the educational authorities. His works and ideas in various fields of Islamic sciences such as jurisprudence, theology and MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the confusion of opportunity in the works of al-Ghazali and to explain its educational implications for the educational authorities. His works and ideas in various fields of Islamic sciences such as jurisprudence, theology and ethics have been left to him in more than seventy compilations. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method. Referring to the works of Abu Hamed Ghazali, the author studies and reviews those writings of this great thinker about the life, time, and related concepts. While emphasizing the importance of human life, al-Ghazâlî invites his audience to embrace the various opportunities of life that flow in the context of the eternal life, and his overall purpose in these recommendations is to know and obey God, to control one's airs, to serve one and only Lord. Bliss is in the Hereafter. Ghazali considers the exploitation of the opportunities of his life to be the most important in the course of his education, and he has repeated and emphatic advice on the seizure of opportunities, and he does everything he can to save time and waste opportunities. Manuscript profile -
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17 - The History of the Emergence and Development of Sufi's "Sama" and its Establishment
Mohammad Shirani naser jadidi fizollah boshasb"Sama" is one of the most obvious manifestations of Iranian Sufism, about which different theories have been expressed and there has been a difference between the legislators and the mystics for centuries in refuting or proving it. This study intends to examine the reas More"Sama" is one of the most obvious manifestations of Iranian Sufism, about which different theories have been expressed and there has been a difference between the legislators and the mystics for centuries in refuting or proving it. This study intends to examine the reasons for the formation and development of "Sama" and to examine the efforts of its proponents and opponents to confirm their views and the results that have emerged.To carry out this research, library research method and citing the sources of the opponents and supporters of Sama have been used to illustrate the progress of this Sufi tradition by examining and criticizing various views and opinions and comparing them with the existing documents.On the one hand, one group has tried to prove its sanctity by relying on Quranic verses and quoting the narrations of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Imams (AS), and on the other hand, some people have tried to soften the statements of the opponents by using the same tools and documents. Have been it. Eventually, with the efforts of the proponents, especially Abu Sa'id Abu al-Khair, the ceremony was able to gain a prominent place among Sufis and the people, although in the works of people like Ghazali, conditions and restrictions were considered for it. Manuscript profile -
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18 - A Look at the Characteristics and Method of Governing and Politics in the Advice of Imam Mohammad Ghazali
Sohrabali Afroogh Saeed Eslamee Kamal PouladiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the style of governing and politics according to the advice of Imam Mohammad Ghazali. The main question of the article is: what are the pattern of al-Ghazali’s governance and political model? We ai MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the style of governing and politics according to the advice of Imam Mohammad Ghazali. The main question of the article is: what are the pattern of al-Ghazali’s governance and political model? We aim to prove the hypothesis that Imam Mohammad al-Ghazali in his advice to the kings. He tried to rely on the legacy left by his predecessors in the field of narrative rulings. He offers a coherent and systematic set of governance models to the rulers of his time through moral principles. He advises rulers on how to deal with subjects, suppress opponents and enemies, and maintain order and security of society. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and is based on a hermeneutic approach. Manuscript profile -
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19 - Imam Mohammad Ghazli's View on Political Religion or Religious Politics
Mojtaba Atarzadeh Mojtaba AtarzadehIt was when kings and caliphs rose from opposing local groups- as the major power based of the time- that religion tended to be applied in justification to politics. Urged on by this trend, Muslim thinkers inclined to reconsider the issue from an attentive point of view MoreIt was when kings and caliphs rose from opposing local groups- as the major power based of the time- that religion tended to be applied in justification to politics. Urged on by this trend, Muslim thinkers inclined to reconsider the issue from an attentive point of view. Unlike other theorists who followed their idealistic views, Ghazali's, as a political theorist, tried to come up with a new idea to apply religion in politics. The political changes of the time and formation of an Iranian- based political system (Seljuk) which was governed independently of the Islamic government (Abbasi) required a legitimate, acceptable structure apart from previous institutionalized doctrines within the framework of Islamic government. This was clearly beyond the scope of some clergymen's capabilities due to their prior engagement in countless denominational competitions on the one hand and overcoming the sheer interpretation of religion rooted in imitative from on the other hand. As a scholar and rule-governed and systematic thinking structure, Ghazali introduces 'salivation' as the ultimate goal for creation and theorizes his ideas toward human salivation and combines the Politicals of his political thought with social realities and the structure of political power to establish a new from of government and he also based his political thoughtidea on the analysis kingdship and power and its legitimacy based on religion. According to the critical analysis of Ghazali's political idea, he does not seek politicizing the religion rather he seeks 'religionizing' the politics. Because when the religion is politicized, it will be abused by politicians to stabilize their own position. But when religion rules the politics, it is as if the divine spirit of religion revives the politics and makes it more humanistic. Manuscript profile -
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20 - The effects of Imam Muhammad Ghazali's view on human perfection on later thinkers
Soheileh Asemi Seyed Hossein Sajadi Abdolreza JamalzadehHuman beings have purposeful creation in the position of Ashraf and must achieve the degree of perfection in the path of life in order to be worthy of their main position. This important matter has made thinkers to express the way to perfection in many ways. Abu Hamed M MoreHuman beings have purposeful creation in the position of Ashraf and must achieve the degree of perfection in the path of life in order to be worthy of their main position. This important matter has made thinkers to express the way to perfection in many ways. Abu Hamed Mohammad Ghazali, as a thinker and thinker, has expressed valuable opinions about perfection by writing numerous works. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the effects of Imam Muhammad Ghazali's view on the perfection of man on his later thinkers in an analytical-descriptive way. From his point of view, the ultimate perfection of man is to gain control over the soul and as a result to reach the closeness of God. He has mentioned steps to get this rank. These steps begin with finding a guide (bearers of the divine message) and following religion and are strengthened by acquiring knowledge and knowledge. Then by avoiding vices and acquiring virtues, this can be achieved. Ghazali has created many developments in the field of perfection compared to his predecessors, the basis of which was the amount of benefit from religion. He has left his influence in various fields of philosophy, theology and mysticism, which shows the wide scope of his influence. Influences such as turning more attention to religion, moderate rationalism, the integration of Tariqat and Sharia, etc. Molla Sadra, Faiz Kashani, Sanai and Maulvi are among these thinkers who have been most influenced by him. Manuscript profile -
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21 - The Mystical Attitude of Ahmad Ghazali and Transformation of Pure Love of Layla and Majnun
Soheilā Namāz Alizādeh Asharf-o-Sādat MousavilarThe scholars in the field of mysticism have expressed a variety of ideas about the concept of love, which show the importance of it in Iranian religious thoughts. Ahmad Ghazali (452 -520 AH) created a dramatic change in the nature of love by writing mystical works. He p MoreThe scholars in the field of mysticism have expressed a variety of ideas about the concept of love, which show the importance of it in Iranian religious thoughts. Ahmad Ghazali (452 -520 AH) created a dramatic change in the nature of love by writing mystical works. He presented a new interpretation of the story of Layla and Majnun's love in Sawāneh, his first work in the field of love in Persian language. In Arabic literature, Layla and Majnun love story is a kind of pure love (Ishq-e Azrā) or Platonic love. By using descriptive-analytical method, in the present article the attempt is made to consider the stages of the transformation of pure love of Layla and Majnun in Ahmad Ghazali's thoughts and to answer this question: In a comparative study, how do we interpret the similarities and differences between the Layla and Majnun love in Ahmed Ghazali's attitude and the pure love in Arabic literature? The results show that, based on Ghazali's romantic and mystical principles, virtuous, secular, painful, unending and pure love transforms to admirable, divine, pleasant and hopeful love and leads to perfection. Manuscript profile -
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22 - Using wisdom to understand religious texts by looking at the thoughts of Al-Ghazali and Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid
amir tohidi Mahnaz TahirgholiAbstract The relationship between reason and religion is one of the issues that Islamic scholars have been focusing on for a long time. The present essay examines this issue from the perspective of Al-Ghazali and Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid as two major Islamic thinkers and theo MoreAbstract The relationship between reason and religion is one of the issues that Islamic scholars have been focusing on for a long time. The present essay examines this issue from the perspective of Al-Ghazali and Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid as two major Islamic thinkers and theologians. The results obtained in Al-Ghazali's writings indicate that he has mentioned four meanings for reason, which are theoretical and practical reason and acquired and instinctive intellect. Al-Ghazali sees religious sciences precedent over intellectual sciences and prioritizes sharia over wisdom. And believes that reason is incapable of seeking divine knowledge. But Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid is a theologian with Intellectual foundation who explains theological and jurisprudential propositions through rational reasoning, and invites thinkers to argumentative faith. In his view, reason is considered as a source for defending the teachings of revelation. In addition to using wisdom in theological topics, he believes that in the narrative discussions, the conformity and opposition of the provisions of the hadith with reason is the criterion for the authenticity of the hadith. Since Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid finds the understanding of the hadith subject to careful and deep-seated rational attention, he has been opposed to “people of narrations” as a superficial intellectual current. Manuscript profile -
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23 - Al-Ghazali's philosophical approach on perception and Theory of interpretation
mahin rezaee aghdas jadidian aflatoun sadeghi roohollah nadaliAbu Hamid Muhammad Ghazali was among Muslim scholars who accepted the interpretation in the religious scriptures and justified his position by the theory of interpretation. To prove his theory, he dealt with ontology of hierarchy of beings and epistemology of hierarchy MoreAbu Hamid Muhammad Ghazali was among Muslim scholars who accepted the interpretation in the religious scriptures and justified his position by the theory of interpretation. To prove his theory, he dealt with ontology of hierarchy of beings and epistemology of hierarchy in episteme and differences of apprehension as well. Ghazali, by passing of existence and knowledge entered the language and meaning, expanding and enriching the human understanding in his age. By this theory, Ghazali held that every single entity has a position in its related hierarchy of being, and to understand the scripture must study their position in hierarchy of existence. Doing so, he tried to advance a methodological interpretation with a ontological, epistemological, semantics and linguistic approach, in which reason and faith can be a harmony. Ghazali’s philosophical approach to human apprehension has been studied in this paper and his analysis of soul and its faculties introduced. His use of philosophical approach to apprehension to justify the theory of has been explained, as well. Thus, one could say that Ghazali as a rationalist scholar employed philosophical investigations to set up his theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Ghazali on Knowledge, with Emphasizing on Revealed Knowledge
Soheyleh Asemi Seyed Hosein Sadjadi Abdol Reza JamalzadehOne of the fundamental issues in the course of human perfection is the acquisition of knowledge. The higher level of the human knowledge is, the closer its soul would be to its perfection. This important issue has made many thinkers represent their ideas. Throughout his MoreOne of the fundamental issues in the course of human perfection is the acquisition of knowledge. The higher level of the human knowledge is, the closer its soul would be to its perfection. This important issue has made many thinkers represent their ideas. Throughout history, thinkers have presented different methods in this regard. The basic difference between these methods is the usage of religion or faith (revelation). As a result, some of these methods have an intellectual basis and some have a faithful (revelatory) basis. Among the most influential people in this process is Imam Mohammad Ghazali. The main goal of the current research is to investigate the effect of Ghazali's epistemological method on the course of philosophy by an analytical-descriptive method. This research seeks to find the answers to these questions, which epistemic method is Ghazali's statements based on? What effects has his method had on the course of philosophy, especially Mulla Sadra's thoughts? Ghazali's dealings with philosophers have brought different perceptions in a way that even some people consider him to be an anti-rational person. But his exact position deserves a more comprehensive and clear investigation. In fact, with his statements, Ghazali established a new mode of moderate rationalism among thinkers. This influence can be found in course of rationalism in philosophy and specifically in Mulla Sadra. He, in agreement with Ghazali, finds philosophical reason unable to provide opinions in all fields and considers benefiting from revelation along with relation to be the most reliable epistemological method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Evaluation of Rational Perception in Ghazali’sPerspective
Seyyed Bagher MirabdallahiThis paper addresses to validate the mental perceptions and Ghazali’s levels of understanding, dealing with the departure point starting from his well- known attack against philosophers. The main question in this paper is that how much is the validity of philosoph MoreThis paper addresses to validate the mental perceptions and Ghazali’s levels of understanding, dealing with the departure point starting from his well- known attack against philosophers. The main question in this paper is that how much is the validity of philosophical reason when it is going beyond its own epistemological realm, trying to explain the religious concepts by its own method? Ghazali believes that the philosophical reason is not sufficient. For it is beyond the reason ability, therefore, the reason must be illuminated by the revelation to understand such issues. Accordingly, the reason is not an independent source of knowledge, if it wants to speak about the religious propositions; it will go beyond its own limitation. He begins with the certain science denying the philosophical reason determining the limitation of reason, explaining the problems of philosophers, theologians and sufis by delivering the criteria of episteme. Finally, he concludes the philosophical knowledge is not the instrument which can help us to understand the scriptures and it is not related to it, because the reason beyond its limitation will engage in contradiction and skepticism and cannot show the reality as such is. Therefore, the religion must be independent. As a result, this paper criticizes the methodical incoherency that can be found in the meaning of reason has been depicted in his works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Father and Son Who is their beloved?
Mohammad Ali EslamiNodushanThe present article deals with the sayings of Baha al-din Valad written in his famous journal, entitled Maaref which has been published in 13333 by the efforts of Professor Fourouzanfar. It is an attempt to make a comparison between the characteristics of thebelov MoreThe present article deals with the sayings of Baha al-din Valad written in his famous journal, entitled Maaref which has been published in 13333 by the efforts of Professor Fourouzanfar. It is an attempt to make a comparison between the characteristics of thebeloved in the words of BahaValad with what Moulana has drawn of his beloved and master Shams Tabrizi in his Ghazaliat. Through this comparison and assessment, the writer seeks similarities in line of thought of the father and the son and also reveals point of departure in their thoughts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Defence of Eblis in some Schools of Sufism
Bahador JavdanehSufis’s view with regard to Eblis is one of most controversial and at the same time the most engaging subjects that is reflected in their most important texts. On one hand, one is faced with radical beliefs speaking of rejection of devil and his condem MoreSufis’s view with regard to Eblis is one of most controversial and at the same time the most engaging subjects that is reflected in their most important texts. On one hand, one is faced with radical beliefs speaking of rejection of devil and his condemnation from the God’s providence and on the other hand some of the key figures in the sufi world with their various interpretations in defence of Eblis or at least regarding his refusal to obey Adam, made their best to regard him as manifestation of love and bravery. This article is concerned with the study of the views of the great sufi figures regarding Eblis with emphasis on the ideological foundations of such renowned characters as Hallaj, Ahmad Ghazali, Ayn al-Qudat Hamedani, Attar Neishabouri, and Moulana Jalal al-Din Mohammad Balkhi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Hadith Moulana and his Masnavi in gatherings andspeeches of the Indian mystics
Sharieef Hossein GhasemiThe great Indian mystics have always been in contact with the Persian mystics. Migration of the mystics to India and coming of Moslems from the old Khorasan to this land has greatly helped the development of these relations. Indian mystics have always had el MoreThe great Indian mystics have always been in contact with the Persian mystics. Migration of the mystics to India and coming of Moslems from the old Khorasan to this land has greatly helped the development of these relations. Indian mystics have always had elders and relatives in Khorasan and this bondage has continued for some time. One of the most distinguished eminent Persian mystics is Moulana Jalal al-Din Mohammad Balkhiwhose mystical and spiritual identity remained unrecognized in India in his time, however he was always praised by the poor and the Indian mystics and his Masnavi and Ghazaliat were reverberated in gatherings and speeches of the Indian mystics. Mystics such as Bu Ali Qalandar, SheykhAmanallahPanipat, shaykh Hassan Badakhshi for the confirmation of their mystical sayings especially about unity of being have drawn upon the verses from Masnavi. In this article the manner in which the Indian mystics came under Moulana’s spell is studied, and where appropriate examples are provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Study of the stylistic features and motifs in Kalim Kashani’s Ghazaliat
Mahmud Sadegh ZadehKalim Kashani is a creative, balanced, and prolific poet who has tried his hand in all types of poetry but his main reputation is for his lyricism. Kalim’s Ghazaliat apart from having common features of Indian style, due to its poetic force of creativity, ri MoreKalim Kashani is a creative, balanced, and prolific poet who has tried his hand in all types of poetry but his main reputation is for his lyricism. Kalim’s Ghazaliat apart from having common features of Indian style, due to its poetic force of creativity, richness of diction and semantics, and lyrical inclinations, it has linguistic, literary features. The art of Kalim lies in his creation of imagery, content and he uses all the rhetoric possibilities of language in such a simple clear manner that makes his dense imagery far from complexity and ambiguity. Similies in Ghazaliat Kalim is divided into three parts: wide, farfetched, and favourite. In his Ghazaliat, Kalim uses mostly perceptual metaphors and sometimes he creates novel imagery out of non poetic subjects. Although parallelism is the main feature of Saeb’s poetry, but Kalim is known to be the pioneer of this style and it is the characteristic of his poetry. Kalim’s Ghazaliat in terms of mental and spiritual states is expressive of his philosophical and lyrical thoughts. The frequency of words, and his particular motifs in many cases is representative of his speculative and skeptical philosophical ideas. The main feature of his Ghazaliat is the application of such motifs which is the core of imagination and it reveals his perspective of life. In this research, the analysis of his Ghazaliat with reference to previous studies has been made and examples were given. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The role of "Kimiya-yi Sa'adat in Peoples' morality, way of life, conduct, and their salvation
Mehdi MahooziKimiya-yi Sa'adat (The Alchemy of Happiness) is a persian version of Ihya'ul ulumuddin in arabic, an outstanding work translated and summerized by Abu Hamed Imam Mohammad Ghazali. This book is divided into four major sections, each containing ten chapters: I MoreKimiya-yi Sa'adat (The Alchemy of Happiness) is a persian version of Ihya'ul ulumuddin in arabic, an outstanding work translated and summerized by Abu Hamed Imam Mohammad Ghazali. This book is divided into four major sections, each containing ten chapters: Ibadat (Acts of worship), Moamelat (Transactions), Muhlikat (The ways to perdition), and Munjiyat (The ways to salvation). Ghazali wrote this work with a prose style comprehensible to all in order to teach people from all walks of life way of living, social conduct, and to save them from vices and show them the path towards happiness and salvation in life and afterlife. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Moulana this sudden resurrection
Daryush SabourMoulana Jalal al-din Mohammad Balkhi is the most distinguished thinker and poet of the 7th century AH whose two grand oeuvres MasnaviManavi and Ghazaliat Shams are ranked among the greatest in the world. Although about these two masterpieces till present numerous MoreMoulana Jalal al-din Mohammad Balkhi is the most distinguished thinker and poet of the 7th century AH whose two grand oeuvres MasnaviManavi and Ghazaliat Shams are ranked among the greatest in the world. Although about these two masterpieces till present numerous commentaries, and books have been written, studies been made yet from all aspects particularly regarding their wonderful themesthe works are forever open to researches. This article is a study of Moulana’s grand thought, imagination, compassion, and feeling and also his poetics and his language which has captured the world with his genius. Manuscript profile
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