List of Articles Environmental Challenges

• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  1 - Environmental Challenges of Waste in International Law
  زینب پورخاقان شاهرضایی Zahra sadat Hosseini
  Today, environmental risks caused by the mismanagement of waste are recognized as a fundamental issue worldwide. With the rapid advancement of technology, waste and its management have emerged as crucial topics in the field of international environmental laws. These law More

  Today, environmental risks caused by the mismanagement of waste are recognized as a fundamental issue worldwide. With the rapid advancement of technology, waste and its management have emerged as crucial topics in the field of international environmental laws. These laws go beyond the protection of nature and the environment; rather, they constitute a comprehensive framework of norms, institutions, and methods specifically crafted for waste management, taking into account diverse global dimensions. This study uses an analytical-descriptive method to explore the environmental challenges associated with waste in international law. The research methodology is library-based, relying on the review of existing studies, international laws, and regulations about waste. The research findings emphasize that pollution resulting from waste is a primary global concern, leading to the approval of numerous international documents addressing environmental challenges posed by waste at both domestic and international levels. These documents establish environmental responsibilities for governments. Additionally, the advancement of technology and increase in the production of electronic wastes have introduced new challenges in environmental protection for countries, with recycling standing out as a crucial factor in waste management. The issue of waste is not limited to the internal laws and policies of individual countries; it necessitates global cooperation. It is recommended that relevant organizations take proactive measures to establish a unified procedure in waste management, backed by robust executive guarantees. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  2 - Elevated Highways in Residential Layouts: The Imposed Negative Impacts (Case Study: Sadr Elevated Highway)
  Marjan Khaleghi Jahanshah Pakzad
  Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  3 - Settlement of environmental disputes from the world trade with the context of WTO settlement mechanism
  Farhad Dabiri Ali Zare Mostafa Panahi Milad Malakpour
  Environmental dispute among nations and beneficiaries or even the procedural organizationsstill subsist, beside environmental dispute due to world trade in form of the dispute settlement systemof World Trade Organization treated as an effective source of international i More

  Environmental dispute among nations and beneficiaries or even the procedural organizationsstill subsist, beside environmental dispute due to world trade in form of the dispute settlement systemof World Trade Organization treated as an effective source of international instability and a threat topeace and international security. Concerning the importance of environmental issues and the fact thatthe system and the nature of environmental rights are based on precautionary and preventive bases, notthe redress methods as a subject of public international rights which has not much efficiency ininternational environmental rights; hence the competence and qualification of WTO’s DisputeSettlement System on encountering the environmental issues should be evaluated. In this research theimpact of international conflicts including the environmental issues and their impact on environmentalinternational rights development and the role of the environmental dispute settlement committees inWTO will be studied by the help of reviewing the library sources and in-house and externalprofessional essays. Moreover the efficiency of WTO’s Dispute Settlement System facing suchargument and its impact on environmental issues and rectification of the environmental loss will bestudy as well as the effect of advisory opinion of Trade and Environmental Committee, Unesco‘s planon jury’s or appellate decisions of WTO’s Dispute Settlement System via balancing resources furtherto comparing the out coming results with the desired criterion. End result of this study indicates whatapproaches and method are engaged in WTO’s Dispute Settlement System for argument resolutionand define the schedule and costs for resolving the environmental disputes, definitive sentences andadministrative mechanism of WTO’s Dispute Settlement System. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  4 - Overview of the management problems in the villages of Iran, by adopting environmental approach
  latif Mohammadzadeh Bahman Khosropour
    Nowadays, the management of the natural environment, especially in the rural areas of crucial importance. On the other hand, according to the global movement in the direction of the appropriate interaction with the environment and preserve it for future generati More

    Nowadays, the management of the natural environment, especially in the rural areas of crucial importance. On the other hand, according to the global movement in the direction of the appropriate interaction with the environment and preserve it for future generations, as well as a new method in the management of natural resources, its positive effects can be observed. It increases the need for research in the rural environment. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is the study of environmental problems in the villages of the country and finding the solution to fix these problems. The present study was conducted using library match and using several sources, including various internal and external site for analyzing the content. The results obtained show problems such as increasing population and its focus on specific segments of the environment, which is a direct works on the quality of the environment in rural areas. In this case that population growth, poverty and the erosion of the environment in the growing countries has created a bad round that focuses on the lives of people and severely affect the development efforts of developing countries to achieve sustainable development, out of question. Therefore, could the culture, training and participation of people in different programs using a comprehensive management system, and finally the use of indigenous knowledge to your people in the region, the results are worthwhile. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  5 - Analysis of the Zanjan citizens' awareness of environmental challenges and strategies for institutionalization of environmental correct behaviors
  Parisa Najafloo Jafar Yaghoubi
  The purpose of this study was analyzing citizen's awareness of environmental challenges and strategies for institutionalization of environmental correct behaviors in Zanjan city.The population of this descriptive – correlation studyconsists of experts who work in More

  The purpose of this study was analyzing citizen's awareness of environmental challenges and strategies for institutionalization of environmental correct behaviors in Zanjan city.The population of this descriptive – correlation studyconsists of experts who work in the Departments of Environment and Natural Resources in Zanjan (N= 130). The volume of sample size was estimated using Cochran's formula (n=60). Samples were selected using stratified random sampling method. The questionnaire used for collecting data. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by the comments of academic members. The reliability was determined by pilot test and calculating Cronbach alpha coefficient (0.78-0.81). Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20 software. The descriptive results of the study showed that the most citizens' awareness of environmental challenges are: Air pollution, pollution from the use of old cars and containers cannot be recycled. Lowest citizens' awareness of environmental challenges are: The importance of protecting the ozone layer, the reduction of groundwater and soil erosion and its influence. Also the overall awareness of citizens in the near-low and 51.7 percent of respondents stated that citizens' awareness of the environmental challenges is too weak. Using exploratory factor analysis strategies for institutionalization of environmental true behaviors were summarized into seven factors including: education in all of parts of society, organizational development and improvement of policy, empowering employees the relevant organizations, motivation, new strategies, culture and contributions related institutions. These factors explained 74.14% of strategies for institutionalization of environmental correct behavior.   Manuscript profile