List of Articles Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh

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  1 - The investigation of the marriage Proposal of Women from Men in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh with the Psychological Approach of Carl Gustav Jung
  maryam saeed Ali Eshghi Sardehi seyedaliakbar shariatifar saeed roozbahani
  10.30495/dk.2021.1923650.2204
  In Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh,in heroic and mythical era, we face that girls propose boys or women propose men that is not compatible with today’s culture and customs, while this is the fact that formed from the period of heroic and beginning of the first governme More

  In Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh,in heroic and mythical era, we face that girls propose boys or women propose men that is not compatible with today’s culture and customs, while this is the fact that formed from the period of heroic and beginning of the first government’s which formed on the cycle of farming and ranching and the needs of having developed lands. Heroes who had special power and strength in wars, could hold the honorable authority after kings or even better than kings; however, the daughter of outstanding people and princesses wishing to marry with heroes to have healthy and strong children who respect the family’s rank. The researchers of this study aimed to work on Anima and Animus that exists in women and men unconsciousness, and appeared as intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in consciousness by using psychological approach of Carl Gustav Jung, the well known western psychologist. It also aimed  to investigate the performances and consequences of forming Anima and animus as both positive and negative.This  investigation used a descriptive, analytical and comparative method. It demonstrated that the choosing of  a spouse in Shahnameh in the heroic era, was placed in the unconsciousness of story’s characters, and women can be the symbol of postitive and negative anima which is exists in the human psych and was influential in the destiny of kings and heroes. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Explanation and Analysis of Social Features in Tabrizi's Shahanshah Nameh and its Comparison with Ferdowsi's Shahnameh
  Hamideh Moghadas Hasanali Abbaspoor Esfeden Vahid Royani
  10.30495/dk.2023.1982590.2700
  Social features are the elements or constituents of a community, without which it is not possible to analyze that community. Shahnameh is important as a work arising from cultural, historical, and social heritage. The richness of this work and its importance are so much More

  Social features are the elements or constituents of a community, without which it is not possible to analyze that community. Shahnameh is important as a work arising from cultural, historical, and social heritage. The richness of this work and its importance are so much that many historical and epic epopees have been written by imitating it, and Tabrizi’s Shahanshah Nameh is an example of them. Making an investigation into the social components in these two works not only leads to the clarification of the ritual of life from Ferdowsi's lifetime to the end of the Mongol rule, but also clarifies the similarities and differences of the social components in these two works. No research has been conducted on this topic so far and the existing cases have only investigated some social components in the Shahnameh. The author seeks to prove the hypothesis that king is the main person of the country in these two works. The results of the research show that the people in the Shahnameh are aware and involved in the politics of their country, but they submit to coercion and bullying in Shahanshah Nameh and do not have any roles in determining their fate. This indicates the suffocating atmosphere of the Mongols' rule during the writing of Shahanshah Nameh. In addition, Shahanshah Nameh is similar to Shahnameh in components such as customs, celebration and mourning customs, and some war customs, but the ones such as the ruling style of kings, social justice, and public awareness are different in these two books. Manuscript profile
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  3 - A Symbolic Investigation of the Story of Keykhosrow’s Great Battle Characters with the Psychological Approach of Carl Gustav Jung
  Toktam Niyazmand Hamid Reza Soleimanian Ali Sajedi
  10.30495/dk.2022.1958902.2496
  A character is a collection of psychological characteristics and psychological characteristics are expressing the psychological differences and  similarities of people with each other. The Shahnameh of Ferdowsi is a work, that the great attention to the character h More

  A character is a collection of psychological characteristics and psychological characteristics are expressing the psychological differences and  similarities of people with each other. The Shahnameh of Ferdowsi is a work, that the great attention to the character has been paid to. What distinguishes Ferdowsi from other authors is the attention to the psychological and acting characters who are appropriate to the subject of the epic. consciously utilization of symbols indicates an action which is so important and it is related to the psychology. In addition, human also created unconscious and conscious symbols and in order to figure out the function of human’s mind well, we require to achieve those symbols inevitably. This study is conducted by using (descriptive-analytical-comparative) methods and employing library data. This study attempts to investigate symbolic characters who are in the story of Keykhosrow’s Great battle with psychological approach of Carl Gustav Jung.  Since Shahnameh of Ferdowsi is a national epic of Iranian, it has roots in their ethnic and national unconsciousness and this property provides the ability to investigate it based on Jung’s view. The most important result of this present study is: shadow, evil side is incompatible and vile of the human’s psyche and caught in the darkness of inside is realizing the shadows. In order to liberate from shadow, we require to know the dark sides of our character by having a reflection on our inner self. In the process of individualism (self-regulation) with the awareness of true self, the darkness of shadows moves away and individual reaches the true self. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Women’s portrait in Myth and History According to Shahnameh and Beyhaghi’s history
  hadi Khdivar rahele Ensafi soroor
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  5 - Ritual Symbols of Existential Intelligence in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
  Zohreh Haghighi Mobarhan Mohammad ali Davoodabadi mohamadreza asad
  One of the best indicators of intelligent behavior in human is the ability to utilize symbols (Gardner, 1999:24). Symbol is interrelated with the human’s conscious and subconscious mind and creates the language of myth and epic. The language of mythical and epic w More

  One of the best indicators of intelligent behavior in human is the ability to utilize symbols (Gardner, 1999:24). Symbol is interrelated with the human’s conscious and subconscious mind and creates the language of myth and epic. The language of mythical and epic works is symbolic and mysterious. The major religions of our world have created ritual symbols to be able to set forth arguments in existential themes with their members. This study primarily sought to find out answers for the role of symbols in recreation of existential intelligence in body of Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. Using an analytical-descriptive method and benefiting from library resources, this study made attempts to identify and extract ritual symbols in the Shahnameh; Finally, it was observed that existential intelligence is well represented in the light of symbols such as barsam and baj, hunting, marriage, burial, and celebration and wine by the Great Sage of Tus (Ferdowsi). No study has investigated the interrelationship among the symbols and the range of human’s intelligences rather the symbols used in Shahnameh have been studied most frequently. Therefore, this study is the pioneer in examining this untouched aspect. Manuscript profile
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  6 - The Reflection of Keeping a Promise in Shahnameh and in Avestan and Pahlavi Texts
  hoseyn jalali
  Shahnameh is a full-scale reflection of culture, philosophy and thoughts of Iranians and the manifestation of their beliefs, rituals, and social customs that can be analyzed with different approaches. This masterpiece is the most important source of versed culture of pa More

  Shahnameh is a full-scale reflection of culture, philosophy and thoughts of Iranians and the manifestation of their beliefs, rituals, and social customs that can be analyzed with different approaches. This masterpiece is the most important source of versed culture of past Iranians. The source and basis of Shahnameh’s poetical sense is Khwaday-Namags (Samanid era history texts), memoirs, religious narrations, Avesta, Pahlavi texts and even paintings. Because of this, this famous Iranian book of poetry was influenced by beliefs and customs of these sources and these traditions are mentioned in the masterpiece of Ferdowsi either by telling the whole story or by mentioning it. This research studies one of ancient Iranians’ customs, promising and keeping one’s promise, which is commonly included in Shahnameh, Avesta and Pahlavi texts. There has also been an emphasis on the fact that Shahnameh is the strongest document of the cultural identity of ancient Iranians and the anthology of Iranians’ past culture. Proof of this claim can be seen in the texts before Ferdowsi and contemporaneous works. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Criticize of the relationship between architecture and social security in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh
  Abdoulah shahriar ramin sadeginajhad Maryam mohammadzadeh
  Welfare and social security, as one of the characteristics of civilized and advanced societies, is a component that has a valuable place in the macro-policies of the world today; an approach that has been less prevalent in previous regimes. According to historians and r More

  Welfare and social security, as one of the characteristics of civilized and advanced societies, is a component that has a valuable place in the macro-policies of the world today; an approach that has been less prevalent in previous regimes. According to historians and researchers, and considering the text of the Shahnameh as one of the most original texts that informs us about the situation in pre-Islamic Iran, the issue of welfare and social security was given attention at the forefront of the macro policies of pre-Islamic Iranian kings from the Kianian to the Sassanids period. One of the most important tools for providing social welfare is to improve the industrial conditions of the country, which leads to the prosperity and development of the country and improvement in people's livelihood. Despite being costly, this has been taken care of because of the kings' attention to the well-being of the people and the generalization of wealth and social security. Therefore, relying on Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh as a historical-literary text, this research has studied the examples of industry and the application of its types and species in order to achieve welfare and social security. The result shows that dealing with industry, which is one of the heaviest and most expensive programs in the country, has always been considered by kings in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh to provide social services as pillars of welfare and social security. The method used in this research is a descriptive-analytical based on interdisciplinary research. Manuscript profile
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  8 - A narrative from Jamshid’s dynasty till the advent of Feraydun
  Hamidreza kharazmi
  AbstractMyths are the narrators of the man’s first stories and in the later stage where man moves from the primordial thoughts towards a newer life is no longer faced with the primal questions instead answers his new needs with myth.  In epic we encounter mor More

  AbstractMyths are the narrators of the man’s first stories and in the later stage where man moves from the primordial thoughts towards a newer life is no longer faced with the primal questions instead answers his new needs with myth.  In epic we encounter more logical narratives of the stories.  Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh as a written heritage of Persian myths in a newer epic genre is a retelling of the narratives which in the other epic and mythological books were orally communicated.  After logical expression of the history of heroes such as Kyomarth, Hoshang, Tahmores, and Jamshid, there is a gap in the reign of Ahurian and Zahhak comes into power, and later with the coming of Feraydun, Zahhak is overthroned.  In the thousand years of Zahhak’s demonic soveriengty, the fate of Jamshid’s  and  Feraydun’s dynasty and their relationship is not clear.  On the basis of other epic and historical sources in particular Kushnameh,  the purpose of this article is to retell this narrative.  The outcome of this research is that after wondering in India and Zabolestan, Jamshid marries Khaqan’s daughter and the King of Zabol’s daughter.  From one branch, Rostam’s clan is born and from the other Feraydun’s clan.  The method of the research is descriptive analytic one. Manuscript profile
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  9 - New findings regarding the Tale of Siavash amid the Kurdish narrative by Almas khan Kanoule’ei
  zahra jamshidi abas mohamadian
  Abstract The glory of the tales and their captivating features in Shahnameh have always been the focus of attention by the local poets.  Kurdish poets are no exceptions to this rule and had many times embarked on translation or representation of Shahnameh tales.&n More

  Abstract The glory of the tales and their captivating features in Shahnameh have always been the focus of attention by the local poets.  Kurdish poets are no exceptions to this rule and had many times embarked on translation or representation of Shahnameh tales.  One example of such influence is the book of poetry, Siavashnameh the invaluable work composed by Almas Khan Kandulei in Kurdish Gurani dialect following the example of the Tale of Siavash.  The Kurdish poet made an attempt to avoid mere translation and imitation and pay attention to literary creation.  To achieve this end, he narrates the story with more details to recreate another collection of poetry for this reason one encounters more precise cause and effect relations, and plots are more solid than its counterpart in Shahnameh, hence it could be used as a key to solve certain ambiguities in the tale of Siavash in Shahnameh and serve to provide solutions for the questions as yet left unanswered.  The writers of this article while making an effort to introduce Almas Khan and deal with his biography and works, also made an attempt to examine the two tales in terms of narrative, content, and events in the story and cite their points of difference employing comparative analytic method.  Moreover for certain actions and events in the story appropriate mythological analysis are provided. Manuscript profile
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  10 - The study of Asadi Tusi’s anxiety of influence from the Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh based on Harold Bloom’s viewpoint
  vaahid mobarak
  Abstract Among Shahnameh followers, Garshasbnameh composed by Asadi Tusi has an important standpoint.  By going to Azarbayjan and staying in its favorable grounds Tusi aspired to complete the Shahnameh and like Nezami he embarked on composing parts of the national More

  Abstract Among Shahnameh followers, Garshasbnameh composed by Asadi Tusi has an important standpoint.  By going to Azarbayjan and staying in its favorable grounds Tusi aspired to complete the Shahnameh and like Nezami he embarked on composing parts of the national narratives in Shahnameh not previously composed. Completing the work of predecessors are often accompanied by the anxiety of influence and imitation, and the poets attempt to relieve themselves from the shadow of their precursors.  The purpose of this article is to determine the attempts made by Asadi Tusi to exit from the arena of influence posed by form, language and thoughts in Shahnameh as the model according to Harold Bloom’s argument.  The results show that due to the anxiety of influence experienced by Tusi he wanted to overcome this anxiety by being different from Shahnameh, and escape from its circle of influence.  By introducing Brahman in place of Mobad or priest and including ideological questions posed by Garshasb regarding the creation of life and man, and also by turning to verbosity, and beautiful solid descriptions,  governing new perspective and philosophy different from the ancient Persian thought regarding the main issue of justice in government and justice of kings, also selecting theatrical functions such as egotism, prowess in battle, and placing scenes and numerous sea battle episodes, repetitive dragon killing spectacles, and most important of all, attributing abilities such as trial of the preeminent hero to Zahhak and setting the story in Zahhak’s era  under the surveillance of a dragon who feeds on humans, and a father killer render this work different from Shahnameh.  However various signs of dependence, manifested in the repetition of the hemistiches and verses attest to the influence of Shahnameh over Garshasbnameh.  Asadi in dialectic of “dependence on swerving from the poetic language of his precursor had been dependent on Shahnameh and at the same time departed from it. Manuscript profile
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  11 - Tax system and loan policies in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
  Somayeh Ershadi
  In Shahnameh tax is regarded as one of the most important income sources and is an essential index to provide military budgets, army and other governmental expenses.   Also it guarantees the viability and security of the economic and political system in the co More

  In Shahnameh tax is regarded as one of the most important income sources and is an essential index to provide military budgets, army and other governmental expenses.   Also it guarantees the viability and security of the economic and political system in the country.  The best motivation for tax payments in Shahnameh is its concentration on receiving fair systematic taxes from the people, therefore significant part of preventive measures taken by the kings, as well as laws and policies were all related to tax structures and their attempt either to reduce or eliminate obstacles and challenges facing tax payment such as injustice done upon receiving tax.  Nevertheless tax system framework in Shahnameh alongside loan policies which bring economic stability, financial and monetary turnover, and fair income distribution, gain utmost importance.  Apart from taking a glance at tax policies and presenting loan examples in Shahnameh this article is also concerned with the study of juridical, legal, and criminal aspects in connection with tax payments to prove the importance of Shahnameh’s report concerning economics and tax laws in the Sassanid period and the time before it.  The results obtained determine that apart from tax exemptions and reliefs assigned by Eskandar, Ardeshir, Bahram Gur, and Yazdgerd appointing judicial inspectors to inquire about the circumstances under which poverty stricken people lived and to exempt them from paying taxes as was the case under the reign of Ardeshir; giving out loans in Bahram Gur’s time were steps taken before the time of Qobad.  Fundamental tax and economic reform done by Anoshirvan who followed the example of his father was not only the attempt  to devise a tax system via calculating the area of the properties, determine regular time intervals for tax payments, provide exact indexes for tax rates, tax exemptions,  pay taxes in installments,  allow time for unpaid taxes, hire secret service agents, allow personal supervision, establish governmental offices, and formulate exact legal instructions, and also to consider stiff penalties for tax evaders,  but also they were all measures taken to realize justice in terms of tax payments since clear tax laws enforced by the government would be beneficial to citizens, the king and the country alike. Manuscript profile
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  12 - Comparison and analysis of women’s language in eight tales taken from Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh and Moulana’s Masnavi
  leila mirzaii Abdolhosein Farzad Amirhosein Mahoozi
  Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh and Moulana’s Masnavi are among the most influential works in Persian literature. Having narrative structure they could well be compared with one another.  Bakhtin, Russian theorist introduces the concept of multilingualism in the d More

  Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh and Moulana’s Masnavi are among the most influential works in Persian literature. Having narrative structure they could well be compared with one another.  Bakhtin, Russian theorist introduces the concept of multilingualism in the domain of narrative as a substructure of polyphony, however does not include epic and poetic meter in this category.  The main question of this research is that if there were linguistic layers in these two versified narrative works, to what extent each employed polyphony and what had been the impact of this feature on the two works.  The study of women’s language in the above tales seen from the perspective of polyphony show that although some of Bakhtin’s linguistic genres are found in women’s certain language, however women in Shahnameh share this characteristic far more than their Masnavi counterparts, and therefore Ferdowsi had surpassed Moulana in employing polyphony for characterization of women in the tales.  Moreover, this study further differentiates between the outlook of these two great poets regarding women and the origin of the tales.  In Shahnameh women are dialogue orientated whereas in Masnavi they mostly remain silent. Manuscript profile