E62

Open Access Article

1 - Green tax effect on unemployment (Case Study of the Economic Cooperation Organization member states)
نارسیس امین رشتی ابراهیم صیامی عراقی

Green taxation in the new concept tax is considered as an effective and applicative base which prevents pollution. This kind of tax that is based on cost decreases in the rate of pollution and increases efficiency in the economy. In these circumstances , the government More

Green taxation in the new concept tax is considered as an effective and applicative base which prevents pollution. This kind of tax that is based on cost decreases in the rate of pollution and increases efficiency in the economy. In these circumstances , the government is going to obtain a new source of tax revenue that , considering a neutral situation in the received tax revenues , can decrease taxes the corporate tax and wage and salary tax . The imposition of the latter two taxes misallocate resources. However, this type of taxation has been able to improve successfully the quality of the living environment ; but that whether it can be substituted for other taxes is a hypothesizes for inquiry which should be examined as a double benefit one . In this study the above hypothesis has been tested by time series – cross section data for some of OECD countries which use green tax explicitly , using the two models mentioned . The results indicate that in the first model the diffusion of greenhouse gas affects the green tax in the second model in which the green tax is considered to be autonomous , it can be effective unemployment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Explaining the Nonlinear Effects of Government Fiscal Policy Instruments on Iran's Economic Growth in Times of Recession and Recession
shadi zandavar fatemeh zandi mohammad khezri mahnaz rabiei

هدف این مقاله بررسی اثرگذاری سیاست مالی دولت بر رشد اقتصادی ایران طی دوره زمانی 1384:1-1397:1 با تواتر فصلی با استفاده از مدل مارکوف سوییچینگ است. نتایج حاصل از نسبت راست ‌نمایی نشان داد سیاست مالی در ایران از نظام چرخشی مارکف تبعیت می‌کند. نتایج برای برخی از انواع مالی More

هدف این مقاله بررسی اثرگذاری سیاست مالی دولت بر رشد اقتصادی ایران طی دوره زمانی 1384:1-1397:1 با تواتر فصلی با استفاده از مدل مارکوف سوییچینگ است. نتایج حاصل از نسبت راست ‌نمایی نشان داد سیاست مالی در ایران از نظام چرخشی مارکف تبعیت می‌کند. نتایج برای برخی از انواع مالیات‌ها حاکی از متفاوت بودن تاثیرگذاری در حالت وجود نفت بوده است. در واقع خود نشان از اهمیت بررسی تاثیر مالیات‌ها به تفکیک بر رشد اقتصادی می-باشد. چنانچه دولت قصد اجرای سیاست مالی انبساطی از نوع افزایش مخارج را داشته باشد، بهتر است در رژیم رکودی این عمل صورت پذیرد زیرا تاثیر معناداری در این شرایط بر رشد اقتصادی ندارد. اما چنانچه سیاست مالی انبساطی از نوع کاهش مالیات‌ها مدنظر باشد بایستی بسته به نوع مالیات، بسته به سطح درآمدهای نفتی و همچنین رژیم حاکم بر رشد اقتصادی این مهم صورت پذیرد.طبقه‌بندی .G10, E62, C13:JEL واژگان کلیدی: اثرات غیرخطی، ابزارهای سیاست مالی، رشد اقتصادی ایران. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The Effect of Fiscal Policy on Unemployment and Inflation in Provinces of Iran: A GVAR Approach
Nasrin Ebrahimi Mehdi Pedram Mir Hussein Mousavi

10.30495/eco.2021.1892800.2314

Abstract Since Iran is a regionally dispersed country, this motivates us to analyze whether or not a national fiscal policy has different effects on its provinces’ unemployment and inflation rates using a GVAR approach during 2005:q1-2016:q1 period. The results in More

Abstract Since Iran is a regionally dispersed country, this motivates us to analyze whether or not a national fiscal policy has different effects on its provinces’ unemployment and inflation rates using a GVAR approach during 2005:q1-2016:q1 period. The results indicate that one positive standard error as national fiscal shock can significantly reduce unemployment in some provinces. These responses are similar in terms of timing but their amount is different. Also, this positive shock has a negative effect on inflation in some provinces. All responses are approximately similar in terms of timing. In Spite of this similarity, shock responses vary in terms of amount. According to the results in the framework of the models designed in this study, it is proposed that policymakers include the decentralization in the budget planning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Relationship between Public and Private Investment in Iran (Analyzing the Crowding-Out or Crowding-In Effects)
Esmaeel Safarzadeh

10.30495/eco.2021.1934015.2541

The main objective of this paper is to analyze empirically the effects of public investment on private investment, evaluating the existence of crowding-out/-in effects, in Iran for the 1970-2019 periods. I evaluate the macroeconomic effects of public and private investm More

The main objective of this paper is to analyze empirically the effects of public investment on private investment, evaluating the existence of crowding-out/-in effects, in Iran for the 1970-2019 periods. I evaluate the macroeconomic effects of public and private investment through VECM analysis. From impulse response functions, we are able to assess the extent of crowding-in or crowding-out of both components of investment. I also compute the associated macroeconomic rates of return of public and private investment for Iran Economy. The results point to the existence of positive effects of public and private investment on output. On the other hand, results show the crowding-in effects of public investment on private investment. Based on these results, it is suggested that the government provide the conditions for private investment by creating infrastructure, helping to finance investment projects and creating a secure economic environment. I also compute the associated macroeconomic rates of return of public and private investment for Iran Economy. The results point to the existence of positive effects of public and private investment on output. On the other hand, results show the crowding-in effects of public investment on private investment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - An analysis of the automatic stabilization of direct and indirect taxes in Iran
mohammad taghi gilak hakim abadi Ali Mehregan

10.30495/eco.2022.1939212.2563

In this paper the effect of direct and indirect taxes on the fluctuations of Iran's economic cycles has been studied. To estimate the models of this research, Vector Auto Regression method by quarterly data from q1-1372 to q3-1397. The results of this study are that, un More

In this paper the effect of direct and indirect taxes on the fluctuations of Iran's economic cycles has been studied. To estimate the models of this research, Vector Auto Regression method by quarterly data from q1-1372 to q3-1397. The results of this study are that, unlike empirical, direct taxes have not had a significant effect on reducing fluctuations in economic cycles. Also, the effect of indirect taxes on economic cycles is faster than direct taxes. Based on the results, it is suggested to use more of the country's tax capacity to better perform the government's stabilizing task in the economy, especially the reform of tax bases. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Impact of Current Budget Instability and Debt Accumulation on Iran's Economic Growth
mohadeseh moghadasi alireza Pourfaraj Ahmad Jafari Samimi mohammad Ali falahi

10.30495/eco.2023.1968528.2697

     This study investigate the Impact of Current Budget Instability and Debt Accumulation on Iran's economic growth using seasonal data during the period 1369:1 to 1397:4 (based on the latest seasonal data published in 1401). Structural Vector Auto More

     This study investigate the Impact of Current Budget Instability and Debt Accumulation on Iran's economic growth using seasonal data during the period 1369:1 to 1397:4 (based on the latest seasonal data published in 1401). Structural Vector Auto Regressive (SVAR) model has been used for this purpose. The results of the impulse response functions show that the instability of the current budget has led to the instability of other research variables along with increasing debt accumulation and decreasing economic growth. According to the results, the debt accumulation variable has a positive effect in the short term and a negative effect in the long term on private sector investment, as well as a significant negative effect on economic growth. The more the current size of the government is reformed, optimized and balanced, the current budget deficit and its financing will be reduced, the design of a favorable policy in this field will be able to eliminate many of the negative effects of the government sector on the national economy. Based on the results, it is suggested that sustainable incomes should be increased in order to improve the operating balance by maintaining tax justice, and the government's current spending policies should be adjusted by maintaining real purchasing power in a way that does not create negative welfare effects. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Analyzing the Effects of Fiscal Decentralization and its Environmental Consequences in Iran Provinces
Azad Khanzadi maryam heidarian Sara Moradi

Abstract This study analyzes fiscal decentralization policies and its environmental consequences, during the period 2005-2015. The results of GMM estimation show that revenue decentralization has negative and significant relationship with pollution. Also other variables More

Abstract This study analyzes fiscal decentralization policies and its environmental consequences, during the period 2005-2015. The results of GMM estimation show that revenue decentralization has negative and significant relationship with pollution. Also other variables results indicate positive relationship between industrialization and energy productivity with pollution. By increasing the relative density of population, pollution is reduced. The results of Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis also indicate rejection of this hypothesis. In addition, presence of multiplication of the neighboring matrix in dependent variable causes an increase in pollution in the provincial level and this indicates the spatial environmental effects in the country's provinces. It is suggested that local governments determine their own financial resources, in this case it can be targeted and based on new revenue resources such as green economy, it can define businesses that which they reduce pollution.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Investigating the Effects of Governmental Expenditure Shock on Gross Domestic Product Growth in Iran: ARDL Approach
jafar haghighat nazila moharam joudi

The aim of this paper is investigating the effects of governmental expenditure shock on GDP in Iran’s economy.  In order to achieve this aim, at first, the model of effective factors on governmental expenditure has been explained, and governmental expenditure More

The aim of this paper is investigating the effects of governmental expenditure shock on GDP in Iran’s economy.  In order to achieve this aim, at first, the model of effective factors on governmental expenditure has been explained, and governmental expenditure shock is captured by the model residuals. Then the model of effective factors on GDP is estimated from 1971 to 2014. In estimating the models, autoregressive distributed Lag (ARDL) approach has been used. According to the results, the effect of governmental current expenditure on GDP is not significant. But lagged government expenditure shock has a positive and significant impact on GDP.  Error correction term is negative and significant, and indicates that when a shock occurs, 12 percent of short term imbalance is adjusted each period, to reach the long term equilibrium. It is purposed to government not to increase own expenditure, since this can cause an inverse relationship between government expenditure and GDP and it reduces economic growth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Effects of Financial Integration on Total Factor Productivity In the Iranian Economy; Evidence for Vector Autoregressive Distributed Lag
masoud taherinia Ali Hassanvand Morteza Habibizadeh

10.30495/fed.2023.698839

AbstractFinancial integration through increasing the level of investment in countries can have many positive effects on macroeconomic variables such as employment, economic growth, increasing the volume of international trade and ultimately the productivity of countries More

AbstractFinancial integration through increasing the level of investment in countries can have many positive effects on macroeconomic variables such as employment, economic growth, increasing the volume of international trade and ultimately the productivity of countries. This study examines whether fiscal integration in Iran can affect overall productivity growth and whether integration policies and subsequent fiscal integration can be among the policies that are needed. Should these countries adopt for their economic integration process? This study investigates the role and effects of financial integration on the productivity of total factors of production through the vector Autoregressive Distributed Lag during the period 1379-1398 for the Iranian economy. The results of estimating the model in the short and long term indicate a positive and significant relationship between financial integration and productivity during the selected time period. Also, variables such as trade openness and domestic investment have a positive relationship with productivity, but the inflation rate has had a negative impact on overall productivity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - نقش صندوق توسعه ملی در کاهش نوسانات اقتصادی ایران رویکرد (DSGE)
سید مجتبی حسین زاده یوسف‌آباد محسن مهرآرا حسین توکلیان

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11 - برآورد ضریب فزاینده مالی در ایران با تاکید بر نحوه خرج کرد درآمدهای نفتی
مریم مهدی زاده یگانه موسوی جهرمی الهام غلامی احمد سرلک

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Open Access Article

12 - Government Spending and the Transmission Channels of Their Effects on Macroeconomic Variables: A DSGE Approach
انوشیروان تقی پور هما اصفهانیان

Abstract In the literature, it is emphasized on the role of government spending in business cycle of economic activities, especially in the developing countries where public investment alongside with other government tools uses for economic growth stimulation. However, More

Abstract In the literature, it is emphasized on the role of government spending in business cycle of economic activities, especially in the developing countries where public investment alongside with other government tools uses for economic growth stimulation. However, the effect of government spending depends on how the spending is financed. Oil in the Iranian economy plays a significant role, so that more than 45% of the budget is directly financed by oil revenue. Therefore, oil plays a major role in macroeconomic variables fluctuations. The aim of this paper is that while explaining the business cycle behavior of the oil income, its relation with some relevant macroeconomic variables including government expenditures, investment, growth, inflation and money is examined as well. To end this, we use a new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model to explain the transmission channels of oil revenues effect on macroeconomic variables through the government budget, public capital stock and monetary base channels. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - بررسی پایداری مالی و شوک‌های مالی گذرا در اقتصاد ایران
علی فلاحتی شهرام فتاحی علی حیدری دیزگرانی نعیم شکری

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Open Access Article

14 - Investigating factors affecting the optimal growth of government spending in the economy Using the optimal control method
Mohsen Zayandeh Roudi Syed Abdul Majeed Jalai Isfandabadi Mehdi Fatemi

10.30495/fed.2023.702188

Abstract Determining the size of the government and its effect on the economy is one of the important issues in the field of public sector economics. This research seeks to determine the factors affecting the optimal growth rate of government expenditures. The increase More

Abstract Determining the size of the government and its effect on the economy is one of the important issues in the field of public sector economics. This research seeks to determine the factors affecting the optimal growth rate of government expenditures. The increase in government spending has an effect on economic variables and can lead to an increase in the production and supply of public goods and services and affects the well-being of households as well as the desirability of households. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the optimal growth of government spending in Iran's economy. The information used is for the period 1360 to 1397. In this study, the dynamic optimal control approach has been used to investigate the factors affecting the growth of government expenditures. The results of the study show that the time preference rate, the coefficient of technical progress, the elasticity of production in relation to the investment of the private and public sectors, the consumption ratio of the sector Private to public, capital stock has had a negative and inverse effect on the optimal growth of government spending in the economy. On the other hand, the ratio of public sector investment to private sector, the elasticity of substitution between time and capital depreciation rate have had a positive effect on the optimal growth rate of government spending in Iran's economy. Also, the sensitivity of the growth rate of government expenditures was estimated for different values of the mentioned variables. The calculation results show that depending on the parameters, the ratio of government expenditures to the previous period varies between 0.91 and 1.024 percent. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - اوراق بدهی، ابزاری برای تامین مالی پروژه‌های صنعت نفت (با تاکید بر اسناد خزانه اسلامی)
سید محمدرضا احمدی محمد حسین مهدوی عادلی محمد طاهر احمدی شاد مهری

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16 - The Impact of Liquidity and Political Risks on the Fall in Stock Prices of Banks Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
سمیه ایمانی سینا خردیار کیهان آزادی

10.30495/fed.2021.687881

This research examines the effect of liquidity and political risks on the risk of falling stock prices of banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2009-2010. To measure the risk of falling stock prices of the company, the negative coefficient of daily More

This research examines the effect of liquidity and political risks on the risk of falling stock prices of banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2009-2010. To measure the risk of falling stock prices of the company, the negative coefficient of daily return was applied, and to measure political risk apply the International Risk Guidance Index (ICRG) and liquidity risk is measuring by, the net debt ratio of the central bank to total assets. The type of this research is categorize as the applied researches and the method is correlation and hypothesis testing. The research was conducted in the framework of inductive reasoning and panel analysis and multivariate regression model in Eviews software environment has been used to analyze the hypotheses. The findings of the present study showed that liquidity and political risks have a positive and significant effect on the risk of falling stock prices of banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile

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