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Open Access Article
1 - Combination of QuEChERS Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction based on Magnetic Ionic Liquids for extraction of Carbamate Pesticides from Apple Samples prior to their analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Sajjad Farajpour Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam Jalil Khandaghi Introduction: Today, the use of pesticides has become an essential part of agricultural activities. Due to their relatively short lifespan, strong effect, and extensive variety of biological activities, carbamates are one of those that are frequently utilized as i More Introduction: Today, the use of pesticides has become an essential part of agricultural activities. Due to their relatively short lifespan, strong effect, and extensive variety of biological activities, carbamates are one of those that are frequently utilized as insecticides. The need to monitor the presence of pesticides in food products is a major concern because of their major risk on consumers' health.Materials and Methods: In the current research, Aldicarb, Carbaryl, and Primicarb insecticides were extracted from apple samples using a combination of QuEChERS technique with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and their determination was carried out using HPLC-DAD. For this purpose, the effect of the effective factors in the two stages of the proposed extraction process was investigated and optimized. Also, merit figures including linear range, limits of detection and quantification, repeatability, enrichment factor, and extraction recovery were calculated in order to validate the developed method.Results: Concerned with the broad linear range (10.7-2000 ng/g) and the repeatability based on RSD% of 2.6 to 4.8, the proposed method proved highly capable of extracting the desired pesticide residues from apple samples. Under optimal conditions, the suggested approach had an extraction efficiency of 67–75%, an enrichment factor of greater than 335, and limits of detection and quantification of less than 4.2 and 14 ng/ml, respectively, which were less than the MRLs set for these pesticides in fruits and vegetables. The mentioned method was successfully performed on real apple samples and the results revealed that the samples did not contain any of the expected carbamates.Conclusion: In general, the developed method has the necessary ability to detect carbamate insecticides in apple samples. This method offers several advantages of being simple and reliable, employing green solvents, and short analysis time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Development of Dispersive Solid-phase Extraction Combined with Air-assisted Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for Determination of Sulfonamide Residues in Pasteurized Milk Samples using High Performance Liquid Chromatography
M. Tajallayi A. Haghighat Asiabar M. R. Afshar Mogaddam J. Khandaghi Introduction: One of the significant contaminants in animal-derived foods, such as milk, is antibiotic residues, which put consumers' health at risk. Monitoring the amount of antibiotic residue in milk is crucial in order to alert the nation's health authorities More Introduction: One of the significant contaminants in animal-derived foods, such as milk, is antibiotic residues, which put consumers' health at risk. Monitoring the amount of antibiotic residue in milk is crucial in order to alert the nation's health authorities and in this regard, several researches have been conducted for determination of different antibiotic residues in milk using various traditional and chromatographic methods. In this study, an efficient method for determining the residual levels of some sulfonamides in pasteurized milk was developed and presented. Materials and Methods: After dispersive solid-phase extraction combined with air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction of analytes, the residues of sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfamethazine in the pasteurized milk were determined using HPLC with a diode array detector. Following the evaluation of the effective factors in the extraction and optimizing them, the validation of method was carried out by calculating analytical parameters such as linear range, LOD, LOQ, repeatability, and extraction recovery. Results: In the developed two-step extraction method, satisfactory figures of merit were obtained, therefore the method's linearity was shown with a coefficient of determination higher than 0.995. The limits of detection and measurement were less than 1.2 and 3.2 ng ml-1, respectively, which is less than the MRLs established for these antibiotics in milk. The analysis of real samples showed the presence of sulfamethoxazole in three milk samples in concentrations of 13±0.1, 9±0.2 and 9.6±0.5 ng ml-1 and no other antibiotics were discovered in the examined samples. Conclusion: Overall, the established approach is a sensitive, accurate and reliable method and has high efficiency in determining selected antibiotics in milk samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - بررسی میزان آفلاتوکسین B1 خوراک دام وآفلاتوکسین M1 شیر خام به روش الایزا و کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا
شهین عشقی جمیله سالار آملی کامران میرزایی -
Open Access Article
4 - بررسی اثر ملیتین استخراج شده از زهر زنبور عسل ایرانی روی سویه‌های کلینیکی سودوموناس آئروژینوزا
مرضیه رضایی منصور بیات دلاور شهباز زاده محسن مومن زاده رضا اکبری کامران پوشنگ باقری -
Open Access Article
5 - Extraction and measurement of β-Carbolines and evaluation of antioxidant properties of leaf and seed extract of Spand (P.harmala) of Zahedan
Saeedeh Fahimi Shahrbanoo Oryan Ramesh Ahmadi Akram Eidiβ-Carbolines are an alkaloid containing indole group that easily passes through the blood-brain barrier and change the concentration of neurotransmitters, as well as a range of neurophysiological and toxic effects, including effects on body temperature, seizures, a Moreβ-Carbolines are an alkaloid containing indole group that easily passes through the blood-brain barrier and change the concentration of neurotransmitters, as well as a range of neurophysiological and toxic effects, including effects on body temperature, seizures, anti-depressant activity, vascular dilatation, anti-cumulative effects of platelets and effects on appetite. The aim of this study was to extract and measure β-Carboline and also phenolic compounds of Spand (p.harmala) collected from Zahedan. Further phytochemical analysis of extracts was carried out and the quantitative and qualitative analysis included identification of anthocyanins, flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones, an antioxidant test of extract, FT-IR analysis of extract, quantitative and qualitative analysis of HPLC extract and alkaloids. The results showed that although the antioxidant properties of methanolic extract from leaves are higher (due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds) than the methanolic extract seeds, the amount of β-Carboline in the seeds of this plant (p.harmala) is higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Application of a novel microextraction method for determination of organophosphorous pesticides from fruit juice using high performance liquid chromatography
R. Fakhim Rasoolzadeh M.R. Afshar Moghaddam J. KhandaghiCrops such as fruits as raw materials for the production of fruit juices are affected by different pests that are regularly used to combat these agents in agriculture activities. Some of these substances not only remain on the surface of crops but also penetrate their t MoreCrops such as fruits as raw materials for the production of fruit juices are affected by different pests that are regularly used to combat these agents in agriculture activities. Some of these substances not only remain on the surface of crops but also penetrate their tissues, as most of the crops exposed to pesticides contain amounts of pesticide residues that enter the consumer's body along with foods. For this reason, the use of precise and efficient methods in evaluating the residuals amounts of these compounds in food products is of great value. In this research, a combination of air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction and liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic drop methods has developed for extraction and preconcentration of some of the widely used organophosphorus pesticides used in Iran (Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Phosalone, Parathion- methyl and Azinphos-methyl) from juice samples before their analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. Under optimal conditions, 32 μl of menthol as the extraction solvent and 75 μl acetonitrile as dispersive solvent at a temperature of 60 °C used to extract the analytes. The proposed method is simple, reliable, and inexpensive and yields optimal values for extraction efficiency so that under optimized conditions the recoveries ranging from 61 to 79%. RSD% was in range 4.6 to 6.9, indicating high reproducibility of the proposed method. Other advantages of this method include low organic solvents consumption and short analysis time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Determination of oxytetracycline residues in the distributed meat products in Tabriz by high-performance liquid chromatography method
Jafar Shadjou Mohammad Hosein MovassaghThe excessive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry has led to the appearance of antibiotic residues in meat and could threaten public health. The study aimed to determine the oxytetracycline residue level in meat products in Tabriz. A total of 60 samples of meat produ MoreThe excessive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry has led to the appearance of antibiotic residues in meat and could threaten public health. The study aimed to determine the oxytetracycline residue level in meat products in Tabriz. A total of 60 samples of meat products (sausages, Persian sausages and hamburgers, 20 samples from each meat product) were randomly collected from food supply stores in Tabriz from March to May 2021. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the level of oxytetracycline residue levels in the samples. The results showed that the mean of oxytetracycline residue in sausage, Persian sausage, and hamburger was 82.48±7.06, 57.35±4.27, and 150.79±3.65 µg/Kg, respectively. The mean value of oxytetracycline residues showed a significant (p<0.05) difference between the three products. Also, oxytetracycline residue was observed in all samples. However, in all samples, it was below the allowed limit of Codex Alimentarius (200 µg/kg). The average residue of oxytetracycline in hamburgers was significantly higher than in sausages. In hamburgers with 90% meat, the average amount of oxytetracycline was more than in hamburgers with 70% meat, which can be related to the percentage of meat in the product (p<0.05). Although the level of oxytetracycline residue in the present study was less than the permissible limit, considering the consumption of meat products in the country, it is necessary to control and monitor the presence of antibiotics in foods of animal origin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Determination of tylosin, gentamicin, and neomycin residues in distributed milk and ice-cream in Tehran by HPLC method in 2019
A. Khatami M.H. MovassaghImproper use of antibiotics, and the subsequent residues in raw animal products such as milk, can directly or indirectly cause health problems in human communities such as allergic reactions and reduce the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments. The aim of the present s MoreImproper use of antibiotics, and the subsequent residues in raw animal products such as milk, can directly or indirectly cause health problems in human communities such as allergic reactions and reduce the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments. The aim of the present study was to determine the residual levels of tylosin, gentamicin, and neomycin in milk and ice cream distributed across Tehran. A total of 125 samples, including raw milk, pasteurized and sterilized milk, traditional and pasteurized ice cream. The samples were randomly obtained from retail centers in Tehran from July to September 2019. The residual levels of tylosin, gentamicin, and neomycin were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Of the samples, tylosin, gentamicin, and neomycin were detected in 94.4%, 92.2%, and 96.6%, respectively. The highest tylosin residues in raw milk and ice cream samples was 26.72 ± 1.55 and 26.01 ± 1.55 μg/l, respectively. The highest gentamicin residues in raw milk and ice cream samples were 28.15 ± 1.29 and 28.8 ± 1.29 μg/l, respectively. The highest neomycin residues in raw milk and traditional ice cream samples were 33.46 ± 1.95 and 34.7 ±1.95 μg/l, respectively. According to the Iranian National Standard, in all tested samples the residual antibiotics were below the standard approval limit. Since most samples contained antibiotic residues, continuous monitoring of milk samples for antibiotic residues is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Development of QuEChERS method Combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of some pesticides in cucumber samples using High-performance liquid chromatography
Fatemeh Nasiri Azar Haghighat Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam Jalil KhandaghiDue to the widespread use of pesticides to protect agricultural products around the world and the accumulation of residues of these substances in plant tissue, most of the products that have been exposed to pesticides contain amounts of pesticide residues. The most popu MoreDue to the widespread use of pesticides to protect agricultural products around the world and the accumulation of residues of these substances in plant tissue, most of the products that have been exposed to pesticides contain amounts of pesticide residues. The most popular and sensitive method for determining low amounts of pesticide residues in order to find out their maximum residue levels (MRLs) in food products is the chromatographic assay. In the present study, the diazinon, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiacloprid and fenvalerate insecticides were extracted from cucumber samples by using QuEChERS method in combination with liquid-liquid microextraction and were determined by HPLC-DAD. For this purpose, the effective factors in the developed extraction method were optimized and the mentioned method was validated. Based on the results, the target analytes were successfully extracted simultaneously using 2 ml of a mixture of acetonitrile, methanol, and acetone (in the QuEChERS step). Further, the highest efficiency in the second extraction step was obtained using 65 µl of hexanol and 15% NaCl. The LOD between 0.36 and 0.57 ng/g, high repeatability in the range of 3.6 to 6.8 (based on the RSD%), and extraction recovery of analytes in the range of 76 to 84% of the developed method's merit figures indicate the method's high capability in extracting particular pesticides. Overall, the procedure described in this study is a simple and cheap method and has a good ability to extract the desired pesticides from cucumber samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Effect of different processing stages of commercial fruit leather on patulin reduction
M.H Eskandari هاشم , Montaseri GH Mesbahi علیرضا TaheriYaganeh ، مهرداد Niakousari سمیه Karami Fruit leather (Lavashak) is a high consumption food product especially among children in Iran. This product is being manufactured by low quality fruits that usually are contaminated with molds and patulin mycotoxin. The objective of this study was to More Fruit leather (Lavashak) is a high consumption food product especially among children in Iran. This product is being manufactured by low quality fruits that usually are contaminated with molds and patulin mycotoxin. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of industrial processing stages of leather production (including pre-heating, filtration, evaporation, formulation and final heat boiling and drying) on reduction of patulin level. Samples were taken for analysis prior and following each processing steps and patulin level was determined using HPLC technique. The results indicated that the maximum reduction of patulin level was ooccurred during formulation and evaporation steps which was estimated at 24.60 and 18.20%, respectively. Meanwhilewhile after drying, filtration, and pre-heating processes, the main loss of patulin was 8.58, 3.82 and 2.48%, respectively. It was concluded that the amount of residual patulin in final product was higher than 40% of its primary concentration. Besides, various processing stages were found insufficient to eliminate all of patulin or to reduce its level to lower than the maximum acceptable limit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigation of antioxidant activity and application of HPLC technique for analysis of phenolic compounds of Amygdalus haussknechtii leaf extract
Ali Asghar Hatamnia Rabie SharifiThis study was conducted to investigate antioxidant compounds contents and antioxidant activity of three Amygdalus haussknechtii genotypes in the natural habitat of Ilam Province. Total phenolic content was measured using Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidant act MoreThis study was conducted to investigate antioxidant compounds contents and antioxidant activity of three Amygdalus haussknechtii genotypes in the natural habitat of Ilam Province. Total phenolic content was measured using Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity was estimated by two methods, namely DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1- picrylhydrazyl) and nitric oxide radical scavenging. High- performance chromatography was used for quantitative estimation of the phenolic compounds. Results showed that antioxidant activity of leaf extract of H3 genotype was significantly higher than that of H1 and H2 genotypes. The high antioxidant activity can be attributed to higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents, so that high correlation coefficient was observed between total phenolic content and DPPH and nitric oxide radical scavenging, R = 0.902 and R= 0.806, respectively. Analyzing the phenolic compounds by HPLC method indicated that catechin, sinapic acid, quercetin, and apigenin were found in H3 genotype. Also, apigenin compound was observe in all three investigated genotypes. Generally, the results suggested that leaf extract of H3 genotype with high phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity can be presented as a source of natural antioxidant and used in pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Extraction and determination of flavonoid compounds kaempferol and quercetin in petals of Rosa damascene Mill. from North and North eastern Regions of Iran
Jaimand, جایمند Rezaee, M.B M.H Asareh S.R Tabaei Aghdaei سعیده Meshkyzadeh,Flavonoid components are the largest phenolic groups in nature. Kaempferol, quercetin has medicinal effects againts viruses and cancer cells. In f this research for extraction and determination of flavonoid compounds kaempferol and Quercetin in petals of Rosa damascena MoreFlavonoid components are the largest phenolic groups in nature. Kaempferol, quercetin has medicinal effects againts viruses and cancer cells. In f this research for extraction and determination of flavonoid compounds kaempferol and Quercetin in petals of Rosa damascena from north and north eastern of Iran, samples were collected in research Institute of Forest and Rangelands. Fresh flower petals were extracting and were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two flavonoids kaempferol and quercetin glycoside compounds were extracted from 7 samples. The highest kaempferol content were obtained from Mazanderan 758ppm, Golestan 354ppm, and Cemnan 1, 349ppm, and the lowest from Gilan, 243ppm, Khorasan 2, 245ppm, and Khorasan 1, 283ppm. The highest quercetin glucoside contents were obtained from Khorasan 2, 2763ppm, Golestan, 617ppm, and Khorasan 1, 266ppm, and lowest were from Cemnan 1, 100 ppm, Gilan 174 ppm, and Mazanderan 204 ppm. According to the results best samples were from Khorasan 2 (245ppm kaempferol, 2763ppm quercetin), Golestan (354ppm kaempferol, 617ppm quercetin) and Khorasan 1 (283ppm kaempferol, 266 ppm quercetin). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Extraction and compare of Oleuropin compound in olea europaea L. in three province state of Gilan, Tehran and Fars
Jaimand, جایمند M.B Rezaee, A.N Ashtiany مصطفی GolipoorPhenolic compounds in Olive fruits are important factors to consider in order to evaluate the quality of virgin Olive oil. Several studies concerning phenolic compounds in the Olive have already been carried out. Oleuropein, have pharmacological properties which have a MorePhenolic compounds in Olive fruits are important factors to consider in order to evaluate the quality of virgin Olive oil. Several studies concerning phenolic compounds in the Olive have already been carried out. Oleuropein, have pharmacological properties which have a antibiotic and antiviral effects. In this research, we study about determination of oleuropein in leaf and fruits of Olea europaea L. from three province of Gilan, Tehran and Fars are colected. After collection of samples in every months for leaves and fruits from June up to December, samples are dried and Extraction was with methanol and determinded by HPLC. In this study, oleuropein in leaves from three proviance of Gilan, Tehran and Fars are 39217, 33665 and 31311 ppm in January respectly, and in fruits are 35328 and 29740 ppm in July and 22095 ppm in September, respectly. These amounts shows that highest are in Gilan provience and Fars have a lowest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Quantitative and qualitative extraction of stevioside from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. using solid phase molecularly imprinted technique
somayeh aghabeyk Maziar Ahmadi Golsefidi mohammad hadi soleimaniStevia rebaudiana Bertoni. with non-calorie steviol glycoside is an effective drug to decrease of blood glucose in treat of diabetics. The goal of this study is obtaining of a novel method in order to a quantitative and qualitative extraction of stevio MoreStevia rebaudiana Bertoni. with non-calorie steviol glycoside is an effective drug to decrease of blood glucose in treat of diabetics. The goal of this study is obtaining of a novel method in order to a quantitative and qualitative extraction of stevioside as a non-calorie sweetener from Stevia. In this study the dry leaves of Stevia was prepared from Golsaran Shomal company and then in order to extraction of stevioside a solid phase molecularly imprinted extractor was prepared and some parameters affective on extraction of stevioside were optimized. An acrylate functional monomer and a cross linker were used to preparation of stevioside extractor polymer. Functional monomer to cross linker ratio and size and fining degree of the extractor were studied and evaluated. In this study analysis of the stevioside beside of HPLC was accrued by polarography method .The best ratio of functional monomer to cross linker was obtained in 0.2, also the best polymer particle size was obtained in 1000 micron for extraction of stevioside by the extractor and the amount of stevioside was determined 11.6% w/w in this plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Investigating the antioxidant properties of grape seed extracts of Iranian varieties and evaluating the antimicrobial effect on pathogenic pathogens isolated from poultry
Sayed Ahmad Nourbakhsh Ebrahim RahimiThe aim of the present study is to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of hydro alcoholic and aqueous extracts of grape seed varieties on Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms isolated from poultry meat. 94 poultry meat samples including ch MoreThe aim of the present study is to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of hydro alcoholic and aqueous extracts of grape seed varieties on Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms isolated from poultry meat. 94 poultry meat samples including chicken, quail, turkey and ostrich were randomly collected from sales centers of Isfahan province. Microorganisms were identified by biochemical tests. Aqueous and hydro alcoholic extracts of grape seeds of black alfi, black gohari, black shahani, Rish-Baba, Shasat-arus and Rooster tail varieties were prepared by soaking method. Antimicrobial properties of hydro alcoholic and aqueous extracts of grape seeds were investigated by disk diffusion and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) methods. The antioxidant property of the extracts was evaluated by DPPH method and the IC50 value was calculated. The phenolic compounds present in aqueous and hydro alcoholic extracts of grape seeds were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The frequency of Arcobacter butzleri, Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus was 11.45%, 17.70%, 1.04% and 16.66%, respectively. The antimicrobial effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of grape seed was higher on gram positive bacteria in both methods. Alcoholic extracts had more antimicrobial effect than aqueous extracts, Rish-Baba grape showed the most antimicrobial effect. The highest percentage of DPPH in hydro alcoholic extracts is related to black alfi and Rish-Baba grape seed extracts, and in aqueous extracts of black alfi and black shahani grape seeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - بررسی اثر شرایط اقلیمی بر غلظت استویوزید در استویای تولید شده در مناطق مختلف ایران و بهینه سازی شرایط استخراج استویوزید
آلاله نیکوئی محمد حجت الاسلامی جواد کرامت حسین کیانیمقدمه و هدف: با توجه به افزایش بیماری‌هایی از جمله دیابت و چاقی امروزه استفاده از جایگزین‌های ساکارز برای تولید محصولات کم کالری و بدون قند مورد توجه پژوهشگران و صنعتگران قرار گرفته است. در این میان استویوزید با شیرینی 300 برابر نسبت به ساکارز Moreمقدمه و هدف: با توجه به افزایش بیماری‌هایی از جمله دیابت و چاقی امروزه استفاده از جایگزین‌های ساکارز برای تولید محصولات کم کالری و بدون قند مورد توجه پژوهشگران و صنعتگران قرار گرفته است. در این میان استویوزید با شیرینی 300 برابر نسبت به ساکارز با توجه به طبیعی بودن آن دارای جایگاه ویژه ای می‌باشد. هدف از اینپژوهش بهینه سازی شرایط استخراج استویوزید از برگ‌های گیاه استویا (میزان حلال، دما و زمان) و بررسی اقلیم‌های متفاوت بر روی میزان غلظت استویوزید می‌باشد. روش تحقیق: در ابتدا بهینه سازی استخراج استویوزید (میزان حلال، دما و زمان) صورت گرفته سپس نتایج بر روی گیاهان پرورش یافته در سه ناحیه با اقلیم متفاوت (اصفهان: معتدل و کوهستانی، شهرکرد: سرد و کوهستانی و شیراز: گرم و کوهستانی) اعمال شد و در نهایت میزان غلظت استویوزید با استفاده از کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده بهترین شرایط استخراج در مدت زمان 120 دقیقه، دمای 50 درجه سانتی‌گراد و حجم 160 میلی‌لیتر از حلال (اتانول) می‌باشد؛ درادامهبااعمالایننتایجبررویگیاهانرشددادهشدهدرسه شهراصفهان،شیرازوشهرکردنتایج بدست آمده نشان داد کهشرایطاقلیمیمی­تواند تاثیرگذار بررویمحصولباشدبهطوریکهدراینمیان گیاهان پرورش یافته در اصفهانبیشترینسطحوراندمانتولیدتندرهکتارودرمقابلازبیشترینناخالصیبرخوردارمی‌باشد در حالیکه گیاهان پرورش یافته در شیراز دارای کمترین راندمان تولید تن در هکتار و دارای خلوص بالا می‌باشند. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی:با توجه به بالا رفتن مصرف شیرین­کننده­ی استویوزید و همچنین قیمت بالای شیرین­کننده­ی فوق، کشت و پرورش آن در کشور امری مهم محسوب می‌شود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان­دهنده­ی تحقق کشت این گیاه در کشور و استخراج شیرین­کننده­ی استویوزید با استفاده از حلال می‌باشد؛ با این حال انجام پژوهش‌های بیشتر بر روی روش‌های استخراج دیگر نیز امری ضروری و مهم می‌باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - اندازه‌گیری افلوکساسین با روش میکرواستخراج امولسیون‌سازی به کمک امواج فراصوت به‌وسیله دستگاه کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا
ندا کلیایی پروین شهدوستی محمد آقامحمدی
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