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Open Access Article
1 - بررسی نقش آنزیم های پروتئولیتیک برخی جدای ههای متعلق به جنس آرتروبوتریس در کنترل زیستی نوزاد عفون تزای همونکوس کونتورتوس
دکتر بهار شمشادی دکتر علی اسلامی دکتر شاهرخ رنجبر بهادری دکتر مهدی رزاقی ابیانه دکتر رسول زارع -
Open Access Article
2 - Isolation, identification and evaluation of the Actinobacteria derived from wheat farms to perform biological control of fungal diseases
Majid Gozari Maria Mohammadizadeh mohsen gozari Maryam RafatiBackground and Objective: Nowadays pesticides are extensively used to protect food security worldwide. Due to their undesirable effects, they are considered as important environmental pollutants. Methods for pest biological control are enumerated as an alternative for c MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays pesticides are extensively used to protect food security worldwide. Due to their undesirable effects, they are considered as important environmental pollutants. Methods for pest biological control are enumerated as an alternative for chemical pesticide. This study was performed to isolate and identify the antifungal-compound-producing Actinobacteria againstAspergillus nigerfungi (stored product pest)and Bipolaris sp.(responsible for root and crown rot disease) from wheat farms of Hajiabad region, Hormozgan province. Methods: Three farming sites were sampled in this study. Actinobacteria were isolated by soil extract agar and starch casein agar media. Antifungal activities were evaluated by well diffusion agar method. Potent isolates were identified through morphological, physiological, biochemical, and genetic analysis. Findings: Approximately a total number of 207 Actinobacteria isolates were isolated. From two isolation media, the soil extract agar yielded 125 isolates and exhibited more efficacy. Results of physical treatments showed that heat treatment could isolate 85 colonies and followed by desiccation and UV treatments by 57 and 46 colonies respectively. Evaluation of the antifungal activities of 100 morphologically distinct isolates revealed that only two isolates exhibited antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Bipolaris sp. Identification of potent isolates according to morphological, biochemical and physiological properties showed that these isolates belong to Streptomyces genus. Genetically, identification and phylogenetic analysis based on16srRNA gene revealed a high similarity between Streptomyces sp.MG-11and Streptomyces albus (similarity: 99%) and between Streptomyces sp.MG-21 and Streptomyces griseus (similarity: 99%). Discussion and Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that Streptomyces sp. MG-11 and Streptomyces sp.MG-21can be considered as appropriate candidates for biological control studies against the selected fungal diseases in wheat farms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Isolation and evaluation of the efficacy of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. for biological control of Egyptian broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers) Pomel. ) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. )
Moslem Taghipour Ghorbanali asadi Mehdi Rastgoo Mahmoodreza karimi shariAbstractThe use of soil fungi such as Fusarium is one of the strategies for controlling and managing parasitic plants. Accordingly, in order to evaluate the pathogenic potential, Fusariumoxysporum was isolated from the stems of infected plants of Phelipancheaegyptiaca a MoreAbstractThe use of soil fungi such as Fusarium is one of the strategies for controlling and managing parasitic plants. Accordingly, in order to evaluate the pathogenic potential, Fusariumoxysporum was isolated from the stems of infected plants of Phelipancheaegyptiaca and after identification, it was tested in a greenhouse using two treatments inoculated with fungal suspension. F. oxysporum and control treatment (no inoculation) were performed. In the inoculated treatment, fungal suspension with a concentration of 107 × 5 spores per ml, at a rate of 50 ml per pot and in the control treatment, tap water was used. Studied traits were including total number of parasite stems, number of parasite stems removed, number of diseased and dead parasite stems, number of healthy parasite stems, and number of flowering stems, number of parasite stems per plant, stem height of the parasite and the dry weight of Egyptian broomrape and tomato plants. The results of comparing the mean of the two treatments with t-test showed a significant difference in the dry weight of broomrape and tomato so that the mean dry weight of broomrape in the treatment inoculated with F. oxysporum (6 g), compared to the control treatment (16.84 g), was 2.8 times lower. Also, the highest dry weight of tomato (36.43 g) was observed in the inoculated treatment with F. oxysporum, which increased by 44.27% compared to the control with 25.25 g. In the host range test, none of the tested plants showed signs of persistent infection, including permanent wilting and necrosis. In general, the use of this fungus in the biological control of Egyptian broomrape could have an effect on all studied traits, reduce the dry weight of Egyptian broomrape and increase the dry matter of tomato. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Control of Rhizoctonia root rot of bell pepper in greenhouse using chemicals and biological fungicides
Maryam Shirmohammadi Ezatollah Sedaghatfar Reza Hejazi Hadi RahanandehBell pepper with the scientific name Capsicum annuum L. belongs to the Solanaceae family. Among the major pepper diseases, root rot caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani has the economic importance. The common method to control this disease is to use the chemical fung MoreBell pepper with the scientific name Capsicum annuum L. belongs to the Solanaceae family. Among the major pepper diseases, root rot caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani has the economic importance. The common method to control this disease is to use the chemical fungicides. In order to control Rhizoctonia root rot disease of bell pepper, a number of commercial biological agents based on Trichoderma harzianum, Glomus sp. mycorrhizal fungus, Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. bacteria and three chemical fungicides Tebuconazole, Copper oxychloride and Mancozeb were investigated in greenhouse conditions. The analysis of variance showed that the treatments had significant difference (P≤ 0.01) in all the examined traits. The mean comparisons of the treatments were evaluated based on disease inhibition traits including the length of the necrotic tissue with the largest wound and the disease index and plant growth promotion traits, including plant fresh weight, plant height, root dry weight and shoot dry weight. The treatments of negative control (no pathogen) and fungicide tebuconazole had the greatest effect on most of the traits, and the treatments of Potabarvar and Mycoroot and positive control (with pathogen) had the least effect. Among the biological control treatments, based on the lowest disease index and the lowest wound length, the combination of biological agents, Parsbacil, Probio96, Alkagreen, Trichoran-P and Tricho were ranked respectively. In the study of agricultural traits, biological treatments, combination of biological agents, Parsbacil and Probio-96 showed the highest values. In the management of this disease, apart from the chemical control method (Tebuconazole), the best option with a relatively similar statistical level was Parsbacill combination (SC) containing Bacillus velezensis strain M11-RTS, and Probio-96 containing Bacillus subtilis bacteria (P≤ 0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Phage therapy and its application in plant diseases control
Fatemeh SamieiBacteriophage refers to viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Bacteriophages are mainly used in medicine and veterinary medicine and have recently been considered for the control of plant diseases. The use of phages in the biocontrol strategy of plant pathogens is MoreBacteriophage refers to viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Bacteriophages are mainly used in medicine and veterinary medicine and have recently been considered for the control of plant diseases. The use of phages in the biocontrol strategy of plant pathogens is due to their ability to kill bacteria, as well as the observation of phages in the same bacterial host environment, which indicates their ability to survive in the same host environment. Phages have been used as a part of the integrated management of diseases due to their easy and convenient use, the possibility of being combined with other bactericides or alternating use with pesticides, and having a relatively low price. Although there are considerable doubts about the use of bacteriophages as effective biological control agents, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the concern about the possibility of transferring antibiotic resistance from plant pathogens to human pathogens and the emergence of copper-tolerant strains among plant bacteria have led to a renewed desire to control disease based on bacteriophages in modern agriculture. So far, phage therapy has been successfully used against agents such as bacterial spot of edible mushrooms (Pseudomonas tolasi), bacterial leaf spot of mango beans, soft rot caused by Pectobacterium species, apple and pear blight (Erwinia amylovora), potato scab (Streptomyces scabies), geranium bacterial blight (Xantomonas hortorum pv. Pelargonii), tomato bacterial spot (Xantomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria) have been used. It is true that bacteria can become resistant to phages in a manner similar to that seen in antibiotics, but the advantage of phages over antibiotics for treating pathogens is their ability to mutate and infect new hosts. The major problem of phage-based biological control is the conversion of successful laboratory experiments into effective control methods against the pathogen at the field level. For this purpose, it is necessary to gain a complete understanding of the ecology and the complex host-phage interaction in different plant environments in order to maximize the use of phages as a biocontrol method. In this article, an attempt has been made to review the potential of bacteriophages in the biological control of plant pathogens and introduce its advantages and challenges Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Biocontrol activity optimization of low-fermenting yeast isolates against Aspergillus niger to remove toxin from grape juice
Arash Babaei Mohsen Duzbakhshan Hadis TavafiBackground & Objectives: Grapes infected with Aspergillus can produce ochratoxin A (OTA) in the processing of beverages such as wine or grape juice. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal biological potential of two low-fermenting native yeast isolates (A01 G01 MoreBackground & Objectives: Grapes infected with Aspergillus can produce ochratoxin A (OTA) in the processing of beverages such as wine or grape juice. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal biological potential of two low-fermenting native yeast isolates (A01 G01) and three standards (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida guilliermondii, Metschnikowia agaves) yeast isolates against Aspergillus niger and their ability to remove OTA in grape juice and its products, without any considerable alcohol production during the process. Material & Methods: Two native yeast isolates (A01 and G01) were obtained from Malayer apples and grapes, respectively, and inoculated on the PDA culture medium. Native isolates were identified by sequencing D1 and D2 and ITS 1 and ITS2 regions of the ribosomal DNA gene.Results: The results of DNA sequencing identified both native isolates as Saccharomyces. All strains showed a significant ability in inhibition of A. niger growth both on grape berries and in culture media. Meanwhile, yeast isolates produced a trace amount of alcohol.Conclusion: Biological control of A. niger and OTA-decontamination using yeast is proposed as an approach to meet the Islamic dietary laws regarding the absence of alcohol in halal beverages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Shigella sonnei bio-control in chicken meat by the application of a specific bacteriophage
Khashayar Shahin Majid Bouzari Ran WangShigella sonnei is the main agent associated with shigellosis in developed as well as developing countries. Finding alternative methods to control Shigella transmission (foods, drinking water and person to person contact) seems necessary due to the appearance of m MoreShigella sonnei is the main agent associated with shigellosis in developed as well as developing countries. Finding alternative methods to control Shigella transmission (foods, drinking water and person to person contact) seems necessary due to the appearance of multidrug-resistant strains among Shigella spp. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of vB_SsoS-ISF002 phage in bio-controlling of S. sonnei in food products. Changes in the S. sonnei (ATCC 9290) count, as well as the propagation of its specific bacteriophage (vB_SsoS-ISF002), were measured in two trial treatment and prevention phases for a period of 144 hours. The phage (108 PFU/g) was added to raw or cooked chicken breast after (in treatment phase) or before (in prevention phase) inoculation with S. sonnei at 2, 24 or 48 h. vB_SsoS-ISF002 phage was capable to reduce S. sonnei growth by at least two logs of viable in both treatment and prevention phases. It was shown that vB_SflS-ISF001 phage has a high potential to be used as a non-chemical preservative and the bio-controlling agent against S. sonnei contamination in the food industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of antifungal activity of iturin producing Bacillus subtilis strains
Afagh Mohammadi Abbas Akhavan Sepahi Reza HosseinidoostBackground & Objectives: Bacillus subtilis strains produce a wide variety of antimicrobial substances, such as iturin family lipopeptides, which are effective in biological control of many plant pathogens. The aim of present study was to investigation the antifungal MoreBackground & Objectives: Bacillus subtilis strains produce a wide variety of antimicrobial substances, such as iturin family lipopeptides, which are effective in biological control of many plant pathogens. The aim of present study was to investigation the antifungal activity of indigenous strains Bacillus subtilis against Fusarium moniliforme and Verticillium dahliae. Materials & Methods: The forest soil samples were collected from seven different parks at Tehran. The isolates were screened by antifungal activity. Two best strains with greater inhibition zone were identified by PCR. Then, nutrient broth media were optimized to produce of large volumes of the antifungal metabolites from the selected native strains. Following 4 day incubation, the bacterial metabolites were purified, and the presence of iturin was confirmed by chromatography method. Results: Totally, 23 isolated strains were confirmed as B. subtilis. In subsequent experiments, two strains 36 and 78 showed the greatest activity against the Fusarium moniliforme and Verticillium dahliae respectively. 16srRNA sequence analyses for selected isolates confirmed 100% similarity to B. subtilis. The nutrient broth with glucose, yeast extract, neutral pH and 30 ⁰C incubation temperature were optimized for the best production condition. The HPLC results showed that both the ability of these strains to produce iturin A in a specific period was as the same as standard iturin. Conclusion: These indigenous strains showed the ability to produce antifungal metabolites. Therefore, these strains can be used as good candidates for the biological control of plant pathogenic fungi and as an alternative for chemical fungicides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Application of Soil‐borne Streptomycetes for Biological Control against Fusarium Wilt of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L) caused by Fusarium oxysporum fsp cumini
Mozhgan Golmoradi Gholamhosein Shahidi Bonjar Sonia Aghighi Meysam Soltani NejadCumin )C uminum cyminum L.) is an annual plant belonging to Apiaceae family. One of the major diseases of cumin is Fusarium wilt caused by a soil-borne, vascular wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini which is a devastating disease that occurs in major cumin grow MoreCumin )C uminum cyminum L.) is an annual plant belonging to Apiaceae family. One of the major diseases of cumin is Fusarium wilt caused by a soil-borne, vascular wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini which is a devastating disease that occurs in major cumin growing areas of the world; while plants reach to 0.5- 2.5 cm in height, they die as the result of the disease. In the current research, 80 isolates of Streptomyces spp. isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Astragalus sp. and screened against Fusarium under laboratory condition. Three out of 80 isolates including M15, M26 and M80 revealed having the highest antagonistic activity, hence, selected for further evaluation under greenhouse conditions. After emergence of cumin seedlings, mortality and growth indices were compared between different treatments weekly and results were recorded. Plants were harvested after teen weeks and growth indices such as plant height and weight were recorded. The Streptomyces sp. Isolate No. M15 was showed the strongest effects on plant growth and suppression of the wilt disease as compared to the controls. The present research is an attempt to control cumin Fusarium wilt disease using Streptomyces spp. The final goal of this research is to introduce an effective biological agent for controlling managing Fusarium wilt disease under field condition. this pathogen. Manuscript profile
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