List of Articles Formalin

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  1 - Comparison of DNA extraction methods from formalin-fixed tissues
  فرزانه تفویضی، رضا عصاره .
  The commence point of several molecular biology methods was necessity for high-quality DNA extraction. Ordinary, the quality of DNA were determinate with some factors such as DNA contamination from RNA, proteins, lipids and other structures which dis More

  The commence point of several molecular biology methods was necessity for high-quality DNA extraction. Ordinary, the quality of DNA were determinate with some factors such as DNA contamination from RNA, proteins, lipids and other structures which disturb in activity of digestive enzymes and polymerase. Usually, DNA extraction from paraffin-embedded blocks and formalin-fixed tissues were damaged, owing to the fact that destructive effect were entered on DNA inconsequence, they had not desirable quality. The aim of this study was to present an efficient method for extracting DNA from tissue that fixed in formalin. Two different protocols of Bioneer and General Genomic Extraction Kits were compared for DNA extraction from formalin-fixed tissues. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation was performed on DNA. For verification and evaluation of DNA, PCR for β-globin gene was fulfilled on all samples. The results showed that the quality and quantity of DNA which extracted with General Genomic Extraction kit were more desired in comparison with Bioneer kit. The amount of samples that amplified with primers β-globin, illustrate more concentration and purity of mentioned DNA extraction kit in compared with Bioneer kit. Due to the damage caused by fixing tissues in formalin, General Genomic Extraction Kit was more efficient for DNA extraction. This method can be used for DNA extraction from formalin-fixed tissues and paraffin-embedded blocks for routine research and clinical trials. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Effects Of Formalin and Copper Sulfate on Skin Tissues Of Khazar White Fish (Rutilus kutum
  Massoud Farokhroz Abbas Ali Zamini Elahe Mozafari
  Inroduction and Objective:  Formalinand copper sulfate  are compoundsthanthosewho areconstantly inaquacultureto treatparasitic infectionsandbacterialinfectionsareused. Fishskinare as organsthatareconstantlyexposed tothe external environmentandbecause ofits roleinrespira More

  Inroduction and Objective:  Formalinand copper sulfate  are compoundsthanthosewho areconstantly inaquacultureto treatparasitic infectionsandbacterialinfectionsareused. Fishskinare as organsthatareconstantlyexposed tothe external environmentandbecause ofits roleinrespirationandosmoticbalance ofthese chemicalsandheavy metalare thefirst target. The purpose ofthisstudyis ofhistopathologicaleffectsof copper sulfateandformaldehydeconcentrationsonskintissue ofwhite fishin the Caspian SeaMaterial and Methods: In this research, indication of probable waste for skin tissues of Khazar white fish with average weight of 428 Mg and length weight of 3.5 Cm is addressed after exposing to different compactness of copper sulfate (in 20 minutes short time care and 24 hours long time care,100ppm and 1ppm) and formalin (in short time care and long time care,25ppm and 250ppm). After stabilizing tissues in 10 percent formalin and making 5 micrometer section, it is painted with hematoxylin method and is studied by optical microscope.Results:The results showed that in the consideration of skin histology, there was not any changes in skin cells which was in exposure of lowest compactness of copper, but in compactness of 100ppm disparting epidermis layers was more than basal layer. Keratinocyte layer existent in skin remained without any change and effects of bleeding was not seen.Conclusions:In considerations of skin, individuation of layers is seen in a mild extent and in long time care is seen in Malpigy cells and disparting epidermis layers from basal layers and effects of hyperemia has not been seen.  Manuscript profile
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  3 - EffectsOf FormalinandCopper Sulfate onGillTissuesOf KhazaWhite Fish(Rutiluskutum
  Masoud Farrokh roz Abass Ali Zamini Elahe Mozafari
  IntroductionandObjective:Formalinand copper sulfate  are compoundsthanthosewho areconstantly inaquacultureto treatparasitic infectionsandbacterialinfectionsareused. Fishgillsare as organsthatareconstantlyexposed tothe external environmentandbecause ofits roleinrespirati More

  IntroductionandObjective:Formalinand copper sulfate  are compoundsthanthosewho areconstantly inaquacultureto treatparasitic infectionsandbacterialinfectionsareused. Fishgillsare as organsthatareconstantlyexposed tothe external environmentandbecause ofits roleinrespirationandosmoticbalance ofthese chemicalsandheavy metalare thefirst target. The purpose ofthisstudyis ofhistopathologicaleffectsof copper sulfateandformaldehydeconcentrationsongilltissue ofwhite fishin the Caspian SeaMaterials and Methods: In this research, indication of probable was teforgill tissues of Caspianwhitefish with average weight of 428 mg and length weight of 3.5cm is addressed after exposing to different compactness of copper sulfate (in 20 minutes short time care and 24 hours long time care, 100ppm and 1ppm) and formalin (inshort time care and long time care, 25ppm and 250ppm). After stabilizingtissuesin10 percent formalin and making 5 micrometersection, it is painted with hematoxylin method and is studied by optical microscope.Results: The results showed that lying gill in the proximity of 1ppm per copper sulfate litter can cause to start as lighthy per plagy at gill secondary blade. In compactness of100ppm, these was tesare enhanced and brings about phenol mena such as hyperplagyin the gill primary and secondary lamell as and very much hyperemia was evident.Conclusion: The results of lyinggill in proximityof 25ppm formalin ,a little hyperemi a was evident and in long time cause the presence of red globule. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Comparison of formalin and formalin substitution fixation effects on time dependent postmortem changes in rat testis
  ali anisian
  Although formalin is one of the main substances which is using for tissue fixation, it is harmful for public health. Thus, it is necessary to replace by its substitutions. The aim of the study is comparison of fixation ability of formalin and a formalin substitution in More

  Although formalin is one of the main substances which is using for tissue fixation, it is harmful for public health. Thus, it is necessary to replace by its substitutions. The aim of the study is comparison of fixation ability of formalin and a formalin substitution in time dependent post mortem changes prevention in testis tissue of rat. To this propose, 10 % buffered formalin and a commercial formalin substitution were used. Sampling of rat testis tissue was done on different hours after death. The samples were weighted and then immersed in two above mentioned fixatives. After 48 h, they were processed, embedded, sectioned and stained. The results showed testis weight reduced, and architecture of the tissue was missed. However, both fixatives had somewhat preserving effects on post mortem changes in tissues. This study showed the two fixatives had similar results with limit differences. Therefore, formalin could easily be replaced with substitutions. Although, they are more expensive than formalin, but considering lesser toxicity, the difference is reasonable. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Comparative histomorphometric study of small intestine in broiler chicken using the closed-Clarke, opened-formalin and closed-formalin fixation methods
  Aref Mahmoodtabar Mohammad Amir karimi Torshizi
  Tissue fixation is a vital step in preparation of samples for histological studies and mistakes at this stage could lead to irreversible damage. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of three sample preparation-fixation methods on histomorphometic indices of s More

  Tissue fixation is a vital step in preparation of samples for histological studies and mistakes at this stage could lead to irreversible damage. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of three sample preparation-fixation methods on histomorphometic indices of small intestine of broilers. Thirty 10 day old broilers of Ross 308 strain were used in the study. Segments of small intestine were washed and prepared as opened or closed sections. The closed sections were fixed in 10% saline-formalin. The opened samples were cut at the mesenteric line and were fixed by 10% saline-formalin. In Clarke’s fixation the ends of samples were sealed by string and Clarke’s solution was injected into the lumen. Fixed samples were subjected to paraffin embedding and 5 µm sections were cut using rotary microtome and sections were stained by Eosin-Hematoxylin and Alcian blue. In each section the villus height, villus thickness, crypt depth and goblets’ density were measured under light microscope and the villus surface index was also calculated. Data were subjected to ANOVA in a completely randomized design with three treatments and 30 observations. The results indicated that method of preparation-fixation had a significant effect on morphometric indices (p<0.01). The closed-formalin’s samples had the greatest villus height and crypt depth values in all three intestinal segments, while the lowest values were observed in closed-Clarke’s method (p<0.01). Closed-Clarke’s samples had the thickest villus in all three parts of small intestine followed by closed-formalin’s and opened-formalin’s samples (p<0.01). Villus surface area was highest in closed-formalin fixed samples (p<0.01). Considering simplicity of the method, low cost,  better mucosal protection and lack of severe tissue changes observed in closed-formalin’s method, this method was considered as a method of choice in histomorphometric studies of poultry small intestinal mucosa. Manuscript profile
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  6 - The effect of verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem on formalin-induced pain response in mice
  M.H Khayat Nouri جواد Mahmody M.R Hoseinchi Ghareaghaji
  Voltage-gated calcium channels play a major role in the control of cellular processes in cardiac, vascular and neuronal tissues. Verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem are calcium channel blockers widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular ailments in humans. A number More

  Voltage-gated calcium channels play a major role in the control of cellular processes in cardiac, vascular and neuronal tissues. Verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem are calcium channel blockers widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular ailments in humans. A number of studies have shown that calcium channel blockers have antinociception and antiinflammatory effects in a range of animal models (but not in all animal models). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem on formalin-induced pain and inflammation in mice. In this experimental study, verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem (10 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected 30 minutes before the injection of 20µl of 5% formalin solution into the paw region. The time of licking and biting of injected paw was measured as pain response at 5 minute intervals for 1 hour. The results showed that formalin induced a biphasic pain response (first phase: 0-5 and second phase: 20-45 minute after injection). Intraperitoneal injection of verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem before formalin reduced the second phase (inflammatory pain) of pain response significantly (p<0.05) and only verapamil reduced the first phase (neurogenic pain) of pain response significantly (p<0.05). Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem possess antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activity probably via a decrease in calcium influx that in turn interferes with the release of neurotransmitters and other substances that promote nociception and inflammation. Manuscript profile
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  7 - اثر ضد درد و ضد التهاب عصاره هیدروالکلی گیاه مرزه بختیاری بر موش سوری
  فیروزه سقایی صادق معتمدی
  10.14196/JHD.2018.179
  مقدمه و هدف: استفاده از داروهای ضد درد و ضد التهاب در طب بالینی ضروری و اجتناب ناپذیر است. از طرفی مصرف روز افزون داروهای شیمیایی، عوارض جانبی متعددی را به همراه دارد که اغلب خطرناک‌ بوده و لذا استفاده از گیاهان دارویی با عوارض جانبی احتمالی کمتر، به عنوا More

  مقدمه و هدف: استفاده از داروهای ضد درد و ضد التهاب در طب بالینی ضروری و اجتناب ناپذیر است. از طرفی مصرف روز افزون داروهای شیمیایی، عوارض جانبی متعددی را به همراه دارد که اغلب خطرناک‌ بوده و لذا استفاده از گیاهان دارویی با عوارض جانبی احتمالی کمتر، به عنوان تسکین درد و التهاب از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. گیاه مرزه بختیاری با داشتن ترکیبات تیمول، پاراسایمن، منتون و کارواکرول احتمالاً می‌تواند درد را تسکین و التهاب را کاهش دهد. روش تحقیق: از 75 سر موش سوری نر (با وزن 30 - 20 گرم) در 15 گروه آزمایشی استفاده شد. روش کار شامل آزمون رایزینگ و فرمالین برای بررسی اثرات ضد درد و آزمون گزیلن برای بررسی اثر ضد التهاب بود. عصاره گیاه در دوزهای 400 و 600 و 800 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن موش، مرفین ( 10میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) در آزمون درد و دگزامتازون (10 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) در آزمون التهاب به عنوان کنترل مثبت استفاده شدند. نتایج و بحث: عصاره الکلی گیاه مرزه بختیاری در مقایسه با گروه کنترل به طور معناداری سبب کاهش درد گردید ولی اثر ضد التهاب این دارو با آزمون گزیلن اثبات نشد که نیاز به بررسی بیشتر از طریق آزمونهای دیگر دارد. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج، اثر ضد درد عصاره با مرفین قابل مقایسه بوده است، لذا به نظر می‌رسد با تحقیقات بیشتر در آینده بتوان از این گیاه در تسکین درد بهره برد. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Extraction and Determination of Trace Copper (II) Using Octadecyl Silica Membrane Disks Modified 1-(2-Pyridyl Azo) 2-Naphtol(Pan) in Water Samples and Paraffin-Embedded Tissues from Liver Loggerhead Turtles Specimens by FAAS
  A. Moghimi M. Shabanzadeh
  10.22034/jchr.2012.543990
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  9 - The Analgesic Effect of Dietary Sesame Oil in Young Male Rats
  حسین محمدپورکارگر منیره شفاهی مهناز کسمتی
  Sesame oil is applied in physiological and pharmacological researches as a solvent. It contains unsaturated fatty acids and lecithin. Physiological functions may be altered by these components. In this research, effect of dietary sesame oil on acute pain perception was More

  Sesame oil is applied in physiological and pharmacological researches as a solvent. It contains unsaturated fatty acids and lecithin. Physiological functions may be altered by these components. In this research, effect of dietary sesame oil on acute pain perception was studied.N-MRI male rats (200andplusmn;20 g) were used. Animals divided to two groups: control that ate plats without sesame oil and experimental group that divided to three subgroups that ate dietary plats that contain 10% sesame oil for 28, 42 and 56 days respectively. After 28, 42 and 56 days pain threshold was tested by digital hot plate and formalin. Data was analyzed by one way ANOVA.Hot plate test: Sesame oil diet decreased pain in the 28 days (Pandlt;0.002) and 42 days (Pandlt;0.03) and 56 days (Pandlt;0.005) significantly. In Formalin test sesame oil diet decreased pain in the 28 days (Pandlt;0.0001) and 42 days (Pandlt;0.0001) and 56 days (Pandlt;0.0003) significantly in early phase and also we found significant difference in 42 days (Pandlt;0.03) and 56 days (Pandlt;0.0005) in late phase of formalin test.Conclusion: Our data showed that dietary sesame oil could increase pain threshold. It seems that sesame oil lecithin (as a source for acetylcholine) or unsaturated fatty acid (altered plasma membrane properties or PGs metabolism or affects on GABAergic) involve in this pain threshold alternation. Manuscript profile
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  10 - Effect of individual housing on chronic pain in mice
  M.R Rahimnejad رامین Hajikhani M.U Aguilar Merchen
  Individual housing and social isolation means falling apart from fellow in man and social animals is consideredone powerful stressful event through several studies that has been shown negative effects of individual housingon various aspects of physiological function of More

  Individual housing and social isolation means falling apart from fellow in man and social animals is consideredone powerful stressful event through several studies that has been shown negative effects of individual housingon various aspects of physiological function of living organisms such as laboratory, domestic and farm animals.In this study 20 mice (10 male and 10 female) have been divided into 2 groups (social and individual housing) andhave been maintained for one month in this condition then the rate of chronic pain were measured with formalintest. The results indicated reduction of chronic pain in male and female individually housed mice but this reductionwas signifcantly greater in male mice. For understanding mechanisms involved in this process, further studies inthe felds of neurochemical changes due to social isolation and sex differences in behavioral changes induced bysocial isolation are recommended Manuscript profile