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Open Access Article
1 - Investigation of Social Networks (Facebook, Twitter, Line, Viber) Impact on Social Identity of Users
Shirzad Bakhshi Taliabi Shahnaz Hashemi Mohammad SoltanifarNew communication technologies and their information highway, especially Internet, have led to developments in intensity and extent of people communication throughout of world, and they have created qualitative development in type of people communication with each other MoreNew communication technologies and their information highway, especially Internet, have led to developments in intensity and extent of people communication throughout of world, and they have created qualitative development in type of people communication with each other. It means that nowadays it is possible to use a lot of information in the least time and establish oral, written, and visual communication with relatively low cost using social networks with the presence in in this highway. While many developments played role in emergence of this phenomenon, it has created several developments after its emerging, that one of these developments occurred in the base and meaning of social identity of people. In this study, we examined the impact of social networks (Facebook, Twitter, Line, and Viber) on internet addiction, undermining the values of Iraninan culture, fading and fragmentation of social identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigating the Quantitative Trend of Land Changes in Kermanshah Province (Case Study: Gharesou and Mereg Watershed (in years 1984, 2000, and 2016))
Fatemeh Mardani Yaghouti Mehrdad Khanmohammadi Peyman KaramiBackground and Objectives: Human activities change land cover at unprecedented speeds and large spatial scales. The rapid changes in ecosystems in recent decades have been more along all the human history and have led to unprecedented changes in ecosystems and env MoreBackground and Objectives: Human activities change land cover at unprecedented speeds and large spatial scales. The rapid changes in ecosystems in recent decades have been more along all the human history and have led to unprecedented changes in ecosystems and environmental performance at local, regional and global scales. This research aims to investigate the process of landscape quantitative changes in Gharesou and Mereg watersheds. Investigation method: For monitoring changes, Landsat satellite imagery of 1984 (TM), 2000 (ETM+) and 2016 (OLI-TIRS) were used. The classification was performed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. Land cover was classified into seven categories. Metrics PLAND, NP (Number of Patch), PD (Patch Density), and ED (Edge Density) at the Level of Class, NP, LPI (Largest Patch Index), CONTAG (Contagion), and SHDI (Shannon's diversity index) were calculated at the level of Landscape for the study area. Results: The results indicate that the highest percentage of the land cover belongs to agricultural lands and then medium rangelands. The numbers of patches of agricultural land in the period of 1984-2004 has increased due to the conversion of rangelands to agricultural lands and then between years 2000-2016 have decreased due to the conversion to medium ranges with a lesser rate. The number of forest patches in the first period has decreased because of conversion to medium rangelands and increased during the second period. Conclusion: The study of the landscape metrics indicates the increase in continuity, the reduction of fragmentation and diversity in the first time period, and in contrast, in the second time period, continuity has decreased and fragmentation and diversity have increased. Given the fact that the process of landscape changes varies over two different periods, it can generally be noted that the fragmentation and diversity of the landscape have declined and the spatial continuity has increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Using Landscape Metrics and Remote Sensing to Analyze Land Changes and Land Degradation (Case Study: Shirin Dare Watershed Basin-North Khorasan province-Iran)
Zahra Parvar Kamran Shayesteh Morteza BehzadfarBackground and Objective: Land Use and Land Cover change is one of the most important factors affecting natural resources and at a worldwide scale. Analyzing and monitoring the Changes is a complex procedure. The analysis of landscape pattern as an important procedure h MoreBackground and Objective: Land Use and Land Cover change is one of the most important factors affecting natural resources and at a worldwide scale. Analyzing and monitoring the Changes is a complex procedure. The analysis of landscape pattern as an important procedure helps researchers to realize and quantify LULC changes of the earth surface. The ability to quantify to describe landscape structure is prerequisite to the study of landscape function and change. Landscape ecology has various quantitative indices to analyze and describe the landscape structure for this purpose. Landscape metrics represent the spatial pattern of the entire landscape mosaic e.g. the proportion of each landscape type, or the shape of the component landscape elements at a set point in time. Material and Methodology: This study applied supervised classification-maximum likelihood in IDRISI Selva to detect land cover/land use changes observed in Shirin dare watershed using satellite data obtained from Landsat for the years 1996, 2005 and 2015 respectively. The watershed was classified into six major land cover/use classes viz based on our purpose. Various class-level and landscape level-landscape pattern metrics were calculated using Fragstats 4.2 in order to analyze landscape structure. Metrics include NP, MPS, LPI, SIDI, SHDI, SHEI and SIEI were used in this study. These metrics can give us a lot of information about the structure and changes of landscape components. Findings: The overall classification accuracies in land use cartographies in 1996, 2005 and 2015 were 92.96%, 87.29% and 87/45%, respectively. Our results between 2005 and 2015 were clearly showed that increased number of patches and decreased mean patch area two important fragmentation indicators and the trend of landscape degradation and fragmentation was increasing. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the current patterns of dry farm land and barren land development in the studied landscape and in order to reduce the alarming rates of land degradation and become more efficient land use managers, it is necessary to know the causes of land changes. That means with the ongoing land degradation trend, a reasonable land use plan should be made with emphasis on protecting natural forests, grasslands and the water body. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Ecological Network, New Approach to Biodiversity Conservation and Habitats on Landscape
Jalil Imani Harsini Aida AshjaeeBackground and Objective: Isolation of populations and reduction of genetic diversity due to habitat isolation is a significant issue in the protection of biodiversity and habitats. Ecological networks include natural and semi-natural elements that are created to mainta MoreBackground and Objective: Isolation of populations and reduction of genetic diversity due to habitat isolation is a significant issue in the protection of biodiversity and habitats. Ecological networks include natural and semi-natural elements that are created to maintain and restore ecological functions, conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use of natural resources. The purpose of this descriptive - review article introduce ecological networks as a new approach in order to protection biodiversity and habitats in the Landscape scale.Analysis methodology: The present study is a review-descriptive and applied method, and has been done by using library documents and electronic databases and a comprehensive review of numerous English articles.Findings: The role of the new approach of ecological networks in different sources is, maintaining the integrity and ecological stability of habitats, preserving ecological processes, identifying areas with conservation priorities, strengthening the system of protected areas, preserving biodiversity and sustainable use of natural resources and habitat management And they are considered a useful tool in the management of protected areas and its complement.Discussion and Conclusions: Due to the efficiency and application of ecological networks, the use of this approach by public and private organizations in order to improve the process of conservation and management of habitats and biodiversity is recommended. Reviewing numerous foreign articles and sources in the field of ecological networks and their relationship with conservation shows their role as a complementary tool in conservation. The use of this approach will help to improve the integrated management of habitats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A comparison of continuous and discrete indices in measuring Gorgan forest landscape fragmentation
Ehsan Rahimi Abdol-Rasoul Salman Mahini Sattar SoltanianLandscape ecology is mainly based on the patch-corridor-matrix model. Although this model is efficient and has been successfully used in landscape ecology studies, but it is believed that this model cannot consider the continuous heterogeneity. This fact has encouraged MoreLandscape ecology is mainly based on the patch-corridor-matrix model. Although this model is efficient and has been successfully used in landscape ecology studies, but it is believed that this model cannot consider the continuous heterogeneity. This fact has encouraged researchers in the field to find new indicators for landscape analysis in a continuous framework. The aim of this study is a comparison of continuous and discrete indices in measuring Gorgan forest landscape fragmentation based on the moving window technique. This technique was performed on a classified map derived from SPOT satellite image in year 2010 using a maximum likelihood algorithm and on NDVI vegetation index from a Landsat satellite image of the year 2010. Window sizes were considered in 60, 90, 150 and 300 meters and six landscape class-level metrics were selected for the comparison including LPI, LSI, SPLIT, MESH, AI and PLAND. To assess the correlation between the output images of each of these metrics, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used. The results of the statistical comparisons of different window sizes showed that the values of the correlation coefficient were increased with increasing window size, as the high correlation values were seen when the window size was 300m belonging to PLAND and SPLIT metrics. All of the metrics had minimum correlation values in the window size 60m and the LSI metric had the lowest correlation (0.33). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigation of the effects of copper sulfate on sperm quality parameters, DNA fragmentation rate and testicular tissue of adult rats of wistar breed
rahil jannatifar hamid piroozmanesh Leila naserpoorAim: Copper sulfate is one of the most important environmental pollutants that has the ability to produce free radicals and create oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of copper sulfate on sperm quality parameters, DNA fragmentation rat MoreAim: Copper sulfate is one of the most important environmental pollutants that has the ability to produce free radicals and create oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of copper sulfate on sperm quality parameters, DNA fragmentation rate and testicular tissue of adult Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 adult Wistar rats weighing 250-200 grams were used. Random adult mice were treated in 3 control groups, copper sulfate receptor with concentration (100 mg / kg) and concentration (200 mg / kg) for 56 days. At the end of the treatment period, testicular weight, sperm count and parameters were assessed based on (WHO2010). The quality of sperm chromatin was assessed by acridine uranium nuclear pigments. Malondialdehyde level was measured. Data were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA statistical method. Results: The quality of sperm parameters in copper sulfate with a concentration of 200 mg / kg decreased significantly (P <0.05). The testicular weight was significantly reduced at a dose of 200 mg / kg (P <0.05). The diameter of the seminiferous tubules, testosterone levels,, germ cell count, and sperm DNA fragmentation rate decreased at a dose of 200 mg / kg (P <0.05). The concentration of malondialdehyde at a dose of 200 mg / kg sulfate copper was significantly increased (P <0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that high concentrations of copper sulfate cause destructive effects on sperm quality, testicular tissue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Influence of front row burden on fragmentation, Muckpile shape, Excavator cycle time, and back break in surface Limestone Mines
Bhanwar Choudhary Rajesh Arora -
Open Access Article
8 - Prediction of fragmentation by blasting operation in mines- case study: Gol-e-Gohar iron mine
Ahmad Asadi Eman EnayatollahiBlasting is a key element in mining operation that constitutes near 30% of total mining cost. If this process doesnot carry out correctly, it will increase up to 50% with secondary blasting. A proper basis blasting operation notonly can reduce side effect on the environ MoreBlasting is a key element in mining operation that constitutes near 30% of total mining cost. If this process doesnot carry out correctly, it will increase up to 50% with secondary blasting. A proper basis blasting operation notonly can reduce side effect on the environment, but also can get rid of some undesirable consequences such asback break, fly rock and secondary blasting. Concerning the above notations a predetermination of a method toestimate the size of the fragmented rock and scattered fragmentation is so important and the results are sobeneficial. In this study after performing a series of blasting at Gol-e-Gohar iron mine using artificial neuralnetwork some models for predicting fragmentation have been achieved. In order to select the best blastingpattern concerning fragmentation, Tagochi method was utilized. In these series of experiments, fragmentationresults by using these two methods was 57.5 and 60 cm respectively, which are close to fragmentation at themine. Consequently, some environmental problems were solved by using this pattern of blasting at the Gol-eGohar iron mine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A Study on the Different Effect of Religiosity in General and Private Spheres of Life
Taghi Azad Armaki Fatemeh Moradi -
Open Access Article
10 - The Improvement of Mechanical Properties of the Incoloy 825 Weld Metal by Applying Electromagnetic Vibration
Ali Pourjafar Reza Dehmolaei -
Open Access Article
11 - Effect of Land Fragmentation on Smallholders’ Productivity in Imo State, Nigeria
Onwuchekwa Iheke Ebuka Amaechi -
Open Access Article
12 - Chemical ionization of valine amino acid at atmospheric pressure using ion mobility spectrometer equipped with corona discharge ionization source
Manijeh Tozihi Nasim Najaflu Hamed BahramiIn this research, chemical ionization of valine amino acid in atmospheric pressure has been investigated through its interaction with hydronium and ammonium ions by using ion mobility spectrometer equipped with corona discharge ionization source. It was found that in th MoreIn this research, chemical ionization of valine amino acid in atmospheric pressure has been investigated through its interaction with hydronium and ammonium ions by using ion mobility spectrometer equipped with corona discharge ionization source. It was found that in the presence of hydronium as reactant ion and ammonium as dopant, the ionization of valine took place through its protonation, fragmentation of protonated molecule, and also formation of adduct ions. At least six ionic species were identified as product. In ion mobility spectrum of valine, two signals were assigned to the protonated valine and its symmetric proton-bound dimer, respectively. Identification of two other signals were conducted by comparison of the ion mobility spectrum of valine and isobutylamine. Using mass-mobility correlation equation based on two standard masses, two other signals were assigned. One of them was attributed to an ionic cluster obtained from the interaction of the ionic fragment with the neutral molecule of valine and the other one was related to a carbocation resulting from the fragmentation of protonated valine through the elimination of water. By the study of time, evolution of product and reactant ions signals and also the change of cell temperature, the proposed origin of the signals was confirmed. Therefore, the identification of ion products without need to couple the ion mobility spectrometer to the mass spectrometer was performed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Effect of Patulin on Some Spermatic Parameters of Human
Z.S. Rasouli S.F. Siadat M. Heydari Nasrabadi A. ShahverdiPatulin is a toxin from Mycotoxins family that is produced by several species of mold especially Aspergillus, Byssochlamys and Penicillium ecspansom. The presence of Penicillium Ecspansom on apples and its juice causes concern. Patulin has teratogenic on the fetus, gene MorePatulin is a toxin from Mycotoxins family that is produced by several species of mold especially Aspergillus, Byssochlamys and Penicillium ecspansom. The presence of Penicillium Ecspansom on apples and its juice causes concern. Patulin has teratogenic on the fetus, genetic mutagenicity and carcinogenicity effects. In this study, we have tried to investigate the effect of this toxin on human sperm and its role as a male factor in men`s infertility. The purpose of study Patulin toxin has destructive and harmful effects on human sperm DNA and its excessive amounts in fruit juices. The present study has been done on 40 samples taken from infertile patients referring to Royan Institute. Mobility, pH, morphology, viability and sperm DNA fragmentation were studied before and after the use of Patulin with 5 doses of 0.02, 0.05, 0.16, 0.33 and 0.5 micrograms per milliliter that was diluted with medium Ham`sF10. The results showed that concentrations of 0.33, 0.5 and 0.05 caused a significant decrease in sperm motility, pH and viability. The concentrations of 0.33 and 0.5 caused a significant damage on sperm DNA but have not affected morphology, the number of positive peroxidase cells and sperm count. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Evaluation of Anti-Proliferative and Anti- Effects of Kombucha Tea Solvent Fraction on Colorectal Cancer Cell Line (HT-29)
Elham Ghodousi Dehnavi Mohammad Arjmand Reza Haji Hosseini Zahra Zamani Sima NasriFermented beverage, traditionally the result of the fermentation of sweet tea by Kombucha fungus, has beneficial effects in the treatment of many diseases, especially cancer. The present study is aimed at assessing the effect of different fractions of Kombucha tea on pr MoreFermented beverage, traditionally the result of the fermentation of sweet tea by Kombucha fungus, has beneficial effects in the treatment of many diseases, especially cancer. The present study is aimed at assessing the effect of different fractions of Kombucha tea on proliferation and apoptosis on colon cancer cell line HT-29. In the present experimental study, the survival rate and cell proliferation of Kumbucha tea solvent fractions including chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, hexane, and the final aqueous phase at concentrations of 0-900 μg/ ml were investigated by MTT and clonogenic assay. The rate of apoptosis induction was assessed by DNA fragmentation assay and flowcytometry. The aqueous and butanol fractions had no cytotoxic effects. After 24 hours, the IC50 for ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane was determined 213/49±1/63, 296/70±2/11 and 563/2±83/29 μg/ml, respectively. The results revealed that inhibition of cell growth was dose-dependent. The concentration of IC50 in these fractions caused the DNA to fragment. Apoptosis analysis by flowcytometry with these concentrations showed that the ethyl acetate component caused apoptosis while the death caused by IC50 concentrations of chloroform and hexane fractions was more than necrosis. The dose-dependent ethyl acetate fraction of Kambucha tea induced cell death through the apoptotic pathway and it was observed to be responsible for the anti-apoptotic and anti-proliferative properties. It seems to be a good candidate to prevent the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Environmental obligations of governments; Systematic or fragmented politics
sodabeh namdariyan leila resisi dozdakiInternational Law of water is a subcategory of International environment law which they overlap in terms of applicable laws. While the field of international law of water is a brand-new field and many of its aspects face research gap dealing with each aspect can be rega MoreInternational Law of water is a subcategory of International environment law which they overlap in terms of applicable laws. While the field of international law of water is a brand-new field and many of its aspects face research gap dealing with each aspect can be regarded untapped. States accept obligations through different treaties and conventions by which they are obliged to perform, the field of water which the most important parts are international watercourses and freshwater at the international arena are of high significance. Managing and protecting such waters brings up challenges from the perspective of international law for the watercourses states which it is due to fragmentation of international law. Some believe in coherence and systematic aspect of this field, but some others bearing in mind fragmentation of international law, believe that international law of water is also affected by fragmentation. In this article we attempt, regarding environmental obligations of states, to examine fragmentation and coherence aspects of the existing rules. Manuscript profile
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