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Open Access Article
1 - Tracking Dust Centers on the Common Border of Iran and Iraq in ten-year period of 2012-2022
AliAsghar Mirzaei Nowroozani Ali Nik ahd AliEisa AlshoveyliIntroduction: Particulate matter enters the atmosphere mainly from arid and semi-arid regions where annual precipitation is very low and a large amount of alluvial sediments have accumulated over long periods of time. In fact, deserts and dried up lakes that have turned MoreIntroduction: Particulate matter enters the atmosphere mainly from arid and semi-arid regions where annual precipitation is very low and a large amount of alluvial sediments have accumulated over long periods of time. In fact, deserts and dried up lakes that have turned into small deserts due to climate change can be considered dust production centers. Iraq is one of the countries that is often affected by dust storms. The purpose of this research is to track, zone and identify dust centers in the border provinces of Iraq and Iran in a ten-year period. Materials and Methods: In order to carry out this research, a 60 km wide area along the Iran-Iraq common border was selected from Maysan and Wasit provinces located in Iraq (about 300 km along the common border). After performing pre-processing on the images (atmospheric and radiometric corrections) using the relevant algorithms, high errors and then using the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) to classify the earth surface phenomena, separately based on the threshold values of these Indexes were categorized. Results and Discussion: Spatial distribution includes three classes a) water areas which are related to areas covered with water, rivers, marshes and wetlands b) bare soil which includes areas without vegetation such as stony areas, uncultivated agricultural lands Sand fields and sand fields and c) Vegetation which includes areas covered with forests, pastures and agricultural lands were categorized and finally the areas prone to dust generation were determined and their area was determined Conclusion: Be made In general, the results of this study with other similar studies in the countries of Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia show the effects of drought and the expansion of desert lands and the drying of wetlands, marshes and rivers and the loss of vegetation and the bareness of the land without any cover. It is pasture, forest and agriculture. Due to the large area of deserts, they can be considered the center of growth and zoning of dust storms, and to deal with dust storms, methods such as moistening the soil, biological and mechanical methods such as mulching are performed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Determining the Farmers Adaptation Intention towards Dust-Haze; Extended Model of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT)
Faranak Sahrayi Omid M. Ghoochani Asie Ghorbani Ahmad Rezvanfar Mansour GhanianThe purpose of this study was to investigate the farmers' adaptation intentions towards dust haze using the extended model of the "Protection Motivation Theory". This research was a descriptive study which was compiled using a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliabil MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the farmers' adaptation intentions towards dust haze using the extended model of the "Protection Motivation Theory". This research was a descriptive study which was compiled using a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by composite reliability and its validity confirmed in three ways of content, construct and discriminant. Data analyzed using SPSS V21 and Smart PLS software. According to the results, the subjective norms, disincentives, beliefs in climate change and maladaptation have positive and significant effects, as well as the adaptation assessment has a negative and significant effect on the farmers' adaptation intentions towards dust-haze. Results showed about 96% of the farmers’ adaptation intention towards dust-haze explained. The results showed that considering the slow effect nature of dust-haze, the estimated extended model in this study has an appropriate fit for assessing farmers' adaptation intention. In this context, due to the low visibility nature of the effects of climate change, adding tangible variables to farmers can increase model accuracy and it is recommended in future studies. According to the results, the farmer's fatalism leads to the denial of the dangers of the dust-haze. Lack of adequate financial resources is one of the main constraints on farmers' adaptation intention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Particles size distribution of Lake Urmia area soils erosion sampling by BSNE sampler
FATEMEH ZABIHI Mehrdad Esfandiari MOHAMMADREZA DALAIAN Abolfazl MoeiniRecently, the Lake Urmia has become one of the key dust sources in Iran due to a sharp drop in its water level. One of the essential information to decide how to deal with this problem is to know the distribution of the particles size carried at different heights above MoreRecently, the Lake Urmia has become one of the key dust sources in Iran due to a sharp drop in its water level. One of the essential information to decide how to deal with this problem is to know the distribution of the particles size carried at different heights above the soil surface. In order to trap the dust particles of the Lake Urmia area soils erosion, one of dust centers that was located in the southeastern of the Lake Urmia in 30 kilometers distance from the Tabriz-Azarshahr road was selected and the BSNE samplers (Big Spring Number Eight) were used. 14 pole, each of which had 4 samplers at 0.15, 0.5, 1 and 2 m heights above the soil surface were installed in a circle pattern. The samplers were evaluated in 12 interval periods (March 2016-February 2017) and the particle size distribution and the vertical profile of gathered particles were determined. Results showed that the amount of fine particles (0.15-0.053 mm) was greater than the coarse particles (1-0.25 mm). The highest amount of the fine particles was obtained at 100 and 200 cm and of the coarse particles was obtained at 15 cm height above the soil surface. When the height above the soil surface increased, the weight of gathered particles decreased. The power function was the best to explain changes between the weight of gathered particles and the height above the soil surface. There was a negative correlation between monthly rainfall and the weight of gathered particles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Atmospheric dust detection using WRF-Chem model and remote sensing data (Case study: West and southwest of Iran)
Morteza Miri Razieh Pilehvaran Mehran Zand Ali akbar NorooziAerosols play an important role in balancing Earth and atmosphere energy. In the last two decades, aerosols have been recognized as one of the key factors in the global climate change assessment. The purpose of this study, Determine the nature of atmospheric aerosols an MoreAerosols play an important role in balancing Earth and atmosphere energy. In the last two decades, aerosols have been recognized as one of the key factors in the global climate change assessment. The purpose of this study, Determine the nature of atmospheric aerosols and simulation of the concentration of these particles in order to detect the sources of their emissions to the west and southwest regions of Iran. In order to, two types of information, including horizontal visibility of data from meteorological stations and the optical depth (AOD) MODIS were used Two dust events July 5, 2009 and July 1, 2008.In order to determine the nature of atmospheric aerosols, in the software of the 〖ENVI〗^(@ ) 5.3 , the atmospheric aerosol particle size was calculated using the Deep Blue Aerosol Angstrom Exponent Land algorithm and mapped to the Arc GIS and Then they were analyzed. In order to detect the particle emission sources and Simulation of their concentration was performed using the WRF-Chem coupled numerical model, using the advanced MADE-SORGAM scheme. The results of the remote sensing method showed that the aerosol particles in the western and southwestern regions of Iran have a dusty nature. According to the output of the WRF-Chem numerical model in the both of the dust events, the northwestern regions of Iraq and its center were identified as the main sources of dust emissions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Monitoring and Forecasting of Effective Climatic Factors on the Mobility of Sand Dunes in Semnan province
Ebrahim Yousefi Mobarhan Mansor Ghodrati Mohammad KhosroshahiWind erosion and the movement of quicksands are considered as one of the important processes of land degradation and a serious challenge in Iran. In this study, an attempt was made to estimate the frequency of dust days in synoptic stations of Semnan province by conside MoreWind erosion and the movement of quicksands are considered as one of the important processes of land degradation and a serious challenge in Iran. In this study, an attempt was made to estimate the frequency of dust days in synoptic stations of Semnan province by considering the weather conditions. Also, the activity of sand dunes based on Lancaster index was examined. The results of this study during the statistical period of 15 years (2003-2017) showed Damghan station with 10% of erosive winds and 1058 days with dust and Shahroud station with 1% of erosive winds and 58 days with dust and Dust has the highest and lowest percentages of winds with speeds higher than the wind erosion threshold, respectively. The results of Lancaster index showed that Damghan city with the highest index has the potential of "fully active" wind sediments and therefore the stabilization of sand dunes is essential to reduce the damage caused by the activity of sand dunes in this area. The results of predicting the effects of possible changes in climatic factors on the mobility of quicksand in the selected station of the province showed that the sensitivity of sand mobility to changes due to increase in rain more than wind speed and to changes in decrease due to rain less than wind speed and if the average wind speed decreases by 30% in the future or the amount of rainfall increases by 30%, the condition of the hills will change from fully active to active. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluating the Ecological Risk of Lead and Cadmium Contaminants in the Courtyard Dust of Schools in Selected Regions of Tehran
Zeinab Molaee Abbas Esmaili sariBackground and Objective: The phenomenon of air pollution in urban and industrial areas is one of the most important environmental problems that threaten human health. Among these pollutants, heavy metals contained in air dust can enter the human body directly through i MoreBackground and Objective: The phenomenon of air pollution in urban and industrial areas is one of the most important environmental problems that threaten human health. Among these pollutants, heavy metals contained in air dust can enter the human body directly through ingestion and breathing, or through ground falls to the surface of the earth, and after contamination of water resources and entering the structure of plants through Water and food enter the body. This study aimed to determine the concentration of lead and cadmium contaminants in the dust of the yard of selected schools in Tehran. Method: A total of 24 dust loss samples were collected from the courtyard of eight selected schools, due to the dispersion of these areas in Tehran during the fall. Then, the values of heavy metals of lead and cadmium were measured by a flame atomic absorption. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the concentrations of metals in different stations; also, the results showed that all stations studied were very high in terms of ecological risk index for living organisms. Discossion and Conclusion: In general, the results show that in areas with high traffic load and high traffic in Tehran, the highest pollution and high ecological risk were not available in other regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Evaluation of the role of drought in frequency of dust in Khorasan Razavi province
mehdi boroghani Hamidreza moradi Mohamadali Zangane Asadi Sima PourhashemiBackground and Objective: In arid and semi-arid regions dust phenomenon occurs frequently. These phenomenon seriously affects the human health, soil erosion, desertification and transport. Drought is one of the natural phenomena that decrease precipitation, reduce veget MoreBackground and Objective: In arid and semi-arid regions dust phenomenon occurs frequently. These phenomenon seriously affects the human health, soil erosion, desertification and transport. Drought is one of the natural phenomena that decrease precipitation, reduce vegetation and increase dust in case study. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the number of dust events and climatic drought. Method: In this study, SPI index was used to estimate drought. Rainfall data for the years 1980-2010 and data of the dust for the years 2004-2010 were analyzed. The zoning dust and drought in the same period (2010-2004) was performed using the Kriging method in ArcGIS software. Findings: The results of zoning the occurrence of dust and drought suggest that the greatest number of dust events (226 dust events) and severe drought happened in the province in 2008. Also, in 2005, the lowest number of dust events (85 dust events) and wet conditions prevailed in the province. Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicate the direct relationship between dust event and drought, and dust event increased or decreased during the years that drought intensity increased or decreased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Mapping of Dusty Stormy Days in Iran Using Geostatistical and Mathematical Methods
Hassan Fathizad Ali Khanamani mohammad zareBackground and Objective: The number of stormy days is determined by various factors such as wind speed, rainfall, soil moisture and so on. The study of this index in the country can be considered in various plans. The purpose of this research is mapping of the number o MoreBackground and Objective: The number of stormy days is determined by various factors such as wind speed, rainfall, soil moisture and so on. The study of this index in the country can be considered in various plans. The purpose of this research is mapping of the number of dusty stormy days in Iran and selecting the best model based on the climatic data of 150 meteorological stations for the period of 25 years (1986-2010). Method: Dust stormy days’ data of the studied stations were analyzed using variogram curves to represents their spatial correlation. Gaussian variogram (R2=0.96) shows the highest correlation between the data. Then, map of the number of dust stormy days in Iran were prepared using different geostatistical and mathematical methods. For this purpose, several mathematical interpolation methods including Inverse Distance Method (IDW), Global Polynomial Interpolation (GPI), Radial Basis Function (RBF), Local Polynomial Interpolation (LPI), and geostatistical method of Kriging were used. To select the best interpolation method among several geostatistical and mathematical methods, statistical indicators of Root Mean Square (RMS) and correlation coefficient between observed and predicted data were used. Findings: Results show that the highest correlation between predicted and observed data (R2 = 0.74) was found in kriging indicator method. The southeast and southwest of the country have the highest number of dust storm days. Discussion and Conclusion: High number of dust stormy days in the southeast is resulting from drying of Hammon lakes and blowing of 120-day winds in Sistan plain, and entering of dust from Arabic countries form the direction of southwest. North part of the country has the lowest number of dust storm days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Health risk assessment of cadmium, lead and chromium elements in indoor and outdoor dust under impressed one in the region of east and south-west of Iran (Ahvaz, South Pars region and Zabol)
Seyedreza Asvad Abbas Esmaili Sari Nader BahramifarBackground and Objective: Air pollution is one of the most important threats to human health and ecosystems. One of the most common pollutant of outdoor and indoor is dust, which is an important source of toxic elements, especially in urban environments. In this study, MoreBackground and Objective: Air pollution is one of the most important threats to human health and ecosystems. One of the most common pollutant of outdoor and indoor is dust, which is an important source of toxic elements, especially in urban environments. In this study, the concentration of selected elements (cadmium, chromium and lead) and their health risk assessment in indoor and outdoor dust in Ahwaz, South Pars region and Zabol were measured. Material and Methodology: 100 dust samples were collected from indoor and outdoor the homes of the studied areas during the summer of 2017. Dust samples were digested using an acid digestion method by mixing HClO4-HF-HNO3 acids with 1: 2: 4 ratios. The total concentrations of elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS 7800). Risk assessment of selected elements in dust was performed using Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines. Findings: The results of risk assessment of selected elements from indoor and outdoor dust of homes showed that the highest non-cancerous and cancerous risks in indoor and outdoor dust for both adult and child groups is related to chromium element. While, the lowest cancerous and non-cancerous risks for both adult and child groups is related to lead and cadmium elements, respectively. Furthermore, the study of non-cancerous and cancerous risks caused by selected elements in the studies areas showed that in Ahvaz city, the risk caused by these elements is higher than the other regions. Discussion and conclusion: In general, the results of the hazard index (HI) and total cancer risk (TCR) indicate for selected elements indicate risk and should be subject to control and monitoring conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Comparison of concentration and trend of dust particles in relation to climatic variables in the western half of Iran
Nahid Mahmoodi Mahpash Babak SouriBackground and Purpose: Today one of the issues and essential crises of human societies is incidence of dust phenomenon. Therefore, in researches, the dust concentration has been compared in relation to climatic variables in Sanandaj, Khoramabad and Andimeshk cities loc MoreBackground and Purpose: Today one of the issues and essential crises of human societies is incidence of dust phenomenon. Therefore, in researches, the dust concentration has been compared in relation to climatic variables in Sanandaj, Khoramabad and Andimeshk cities located in different geographical areas in the western half of Iran.Material and Methodology: Inactive sampling was done for measuring dust density. Menkendal test and Pierson cohesion were done for assessment of changes process and their relation with some meteorology parameters.Results: Results showed that the most average density of dust in Sanandaj, Khoramabad and Andimeshk cities were (1.45±0.48, 1.14±0.84 & 1.65±1.07) mg to m2. Checking changes process of dust density showed that Sanandaj station has decreasing process in meaningful level 95 percent (P-value=0.047) between different station. Results of cohesion assessment among dust amounts in 3 stations with metrology parameters showed that in Sanandaj station there was positive relation between dust density and temperature average (p < 0.05, r = 0.61), but there was negative relation between dust density with comparative damp (p < 0.05, r = 0.71) and downfall (p < 0.05, r = 0.61) In Khoramabad (p < 0.05, r = 0.61) and Adimeshk (p < 0.001, r = 0.72) stations there was positive and meaningful relation between dust density and wind speed. Discussion and Conclusion: By these findings it can be concluded that dust amounts in different areas depends on geographical condition, topography requirements, continental, metrology parameters and also their origins are various. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Study of factors affecting dust phenomenon in west of Iran
Siavash Taei Samiromi Hamidreza Moradi Morteza Khadagholi Maryam AhmadiDust is one of the destructive phenomena of climate that annually makes a lot of damage to theenvironment, roads, buildings and urban air. Western Province of Iran are susceptible places forfrequent occurrence of dust phenomenon. For this study the data of horizontal vi MoreDust is one of the destructive phenomena of climate that annually makes a lot of damage to theenvironment, roads, buildings and urban air. Western Province of Iran are susceptible places forfrequent occurrence of dust phenomenon. For this study the data of horizontal visibility and reporteddust phenomena of several meteorology stations in the western provinces were used. Afterdetermining the days with dust and their classification, we attempted to extracted maps of differentlevels of the meteorology International Centre from the NOAA. Finally, the maps and data of dustwere analyzed in the case study. The results showed that the reduction of soil moisture reduced due todecreasing precipitation over the past decade, particularly in the north the middle east, that is feedingregion's the major rivers of Mesopotamia and also, increasing frequency of the short waves and rapidwith strong wind-orbital are the main reasons of storms. It appears that on strengthening subtropicalhigh pressure on Saudi Arabia and simultaneously expanding and opening lines 588 D kamtrIntermediate levels causing increasing the speed of short waves and reduction moisture the advectionfrom high latitudes to the south of the study area. This mechanism reduces the depth of Mediterraneandescent wind conditions also triggers orbital and is weakened meridional currents. It also weakenedthe landing place to the Mediterranean and towards higher latitudes and raise subtropical high pressurecenter can be another reason for the displacement of dust to the north a source. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Study the Trend of Temporal- Spatial Variation in Mesopotamian Marshlands and Effective Factors
Amir hossein Halabian Mehran ShabankariThe 21 century encounter with many challenges which the most important challenges are environmental topics such as deforestation and marshlands destruction and it’s consequences( flood, drought and dust). The Mesopotamian marshlands as the biggest middle- east aqu MoreThe 21 century encounter with many challenges which the most important challenges are environmental topics such as deforestation and marshlands destruction and it’s consequences( flood, drought and dust). The Mesopotamian marshlands as the biggest middle- east aquatic ecosystem has been placed as exoreac basin in south of Iraq and small part of south-western of Iran. These marshlands have been make one of the most dynamic fresh water ecosystems in the world in regional- local scale because of their great area, moist stability and adjancent with permanet rivers. These ecosystems have very important role and position in environmental refining and economical life of region, because of their valuable ecological hydro- climatic potentials. In recent decades, the qualitative changes resulting from undesiable human- natural processes have had the important effects on construction and function of this complex, and the role of marshlands has been coverted from dust stabilization and environmental refining in to origin and center of regional dust. This investigation with analytic- documentary statistical method, study the degradation and instability trend of Mesopotamian marshlands as one of the factors increasing dust in Iran. The result indicated that marshlands have been experienced many gradual and sudden changes. The most important factors foe these changes consist of hydro- climatic changes, infrostructure affairs development( dams and drainage), environmental threats( political and military tensions and drought) and human pollutants types( agricultural, industrial and domestic) which should be consider in regional- local hydropolitic management and planning for improvenental stability of marshlands and consequently, decreasing dust phenomena occurrence. This research indicated that satellite images have capability to reveal and describe the temporal- spatial variation of Mesopotamian marshlands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Application of Artificial Neural Network and Regression Model to Predict the Phenomenon of Dust in the City of Ahvaz
Nabiollah Hosseini Shahpariyan Mohammad Ali Firozi Seyyed Reza Hosseini KahnojDust is one of the phenomena of destructive climate in the western provinces that causes great damage to the environment and many factors are involved in creating this problem. The aim of this study is to predict the phenomenon of dust in Ahvaz city. In this study, Ahv MoreDust is one of the phenomena of destructive climate in the western provinces that causes great damage to the environment and many factors are involved in creating this problem. The aim of this study is to predict the phenomenon of dust in Ahvaz city. In this study, Ahvaz synoptic data during the years (2000-2010) have been used. These data include mean dew point (in degrees Celsius), mean wind speed in knots, relative humidity in terms of average percentage and average monthly rainfall as input, and data on dusty days as target. Networks were introduced. Then, using causal modeling, the relationships between the variables are extracted and finally, the model is tested by neural network and stepwise regression model. The results confirm the ability of more than 74% of the model used to predict the dust phenomenon in Ahvaz. The regression rate of dust data in a linear combination with the variables entered in the equation is equal to 0.651. Also, the resulting coefficient of determination is equal to 0.424 and the modified coefficient of determination is equal to 0.410; That is, in fact, about 41% of the variance of the dust variable is explained and justified through independent variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - تحلیل آماری سینوپتیکی پدیده گردوغبار در استان ایلام
حمید بحیرایی سید محمدهادی ایازی محمدعلی رجایی حمزه احمدی -
Open Access Article
15 - بررسی منشاء و اثرات پدیده گرد و غبار در استان کرمانشاه
محمدتقی رضویان فردین کوشکی -
Open Access Article
16 - Studying the effect of dust on vegetation changes (Case study: Shadegan wetland, Khuzestan)
Reza Bayat Somayeh Jafari Bagher Ghermezcheshmeh Amir Hossain CharkhabiWetlands and water ecosystems are important, especially in terms of environmental values. Mapping vegetation changes can provide valuable information and removing vegetation can cause environmental disasters such as dust. This study aimed to investigate and determine th MoreWetlands and water ecosystems are important, especially in terms of environmental values. Mapping vegetation changes can provide valuable information and removing vegetation can cause environmental disasters such as dust. This study aimed to investigate and determine the spatial and temporal variations in Khuzestan, Shadegan wetland coverage and these changes are analyzed with a dust storm data. Temporal and spatial variation of vegetation measured using Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of MODIS images from 2000 to 2011, and vegetation cover changes were determined and different variables of dust (total annual density, maximum annual concentrations and annual average concentrations of dust) from Ahwaz station were analyzed for detecting changes of vegetation cover. The results indicated that the total area of vegetation NDVI from 2000 to 2011 declined 7.36%. Also, the results showed the highest and lowest water area 25.67% and 19.72% belong to 2007 and 2000 respectively, and the highest and lowest vegetation area were 31.21% and 17.27 % in 2000 and 2004 respectively. According to statistics from 2002 onwards we have been faced with increasing dust storm which indicated a correlation between dust and wetland vegetation. Also worth noting is that the total annual concentration of dust and vegetation indices showed a higher determination coefficient (0.8516). Meanwhile, 2 month delay effect of dust has 0.8214 determination coefficient with NDVI. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Assessment of spatial changes and the effect of climatic elements affecting the occurrence of dust phenomenon in two sources inside and outside by remote sensing technique
Sedigheh Iosefi Hossein Gharehdaghi Marzieh RezaieIran's location in the desert belt of the northern hemisphere, rainfall irregularities, multiple droughts and poor vegetation have caused the phenomenon of dust in the country. This phenomenon is one of the most important environmental hazards that causes a lot of damag MoreIran's location in the desert belt of the northern hemisphere, rainfall irregularities, multiple droughts and poor vegetation have caused the phenomenon of dust in the country. This phenomenon is one of the most important environmental hazards that causes a lot of damage every year in different parts, especially in the southern and southwestern provinces of the country. The present study investigates the causes of dust storms in Hormozgan province in the period from 2002 to 2009. In this study, which was conducted using the statistics of the Meteorological Organization of Iran in five synoptic stations of Hormozgan province, dust days with two sources near and outside the synoptic stations were extracted and after annual and monthly monitoring of storms, using climatic elements. And Plant Index (EVI) was investigated for dust storms using multivariate regression. The results show that dust with a source close to the station causes the most dust days in the region, so that more than 65% of dust days caused by dust originates near the station and the most occurrence of dust occurred in the warm season. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the simultaneous use of ground measurements and satellite images has a good ability to monitor and investigate dust storms. Due to the fact that most of the dust in this area is close to the station, it is possible to reduce the significant volume of these storms by biological and mechanical measures and to deal with wind erosion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Analysis relation of vegetation cover on the number of dust event in Khorasan Razavi using geographic information system and remote sensing
Sima Pourhashemi Mehdi Boroghani Mohammad Ali Zangane Asadi Abolghasem Amir AhmadiDust phenomenon is one of the climatic hazards in arid and semi-arid regions of the world that usually brings damages to human life and properties. In recent decades due to long droughts in Iran, the number of dust event increased and affected many cities and villages. MoreDust phenomenon is one of the climatic hazards in arid and semi-arid regions of the world that usually brings damages to human life and properties. In recent decades due to long droughts in Iran, the number of dust event increased and affected many cities and villages. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vegetation and relationship with dust events in Khorasan Razavi province during 2004-2013 using Geographic information system (GIS) and Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The data of dusty days in the region synoptic stations were provided from Meteorological Organization and the frequency of dusty days in different seasons were determined. Using the method of Normal Kriging in GIS, dusty days were zoned in the province. Vegetation map area, were provided using MODIS image in ENVI®4.8 software. The results showed closed relations between the number of dust event and vegetation distribution. In addition, decreasing of vegetations caused the increasing of the number of dust event. Results showed the number of dust event increased during the recent years and in 2008 and 2005 were recorded as the most and the least number of dust event respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Multivariate geostatistical analysis in assessment of aerosols (Case study: Bushehr)
Tayebeh Tabatabaei Abdolreza Karbassi Faramarz Moatar Seyed Masoud MonavariThe mean aerosols samples in three periods of ten stations were taken from Bushehr region, to characterize the spatial variability and concentration of As, Cd, Co, Fe, Ni, Pb and V. The geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) techniques were applied, and t MoreThe mean aerosols samples in three periods of ten stations were taken from Bushehr region, to characterize the spatial variability and concentration of As, Cd, Co, Fe, Ni, Pb and V. The geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) techniques were applied, and the disjunctive kriging was used to map the spatial patterns of the seven heavy metals. Meanwhile, Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation matrix (CA) were used for the data processing. The results of Nug/Sill ratios for the seven metals showed that spatial dependent is moderate (0.25-0.75), that indicative the effects of natural factors such as parent material and topography. Meanwhile, the disjunctive kriging technique was used to quantify their concentration distribution. Combined with the results of PCA, 7 heavy metals could be divided into 3 factors. D1 was the metals, i.e., As, Co, Ni, Pb, V. Cd was in D2, Fe in D3. This results show the concentrations of 7 heavy metals were mainly controlled by the external factors. These results will contribute to the management of regional environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Source routing of dust haze phenomenon in the west and southwest of Iran and its synoptic analysis by using remote sensing and GIS
Mohammad Fallah zazuli Alireza Vafaeinezhad Mir Masoud Kheirkhah zarkesh Fariborz Ahmadi dehkaThe dust haze phenomenon is one of the most environmental challenges in the West and South-West of Iran. To detect the phenomenon of dust haze the images with a repeat in day and night, wide coverage and high spectral bands is needed therefore the images related to MODI MoreThe dust haze phenomenon is one of the most environmental challenges in the West and South-West of Iran. To detect the phenomenon of dust haze the images with a repeat in day and night, wide coverage and high spectral bands is needed therefore the images related to MODIS sensor is suitable. The purpose of this study is identifying sources producing dust haze entering in this region in 2011 by using visible bands and thermal bands of MODIS sensor and with the use of Ackermann index and synoptic analysis to identify the movement of dust haze from the origin to Iran By using 500 hectopascal geopotential height synoptic data, sea level pressure and 500 and 1000 hectopascal wind direction maps. Finally, its movement from source to Iran was monitored by using GIS and Spatial Analysis Tools. The results showed that source of the phenomena of dust haze entering the West and South West of the country is from Syria, Iraq and part of Saudi Arabia, which the major origin of dust haze is north of Iraq and the border between Iraq and Syria. Combining the results of detection of dust haze and synoptic maps has optimized found the origin and mode of transmission of dust hazes and provides a more suitable prediction of the movement path of dust haze. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Assessment and compare the spatial-temporal distribution of aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the Khuzestan province, using remote sensing (R.S)
Parvaneh Meshkizadeh Neda orak Jafar MorshediThe study of desert dust and its suspension, transportation and deposition in environment are important issues with regard to global environmental changes. So, the distribution of dust and the way they can change, especially for dusts with extreme temporal and spatial v MoreThe study of desert dust and its suspension, transportation and deposition in environment are important issues with regard to global environmental changes. So, the distribution of dust and the way they can change, especially for dusts with extreme temporal and spatial variability, are being regularly monitored. In this study various methods of detection and zoning of dust-storm particles in Khuzestan province were compared. In this study, MODIS satellite images were utilized, because, these images have specific characteristics in identifying the source of dust storms. Initially the satellite data or satellite images were obtained. These images were captured a few days before and after the dust storm phenomenon in this area in order to identifying the exact origin of dust in this area. Maps derived from satellite Aqua and Terra showed that spatial variations AOD do not follow a certain trend, moreover, suspended particle variation in the air of western cities of Khuzestan were much more than other areas. The results showed that the highest and the lowest AOD index, almost in all cities, were observed in summer and autumn, respectively. Furthermore, the aerosol optical depth (0. 780±0. 22) in Ahvaz during the abovementioned period was above the average. According to AOD distribution maps in all four seasons in 2013, there was an increase in the amount of AOD from northeast to the southwest cities in Khuzestan province. There also was a decrease in the amount of AOD towards central cities of Khuzestan province in all seasons Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Synoptic Analysis of Dust From The Warm Half of The Year in Southern Khorasan Province
Zohra Ahmadi Reza Doostan Abbas MofidiDust is the first Natural hazard in desert and semi-desert world and Iran. In order to identify the days of the dust of South KHorasan, the daily amount of horizontal visibility, wind speed and direction in the spring and summer of 1991 -2008 were received from Meteorol MoreDust is the first Natural hazard in desert and semi-desert world and Iran. In order to identify the days of the dust of South KHorasan, the daily amount of horizontal visibility, wind speed and direction in the spring and summer of 1991 -2008 were received from Meteorological Organization. Then, based on Shao and Dong index, the days were extracted with dust. In order to determine atmospheric pattern led to the dust, the daily Geopotential height 500 HP from the National Center for Environmental Prediction America/ National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP / NCAR), was prepared. In this study, to determine the pressure patterns were used the principle component analysis approach in the state S and hierarchical clustering (ward). Then the composite maps of vorticity, geopotential height, and sea pressure and flow pattern for each pattern produced and were analyzed. The results showed that the tow dominant synoptic patterns respectively are the summer pattern with a subtropical high on Iran and high low on Pakistan in the high levels of the atmosphere and the pressure difference between the South-East of Iran (low pressure) and the Caspian Sea (high pressure) on the land surface. In this pattern, the wind from the East of the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan desert in the dry lands and deserts to eastern Iran flows and causing dust. This atmospheric conditions is this Connection with the 120-day winds of Sistan and Baluchestan in Iran's East. In the spring pattern, the trough of westerly winds in the center and east of Iran in the high level of atmosphere and low pressure on the ground in this area has led to unstable weather conditions in the central deserts of Iran and the West the province that these flows transfer dust particles and reduce visibility. As well as intense pressure difference between the centers lead to dust storms in the South Khorasan province Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - شبیه سازی خط سیر چند نمونه از طوفان های گرد و غبار شدید استان کرمانشاه از دیدگاه همدید و مدل HYSPILT
قاسم کیخسروی محبوبه حاصلیفراوانی و شدت طوفان های گرد و غبار در سال های اخیر افزایش یافته و پیامدهای مختلف اقتصادی و اکولوژیکی را باعث شده است. این تحقیق به منظور تحلیل همدیدی و شناسایی منابع گرد و غبار استان کرمانشاه با استفاده از مدلHYSPILT و سیستم های گردشی جو در سطوح مختلف انجام گرفت. بررسی Moreفراوانی و شدت طوفان های گرد و غبار در سال های اخیر افزایش یافته و پیامدهای مختلف اقتصادی و اکولوژیکی را باعث شده است. این تحقیق به منظور تحلیل همدیدی و شناسایی منابع گرد و غبار استان کرمانشاه با استفاده از مدلHYSPILT و سیستم های گردشی جو در سطوح مختلف انجام گرفت. بررسی آماری سال های (2015-2007) نشان داد،از دو نمونه مطالعاتی، یکی از فراگیرترین پدیده گرد و غبار در ماه ژولای سال 2009 رخ داده که حدود سه روز(3/7/2009 تا 5/7/2009) دید افقی را در اکثر ایستگاه های مورد مطالعه به کمتر از 500 متر کاهش داده است. به منظور رسیدن به هدف ذکر شده ابتدا با استفاده از داده های جوی سطح بالا شامل ارتفاع ژئوپتانسیل ترازهای850،1000 و 500 هکتوپاسکال، باد مداری و نصف النهاری نقشه های گردشی جو با ترسیم در محیط GRADS ، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت، و همچنین برای تعیین مسیر حرکت ذرات غباری در 48 ساعت قبل از وقوع پدیده گرد و غبار، مدلسازی با روش ردیابی پسگرد و جلو گرد در سه سطح ارتفاعی اجراء شد. با بررسی الگوهای جوی طی روزهای طوفان می توان نتیجه گرفت که عامل اصلی ناپایداری های جوی منجر به طوفان گرد و غبار در لایه زیرین وردسپهر و در تراز 850 هکتوپاسکال شکل گرفته است. بنابراین در لایه پایین وردسپهر وجود یک مرکز کم ارتفاع بر روی شمال عربستان و ادامه آن با مرکز کم ارتفاع پاکستان و گسترش غرب سوی زبانه این کم ارتفاع سبب ایجاد شیو ارتفاعی و شیو فشاری شدید بر روی منطقه شده و بر شدت جریانات سطح زمین افزوده است. همچنین مطالعه مسیرهای انتقال ذرات از خروجی مدل نشان داد که بطور کلی کانون های گرد و غبار در طی روزهای وقوع طوفان شامل مناطق:1- شمال، شمال شرق و جنوب شرقی عراق2- شمال عربستان3- شمال شرق و مرکز سوریه4- نواحی جنوبی ترکیه5- نواحی مرکزی و جنوب غربی ایران می باشد. همچنین رهگیری جریان باد با روش جلوگرد نشان داد که بسته های هوا و توده های گرد و غبار همراه آنها، عمدتاً پس از گذر از استان های همدان،مرکزی،قم، تهران به نواحی شمالی سمنان و خراسان خواهند رسید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Economic Loss of Dust Storms in Iran West Provinces Case Study of Ilam, Khuzestan and Kermanshah
Kouh Sar KhalediDust storm has made massive loss in west and south provinces of Iran during 2000s. In this study, the damages or losses caused by dust storms will be evaluated in the economy of highly vulnerable regions including Ilam, Khuzestan and Kermanshah during 2006-2011 using pa MoreDust storm has made massive loss in west and south provinces of Iran during 2000s. In this study, the damages or losses caused by dust storms will be evaluated in the economy of highly vulnerable regions including Ilam, Khuzestan and Kermanshah during 2006-2011 using parametric methods. The total economic losses of agricultural productions in these provinces has been estimated about 2,227 million dollars under the conditions of the first scenario and about 13,361 million dollars under the conditions of the fourth scenario. In 2009, each day off caused by dust storm in three provinces officially announced by local government has totally made 142 million dollars loss based on provincial value added and 66 million dollars loss based on average national value added. Following up the natural rights of citizens through regional and international organizations, implementing the crisis management, encouraging Iraq government to control the dust centers and supporting completely the economic actors, especially the farmers in provinces affected by the dust storms are recommended to solve the problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - تحلیل آماری سینوپتیکی پدیده گردوغبار در استان ایلام
حمید بحیرایی سید محمدهادی ایازی محمدعلی رجایی حمزه احمدی -
Open Access Article
26 - بررسی منشاء و اثرات پدیده گرد و غبار در استان کرمانشاه
محمدتقی رضویان فردین کوشکی -
Open Access Article
27 - A study on dust event over Kermanshah station and its relation to jet stream, March 27, 2003
N. Seyedzadeh Agdam P. S. Katirai A. Ranjbar Saadat AbadiThis study was on dust in Kermanshah synoptic station in March 27, 2003. Mean daily 500hpa geopotential height, mean sea level and 250hpa wind field maps analysis showed a middle atmospheric trough over Black Sea and the north of the Mediterranean Sea which is consisten MoreThis study was on dust in Kermanshah synoptic station in March 27, 2003. Mean daily 500hpa geopotential height, mean sea level and 250hpa wind field maps analysis showed a middle atmospheric trough over Black Sea and the north of the Mediterranean Sea which is consistent with a middle atmospheric low pressure over Iraq, east of Turkey and north of Saudi Arabia. In addition, the divergence of subtropical jet stream in 200hpa level and polar front jet stream in 250hpa level is the most important reason for convergence and induced upward motions over deserts in Iraq, Syria and Jordan, between 35-50 ° longitudes and 30-35 ° latitudes. The intensity of dust was related to the vertical angle between the center of the surface low pressure and 500hpa level low geopotential height. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - A study on weather patterns and dust sources associated with sever dust events in the summer in the south west of Iran
F. Ghahri A. Ranjbar Saadat Abadi P. S. KatiraieDust as one atmospheric phenomenon has many important effects on environment, health, economy and social fields for entering dust particles into the atmosphere. Iran and western neighboring counties are located in the arid and semiarid belt of the world, where frequency MoreDust as one atmospheric phenomenon has many important effects on environment, health, economy and social fields for entering dust particles into the atmosphere. Iran and western neighboring counties are located in the arid and semiarid belt of the world, where frequency of sever dust events, especially in south west Iran, has increased in recent years. In this paper, we investigated how this event is produced and reached to Ahwaz using observations and weather data of the period 1968-2008 in selected summer month, based on sea level, 850hpa and 500hpa weather charts, surface wind field in the start and end days of dust occurrence in Ahwaz station. The results showed that in this period, dust events by high strength and frequency were occurred in July in Ahwaz, and the synoptic patterns that produce majority of severe dust over Ahwaz are Persian Gulf thermal trough extends to the north west of Iraq and European ridge extends over Black Sea and large parts of Turkey by passing waves of middle level Mediterranean trough north west of Iraq and east of Syria. Dust sources in northwest of Iraq and east of Syria have a major role in sever dust events in summer in south west of Iran. Manuscript profile
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