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Open Access Article
1 - Biogas Technology, Applications, Perspectives and Implications
Sh. Shokri -
Open Access Article
2 - Biogas Production from Sugar Beet Wastes in an Overload Bioreactor with pH Adjustment
Misagh Keramati Hossein BeikiBackground and Objective: Considering the importance of environmental protection and necessity of using new energy sources and innovative fuels, in this study, biogas production from sugar beet wastes using a batch lab-scale bioreactor was investigated experimentally. MoreBackground and Objective: Considering the importance of environmental protection and necessity of using new energy sources and innovative fuels, in this study, biogas production from sugar beet wastes using a batch lab-scale bioreactor was investigated experimentally. Method: All experiments were done at constant temperature of 37±1 oC with using water bath. Four reactors with the same feed concentration and condition put in a circulated water bath. pH was adjusted in the reactors for the first 4 days on 7, 8 and 9. Substrate to inoculum (S/I) ratio in the reactors was constant and equal to 6:1. Finding: In the over load mono-digester system with high S/I ratio, due to the sharp drop in pH, biogas couldn’t be produced. By adjusting the pH, even for such a system, biogas production can be achieved, although the efficiency of the process is low. Discussion and Conclusion: The results revealed that, whilst biogas was not produced in the reactor with high S/I ratio, pH adjustment made it possible to generate biogas. Mole fraction of methane in biogas produced in the reactors with pH adjustment were 35-50%. Biogas production occurred with long time delay, so that after 14 days, very little or no biogas was produced. Maximum volume of biogas was produced in reactor with pH=8. Whilst in the reactor with pH=9, biogas produced with high methane purity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigating the most appropriate treatments for ultrasonic duration, temperature and water ratio to the contents of livestock rumen in biogas production (Case study: Khorramabad city slaughterhouse)
Ali Kooshki morteza almassi Mohammad Ghahderijani Hamidreza ShamlouiBackground and Objective: Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse solid wastes, such as rumen contents, is an appropriate treatment option for managing such residues, because of their significant role in reducing the environmental impacts as well as the potential for biog MoreBackground and Objective: Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse solid wastes, such as rumen contents, is an appropriate treatment option for managing such residues, because of their significant role in reducing the environmental impacts as well as the potential for biogas production. The objective of this study was determining the appropriate temperature, time and ratio of water to livestock rumen content on the total biogas production.Material and Methodology: This study was conducted at the Khorramabad Industrial Slaughterhouse. After slaughtering livestock the contents of the rumen of five cows and five sheep were mixed together to homogenize and in separate experiments to examine the impact of severity different temperatures (30, 40 and 50° C), different times of Ultrasonic device waving (10, 20 and 30 minutes) and different ratios of mixing contents of rumen and water (50 ml of water to 100 g of rumen contents, 100 ml of water to 100 g of rumen contents and 200 ml of water to 100 g of rumen contents) in process of biogas production was discussed.Findings: In general, the largest amount of total biogas, related to the triple opposite effect of using 30 minutes of ultrasonic pretreatment (t3) * C50 ° (te3) * Combination ratio of visceral contents (r3) with production amount of 350/333 ml which is considered the best results.Discussion and Conclusion: the finding indicated that the total biogas production from rumen content in the process of anaerobic digestion are more effected by the treatment under the conditions of a longer ultrasonic pretreatment, higher temperature and lower concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Laboratory Investigation of Cow Manure and Digested Synergistic with Municipal Organic Solid Waste in Anaerobic Digestion Process for Efficiency Increasing
Leila yousefi Abbas BahriBackground and Objective: Increasing production rate, biogas volume and pressure, methane composition are increased efficiency. The effect of adding a mixture of cow manure (CM) and digested to municipal organic solid waste (MOSW) for increase productivity of process is MoreBackground and Objective: Increasing production rate, biogas volume and pressure, methane composition are increased efficiency. The effect of adding a mixture of cow manure (CM) and digested to municipal organic solid waste (MOSW) for increase productivity of process is considered.Method: Through three steps single MOSW, CM and digested mixing were treated by laboratory setup. Digested and CM mixing effect with MOSW were studied and evaluated by investigating of physical-chemistry properties, feed and digested elemental analysis, and also biogas pressure and volume measuring, AD time and biogas analysis. Findings: Adding mixture of digested and CM with MOSW increases feed dry part and its carbon and nitrogen content. Transformation rate in MOSW co-digestion with digested and CM mixture (3rd step) compare to co-digestion of MOSW with digested (2rd step) and also conversion percent of mentioned quantities derived from 2rd step compare to single digestion of MOSW (1rd step) are increased. Biogas volume and pressure in base on feed mass unit and also biogas relative component, in 3rd step compare to 2rd and also in 2rd step compare to 1rd are increased.Discussion and Conclusion: Digested and CM mixing with MOSW not only contributes in increasing the organic part of the feed, but also collaborates in inoculation in process and increases the methane generation. Biogas volume and pressure and also methane production efficiency are increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigation and evaluation of methane production using standard mathematical models by municipal solid waste
Seyed Ali Asghar Shariat Hosseini Kazem Bashirnezhad Peyman Bashi ShahabiBackground and Objective: Due to the increasing use of biomass technologies, especially methane gas produced from the decomposition of organic matter in municipal solid waste and its use as a source of energy production, and the importance of methods used in estimating MoreBackground and Objective: Due to the increasing use of biomass technologies, especially methane gas produced from the decomposition of organic matter in municipal solid waste and its use as a source of energy production, and the importance of methods used in estimating methane gas and Energy production, a study based on the use of mathematical models to estimate the methane gas produced at the Mashhad landfill. Material and Methodology: This research was conducted in 1398 in Mashhad. The method used in this study is based on the use of IPCC mathematical models developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Findings: According to mass balance and stoichiometric calculations performed for two categories of fast biodegradable and slow biodegradable materials, about 53.89% of the total landfill gases are methane and 46.11% are carbon dioxide. According to the calculations, the potential for methane production capacity is 115.33 cubic meters of methane per megagram of waste and the methane production rate is 0.021 per year. The data were analyzed in Landgem software. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results obtained in 1414, the maximum volumetric flow of methane produced is 2.6×107 cubic meters per year. Also, the high and low thermal values of landfill gas are 21.484 and 19.361 megajoules per cubic meter, respectively. In case of direct use of landfill gas in power generators, in 1414, the highest net output power with high and low thermal value of landfill gas can be obtained 11503.633 kw and 10366.83 kw, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Effects of Retention Time and Substrate Type on Biogas and Alkalinity Productions from Anaerobic Digestion of Slaughterhouse Wastes
Amaneh Salimi Shahnaz Danesh Seyed Hadi EbrahimiBackground and Objective: Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse solid wastes, such as rumen contents, is an appropriate treatment option for managing such residues, because of their significant role in reducing the environmental impacts as well as the potential for biog MoreBackground and Objective: Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse solid wastes, such as rumen contents, is an appropriate treatment option for managing such residues, because of their significant role in reducing the environmental impacts as well as the potential for biogas production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of retention time and substrate type on the biogas and alkalinity productions during anaerobic digestion of rumen contents. Method: This study aimed to investigate the effects of retention time and substrate type on biogas and alkalinity productions of slaughterhouse wastes using one liter anaerobic digester with batch flow. Experiments were performed at temperature of 35°C and retention time of 30 days with three types of substrate: cattle rumen contents, sheep rumen contents and their mixture (mixing ratio 1:1) with total solids of 6.5, 9.1 and 8.0%, respectively. Results: Maximum alkalinity was found in the digester containing cattle rumen contents as it increased pH. Thus, the highest cumulative biogas and methane yields obtained for these digesters were 286.1 and 80.7 mL/g VSdegraded respectively. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that in the process of anaerobic digestion of rumen contents (regardless of substrate type and retention time), pH of the reactors can play a major role in biogas and methane productions. Thus, to prevent pH drop and to provide a suitable environment for the growth and activity of microorganisms, addition of an alkaline substance is required. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigating the Potential of Biogas and Energy Generation from Biomass Resources in Villages of Iran with Sustainable Development Approach
Maliheh Fallahnejad Tafti Mohammadali Abdoli Farshad Golbabaei KootenaeiAbstract Background and Objective: Energy crisis is the most important crisis threatening mankind. Recently, using biogas has been put under focus due to the problems caused by widespread dependence to oil and scarcity of energy resources. In addition, using biogas as a MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Energy crisis is the most important crisis threatening mankind. Recently, using biogas has been put under focus due to the problems caused by widespread dependence to oil and scarcity of energy resources. In addition, using biogas as a fuel supply can saliently reduce greenhouse gases and consequently reduce global warming. Also, other advantages of biogas generation from biomass resources are waste minimization and sanitary manure generation. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential of biogas and energy production from biomass resources in the villages of Iran with anapproach to supply energy at the consumption place and to reduce transportation costs. Method: In this study, potential of biogas production from cattle refuse is evaluated according to the numbers of cattle existing in Iran villages and determination of cattle refuse quantity. Results: Results show that 11.195 million m3 biogas can be produced from 63 million cattle in villages of Iran. The extractable biogas from rustic biodegradable wastes was also determined. It was found that, annually, 487 million m3 biogas can be produced from 1249000 tons of waste per. Conclusion: Generally, this study revealed that biogas and energy generation from biomass resources in villages of Iran with an approach to supply energy at the consumption place and to reduce transportation costs has economical efficiency and can be as a national strategy for achieving sustainable development Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Biogas Production from Chicken Waste and Sheep Manure in Laboratory Scale
Kobra Salehi Seyed Masoom Khazraee fatemeh sadat Hosseini Farnosh Khosravani Pour MostafazadehBackground and purpose: Biogas is a clean and renewable energy that can be a good alternative to the conventional sources of energy. The purpose of this study is to produce biogas from kitchen waste and sheep manure in laboratory scale. Methods: In this study, biogas pr MoreBackground and purpose: Biogas is a clean and renewable energy that can be a good alternative to the conventional sources of energy. The purpose of this study is to produce biogas from kitchen waste and sheep manure in laboratory scale. Methods: In this study, biogas production from kitchen waste was investigated. Anaerobic digestion experiments were performed using one-liter bottles as reactor at the room temperature. The effects of the waste weathering, sheep manure, concentration of solid waste, sheep manure percentage and the time of the preparation of bacterial environment in biogas production efficiency and methane percentage in biogas was investigated. Results: Experimental results showed that kitchen wastes which are not affected by aerobic fermentation can be fermented to methane gas in anaerobic digestion. Also, the addition of sheep manure as a supplier source of anaerobic bacteria increases significantly biogas production. In this case, the mean value of biogas produced was measured about 14/65 ml/(g of dry solid) and 16/25 ml/ (g of dry kitchen waste). In addition, it was concluded, if methanogen source is prepared during about 16-20 days, the biogas production process would be completed in about 24 hours and biogas consists mainly of methane. Discussion and conclusions: Final obtained results from anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste in the presence of methanogen showed that, if the concentration of methanogen bacteria is quite enough before adding to the waste and organic acids production from the first stage of digestion, produced acids are converted to biogas (methane) upon formation and produced gas is mainly methane. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Identifying and ranking factors influencing the sustainable development of environmental culture in sports
omid mohamadalikhan shahrzad khoramnejadianBackground & Objective: Production of clean energy and elimination of waste is one of the priorities of environmentally friendly societies. By producing biogas from manure, biological pollution in the environment can be reduced and energy can be produced. Phytoremed MoreBackground & Objective: Production of clean energy and elimination of waste is one of the priorities of environmentally friendly societies. By producing biogas from manure, biological pollution in the environment can be reduced and energy can be produced. Phytoremediation is one of the ways to remove soil pollutant. The purpose of this research is to investigate the production of biogas from camel dung and phytoremediation waste and also to identify the variables that improve biogas production using the fuzzy AHP method. Material and Methodology: The loading of camel dung in the digester has been done at different mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures (36-37 and 55). The waste from the lead phytoremediation was mixed with camel dung and was loaded in similar conditions. During 1 month of material loading, biogas production was measured. The results have been analyzed using SPSS software. Findings: The results showed that pH plays an important role in biogas production. The first load was low due to low input feed as well as failing to reach the desired digestion operation, resulting in very low digestive pH, which gradually increased as the number of gas production speeds and gas production increased. It was also found to decrease the amount of biogas production as the amount of refined plant was increased. The parameters were ranked using the fuzzy AHP method. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, camel dung has a good potential for biogas production. Nitrogen and phosphorus are more important in biogas production and the ratio of volatile solids has the lowest rank according to the fuzzy AHP method. Phytoremediation waste could be used in small amounts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Evaluating Different Aspects of Biogas Production in Anaerobic Digesters
mercede taheri nima karimi mostafa bigdeliThe key strategies to develop an alternative energy source instead of fossil fuels are outlined to compensate for current energy needs and to decrease environmental concerns such as high volume of waste pollution and global warming. So the economy and technologies large MoreThe key strategies to develop an alternative energy source instead of fossil fuels are outlined to compensate for current energy needs and to decrease environmental concerns such as high volume of waste pollution and global warming. So the economy and technologies largely depends on consistent renewable source with environmental criteria of biomass and actually biogas. Biogas technology is associated with certain limitations in addition to the many advantages. So that energy production is a difficult task without having stopping elements in which the alternative concepts is necessary to ensure sustainable development with accessible technologies. Further advances in technology led to renewed and deeper interest in biogas production, while it has great effects in reducing major economic problems in the world. The current review addresses the limiting factors and evaluation of recent technological advances associated with various aspects of biogas production such as the use of sustainable feedstocks, microbial and enzyme dynamics, optimization parameter and dissociation process to enhance this technology. Enzymatic bioassay and efficient microbial identification enables the energy of anaerobic digestion to be significantly enhanced. Therefore, optimization of different parameters to accelerate biogas production during anaerobic digestion has been preferred to pre- and post-anaerobic digestion. In spite of the development of multi-step digestion schemes in order to succeed in the separation process, further research is needed to achieve better system performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Evaluation of Biogas Potential from Rural Wastes (Case Study: Abyaneh Village)
Ali Daryabeigi zand Maryam Rabiee AbyanehBiogas is one of the renewable energy sources that is produced by the decomposition of organic materials as a result of the activity of anaerobic bacteria. Putrifiable materials in municipal and rural wastes are of biomass sources that can be used in biogas production. MoreBiogas is one of the renewable energy sources that is produced by the decomposition of organic materials as a result of the activity of anaerobic bacteria. Putrifiable materials in municipal and rural wastes are of biomass sources that can be used in biogas production. Establishment of biogas production units can be considered as an effective step to resolve waste management issues as well as emissions of environmental pollutants.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of biogas production from rural wastes in Abyaneh village to address waste management issues in the region. For this purpose after quantitative and qualitative study of waste production in Abyaneh village, applicable amount of waste that can be used in biogas plants was determined and the potential of biogas production from them was calculated. The amount of recoverable biogas from organic waste produced in Abyaneh village was determined to be 24407546.68 m2 per year. On average 15864905.34 m2 of methane per year can be generated, which is equivalent to 34268195.55 MJ of energy. Obtained results demonstrated that wastes generated in Abyaneh village can be considered a suitable source for biogas production based on its quantity and composition. It is suggested to establish biogas production plants in the region which can be used to reduce the volume of wastes, transportation and disposal costs and improve human health. Also the energy produced from it can be used for cooking, lighting, power generation and transportation fuel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - A Review of Various Suitable Methods of Dry Anaerobic Digestion for Agricultural Wastes Disposal in Iran
Laleh Ghafghazi Lobat TaghaviBackground and Objective: Dry anaerobic digestion is a cost-effective method to purify and recover agricultural waste. Agricultural production statistics (over 128 million tonnes in 2019-2020) and its consequent high waste production (38 million tonnes per year) indicat MoreBackground and Objective: Dry anaerobic digestion is a cost-effective method to purify and recover agricultural waste. Agricultural production statistics (over 128 million tonnes in 2019-2020) and its consequent high waste production (38 million tonnes per year) indicate the need for optimal disposal of this biomass. The purpose of article is identification and compare dry anaerobic digesters for optimal management of agricultural waste disposal in Iran. Material and Methodology: This article is the result of several internal and foreign online sources: Google Scholar, Science Direct, Research Gate, and publishers Elsevier, Springer, Frontiers, and Civilica with the keywords of agricultural waste, biogas, and dry anaerobic digestion. Findings: The results of the study show that good performance, low-cost energy, and maintenance are the benefits of mesophilic temperature conditions in dry anaerobic plants. Hydraulic retention times varied from 20 to 35 days, with mean total solids above 15% and mean methane percent at 55%. Batch digesters are a relatively simple and acceptable technology for disposal of agricultural waste but sustainability of biogas supply can be easier with continuous reactors, despite the high need for maintenance and management. Disscusion and Conclusion: This technology, for its efficiency and flexibility, is essential for the high utilization of agricultural waste, and sustainable development of biogas. Appropriate technology to increase biogas productivity is suggested, by considering geographical features, production tonnage, and characteristics of agricultural waste. The batch anaerobic process in provinces of Iran that have smaller-scale agricultural activities is more effective than continuous digestion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The effective factors on gas produced in landfill
Yaser Salar Faramarz moatar Mostafa KhezriNowadays, the population increase in line with the technology advances has improved life and thus has caused a rapid increase in consumption and eventually led to a huge increase of wastes. So that, the production of these materials has created a huge environmental disa MoreNowadays, the population increase in line with the technology advances has improved life and thus has caused a rapid increase in consumption and eventually led to a huge increase of wastes. So that, the production of these materials has created a huge environmental disaster in human societies in recent years which is considered as one of the major challenges facing humanity. In recent years, especial equipment is used to collect, manage and transfer gas in landfills. Collecting landfill gas (biogas) have different benefits in environmental fields, economic and , the most important, energy. The biogas produced by urban Landfill has a high proportion of volatile organic methane that damages the ozone layer. Landfill gases are produced through a collection of biochemical reactions on biodegradable organic matter present in the waste in anaerobic conditions. These gases include methane, carbon dioxide hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, volatile organic compounds and so on. Assessment and prediction of production rates and factors affecting gas emissions from landfill are critical for landfill designing and successful utilization of the gases as an energy source. Thus, the present paper has studied these matters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - مدل ریاضی هاضم بیهوازی برای پیش بینی نرخ تولید متان از فضولات گاو
م. کمالی نسب ع. وکیلی م. دانش مسگران ر. ولی زاده س.ر. نبویهاضم بی­هوازی ضایعات زیستی یکی از رایج­ترین راه­ها برای تولید بایوگاز غنی از متان می­باشد، که پتانسیل قابل­توجهی برای جایگزین شدن با سوخت­های فسیلی دارد که در کاربردهای متعددی از قبیل حمل و نقل، موتورهای احتراق داخلی، سیستم­های تولید همزمان ب Moreهاضم بی­هوازی ضایعات زیستی یکی از رایج­ترین راه­ها برای تولید بایوگاز غنی از متان می­باشد، که پتانسیل قابل­توجهی برای جایگزین شدن با سوخت­های فسیلی دارد که در کاربردهای متعددی از قبیل حمل و نقل، موتورهای احتراق داخلی، سیستم­های تولید همزمان برق و حرارت و بسیاری از سیستم­های دیگر، استفاده می­شوند. شرکت­های بسیاری در طراحی و ساخت سیستم­های بی­هوازی به فعالیت پرداخته­اند. روش­های تجربی برای بهبود امکانات هاضم بی­هوازی استفاده شده است، اما این امر نیازمند مطالعات زمانبر و ساخت سیستم­های نمونه گران قیمت می­باشد. از طرف دیگر، طراحی و بهینه­سازی فرآیندهای هضم بی­هوازی برای تولید بایوگاز می­تواند از طریق مدل­های ریاضی اعتبار سنجی شده توسعه یابد. در این مقاله یک مدل ریاضی پویا برای یک راکتور بی­هوازی که با کود گاو شیری تغذیه می­شود توسعه داده شده است. مدل بر مبنای توازن مواد بوده، و شامل چهار متغیر حالت به نام­های جامدات فرار زیست تخریب پذیر، میکروب­های تولید­کننده اسید، میکروب­های تولیدکننده متان و اسیدهای چرب فرار می­باشند. مدل مقدار گاز متان تولید شده در راکتور را پیش­بینی می­کند. در پایان این مطالعه یک تحلیل حساسیت انجام شده است تا نشان دهد که چگونه مقدار گاز تولید شده، حداکثر سرعت واکنش میکروب­های تولید­کننده اسید، حداکثر سرعت واکنش میکروب­های تولید­کننده متان، سرعت واکنش میکروب­های تولید­کننده اسید و سرعت واکنش میکروب­های تولید­کننده متان و همچنین زمان ماند مواد جامد، در اثر تغییر برخی از پارامترهای کلیدی مانند دما و حجم راکتور تغییر خواهند کرد. Manuscript profile
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