Banana

Open Access Article

1 - Extraction and characterization of tyrosinase from banana wasted
Ali reza farrokh reyhane sariri nikoo nasoohi

Tyrosinase-Michaelis Constants, Optimum Temperature and pH-assisted formation of brownish pigment spots on peel is one of the most important factors in making signs of aging. It also has a direct effect on reducing the quality of fruits and vegetables through producing More

Tyrosinase-Michaelis Constants, Optimum Temperature and pH-assisted formation of brownish pigment spots on peel is one of the most important factors in making signs of aging. It also has a direct effect on reducing the quality of fruits and vegetables through producing melanin. Tyrosinase is a metalloenzyme that is used in research works on foodstuffs, medicines and cosmetics. Edible mushrooms are currently the only source of tyrosinase for the industrial and research units using this enzyme. This study aims to evaluate tyrosinase from a banana peel as an alternative to tyrosinase from mushrooms in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and research industries. In practice, the enzyme extracted from banana peel was purified and some of its properties, including biological activity, pH and optimum temperature, were determined and compared with tyrosinase of other proteins. The results indicated that the tyrosinase enzyme of the banana peel has two isoforms with molecular weight more than the tyrosinase of mushrooms. On the other hand, the temperature and pH of the enzyme were 50 and 6.1˚ C, respectively. The Michaelis–Menten kinetics and the maximal rate of velocity (Vmax) were also estimated to be 263.3 mM (m/mol) and 0.00401 mmol/min, respectively. Key Words: Extraction, Banana Wastes, Tyrosinase, Manuscript profile

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2 - Study Kalamin D and Benzocaien on Tirosinas enzyme activity by Lineviverberg
Ali reza farrokh reyhane sariri Nikoo Nasoohi

Tyrosinase, the enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of melani pigments has a special place. It is a metaloenzyme containing copper ions that catalyses two distinct reactions in the pathway of melanin biosynthesis. The monophenolase activity leads to hydroxylation of phe More

Tyrosinase, the enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of melani pigments has a special place. It is a metaloenzyme containing copper ions that catalyses two distinct reactions in the pathway of melanin biosynthesis. The monophenolase activity leads to hydroxylation of phenylalanin and the oxidation of 3, 4 dihydroxy phenylalanin to O-dopaquinon is through its diphenolase activity. Inhibitors and activators of the enzyme has a wide variety of effects on human health as well as in industrial applications. Considering the importance of pigments in human skin and hair and the role of tyrosinase in the production of melanin pigments, in the present research three important skin medications were selected for their effect on tyrosinase activity. In practical section, the enzyme was first extracted from banana skin followed by its characterization. The kinetic parameters were then investigated in the presence and absence of benzocaein, zinc oxide and kojic acid and the Michaelis Menton as well as Linweaver Burk plots were obtained. The results indicated that tyrosinase extracted from banana skin is similar to mushroom tyrosinase and its optimum temperature is higher than known tyrosinases. Therefore, by bearing in mind its low priced source, it can be recommended as an alternative to the commercial enzyme from mushroom. The results also showed that all three medicines were un-competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase. They reduced the maximum rate, Vmax of enzymatic reaction with no effect on Km. The highest inhibitory activity was obtained for zinc oxide Keywords: Tyrosinase, banana wastes, benzocaein, kojic acid, zinc oxide Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Removal of Basic Blue 159 from Aqueous Solution Using Banana Peel as a Low-Cost Adsorbent
Maral Pishgar Mohammad Esmaeil Yazdanshenas Mohammad Hosein Ghorbani

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4 - THE EFFECT OF HYDROPHILIC EXTRACT OF MUSA SAPIENTUM ON ETHYLENE‌ GLYCOLl-INDUCED RENA STONE IN MALE WISTAR RATS
samira babai norozi Parastoo Rahimi mehdi rahnema

Inroduction & Objective:Prevention of kidney stone formation is one of the important issues in preventing kidney disease. Banana’s peel has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and tissue repairing properties, and due to its alkaline properties, it increases citrate More

Inroduction & Objective:Prevention of kidney stone formation is one of the important issues in preventing kidney disease. Banana’s peel has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and tissue repairing properties, and due to its alkaline properties, it increases citrate and decreases urinary calcium, urea and blood creatinine.Material and Method:In this study, 32 males of Wistar divided into 6 groups. Healthy control used only food and water, negative control group rats, used food, water, and 1% ethylene glycol solution. The control group 1, used food, water and solution of banana’s peel at concentrations of 100 mg / kg and 150 mg / kg orally. Experimental  1  used  food , water, and 100 kg concentration of banana's  skin extract solution  with 1% ethylene glycol .Experimental  2 rats, used  food , water,  solution of banana's peel extract at concentration of 150 mg / kg with 1% ethylene glycol solution. At the end   24 urine, blood kidneys of samples were collected. Kidney tissue was histological examined with hematoxylin-eosin for accumulation of calcium oxalate.Results: Significant differences were observed in creatinine and blood uric acid in the negative control group   compared to experimental 2.The highest urea levels in the blood were observed in the negative control Negative control had significant difference with experimental 1. Urea and urinary citrate in the negative control had significant difference compared to all groups. Urinary oxalate in the negative control  a statistically significant difference was observed compared to  healthy control .Also, the amount of crystals in  total renal tissue between experimental groups 1 and experimental group 2 with negative control group and other groups significant statistical differences were observed (P <0.05). Renal histological examinations showed improvement of renal tissue .Conclusion: The results show the effectiveness of banana peel extract on preventing kidney stones and improving tissue complications due to ethylene glycol consumption by inhibiting the formation of calcium oxalate due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of banana’s peel (Musa spaientum) on Rena Stone induced by Ethylene Glycol in Female Wistar rats
Parastoo Rahimi Nastaran Ghassempoor

Background and aim: Banana peel has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, healing and tissue repair properties, and due to its alkaline properties, it increases citrate and decreases urinary calcium, urea, and blood creatinine. Material and Methods: In this study, the effect More

Background and aim: Banana peel has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, healing and tissue repair properties, and due to its alkaline properties, it increases citrate and decreases urinary calcium, urea, and blood creatinine. Material and Methods: In this study, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of banana peel on kidney stone disease induced by ethylene glycol was tested in 42 female Wistar rats in 6 groups in 31 days. Healthy control used only food and water, negative control group rats, used food, water, and 1% ethylene glycol solution. The control group 1, used food, water and solution of banana’s peel at concentrations of 100 mg / kg and 150 mg / kg orally. Experimental 1 used food, water, and 100 kg concentration of banana's skin extract solution with 1% ethylene glycol .Experimental 2 rats, used food , water, solution of banana's peel extract at concentration of 150 mg / kg with 1% ethylene glycol solution.. At the end of, blood of samples were collected for biochemical analysis.Results: The results showed that creatinine, uric acid, and urea increased in the blood of the negative control group, and for creatinine and urea the difference between negative control and healthy control and experimental control 2 was significant. In the uric acid factor, despite the increase in the negative control, the differences are not significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results show the effectiveness of banana peel extract on kidney stones caused by ethylene glycol by inhibiting calcium oxalate formation pathways due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Identification of fungal pathogens on Banana (Musa acuminata) in Sistan & Bluchestan province
Majid Amani

In this study, identification of fungal pathogens of banana trees (Musaacuminate L.) in Sistan & Bluchestan province during 2005-2007 was studied. After observed of disease symptoms, infected tissues were collected and cultured. For isolation of fungi from diseased More

In this study, identification of fungal pathogens of banana trees (Musaacuminate L.) in Sistan & Bluchestan province during 2005-2007 was studied. After observed of disease symptoms, infected tissues were collected and cultured. For isolation of fungi from diseased samples, small pieces of leaf, corm, pseudostem and fruit were surface sterilized with 5% hypochlorite sodium and then were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium contaning lactic acid. The growing colonies of fungi were purified by single spore and hyphal tip methods. Based on the morphological characters and pathogenicity test the fungi were identified as Colletotrichum musae,Aspergillus carnenus, Acremonium sp., Fuasarium verticillioides, F. semitectum, F. subglutinans, F. sambucinum and Musicillium theobromae causing fruit disease while F. oxysporum, Cylidrocarpon sp. and Rhisoctonia solani causing corm and root disease whereas, Alternaria alternate, Drechslera gigantean and Fusarium proliferatum causing leaf disease.  This is the first report of occurrence of these fungi in banana trees in Sistan & Bluchestan province. Manuscript profile

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