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Open Access Article
1 - One Civilization and Two Interpretations: Rereading Two Works by Abdulḥusayn Zarrinkub: Du Qarn Sukut and Karnami-yi Islam
سیاوش ShohaniIslamic historiography has been full of ups and downs, and has beenaffected by many social and historical parameters, to such an extentthat some of these parameters, in the same way as a historicaldiscourse, have created a historiographical era. AbdulḥusaynZarrinkub&rsq MoreIslamic historiography has been full of ups and downs, and has beenaffected by many social and historical parameters, to such an extentthat some of these parameters, in the same way as a historicaldiscourse, have created a historiographical era. AbdulḥusaynZarrinkub’s works on the history of Iran at first centuries of Islamicperiod were of great importance and authority in academies in Iran.Du Qarn Sukut, written in thirties (Persian calendar), his most famouswork, presents a different account in comparison with Karnami-yiIslam, written in fifties. In his first account, Zarrinkub attacks theachievements of Islamic civilization in two first centuries, andconsiders Arab conquest as the reason of Persian’s misfortune; whilein his second account, admires this civilization, and considers thisencounter as a reason for flourishing and fruitfulness of bothcivilizations. This article tries to compare these two accounts ofIslamic civilization, and examine the aforementioned contradictionhermeneutically. Manuscript profile -
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L. Isavand M. Tohidfam -
Open Access Article
3 - Globalization and the Role of Media on the Emergence of Students’ Collective Identity
Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi Borzou Morovvat -
Open Access Article
4 - Investigation and analysis of the semantic component of homeland and love in poems Golchin Gilani and Gibran Khalil Gibran
sakine saremi geraviThe change and transformation of political, social and emotional conditions and also modernism and industrial progress are effective in evoking the strange sense of alienation. Nostalgia includes things such as being away from the land, being away from the lover, memori MoreThe change and transformation of political, social and emotional conditions and also modernism and industrial progress are effective in evoking the strange sense of alienation. Nostalgia includes things such as being away from the land, being away from the lover, memories of childhood and youth, loss of values, migration, and the mythological past. Many poets and writers have displayed different forms of this strange feeling; Among these Persian and Arabic poets, Golchin Gilani and Gibran Khalil Gibran can be mentioned. The hypothesis of this research is that although these two poets have a common point of view and opinion, they have not been influenced by each other, and this research is based on the American school. In this research, relying on the analytical-descriptive and library method, we are going to examine the way of expressing the feelings and emotions of Golchin Gilani's nostalgia and Gibran Khalil Gibran.The change and transformation of political, social and emotional conditions and also modernism and industrial progress are effective in evoking the strange sense of alienation. Nostalgia includes things such as being away from the land, being away from the lover, memories of childhood and youth, loss of values, migration, and the mythological past. Many poets and writers have displayed different forms of this strange feeling; Among these Persian and Arabic poets, Golchin Gilani and Gibran Khalil Gibran can be mentioned. The hypothesis of this research is that although these two poets have a common point of view a. Manuscript profile -
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5 - A Comparative Study of Two Blood Droplets in Parvin’s poetry and Trilelo’s Three Droplets’ Debate
Mehdi Momtahen Mahboobeh BahmaniThis study aims to analyze the debate between two blood drops in Parvin poetry and then to compare it with Trilelo’s three blood droplets debate, which is said to be the inspirator of the Parvin’s debate and in this way to pick a cluster of Pa MoreThis study aims to analyze the debate between two blood drops in Parvin poetry and then to compare it with Trilelo’s three blood droplets debate, which is said to be the inspirator of the Parvin’s debate and in this way to pick a cluster of Parvin’s thoughts. Parvin has lived in the emotional and spiritual environment of the Orient, an environment in which the treasure could not be reached without toil. Eastern conduct is based on toil and for this reason Parvin’s poetry has been faced by prolixity, whereas in the poetry of Trilelo we face the brevity of western conduct. Stating his feelings, Trilelo only goes within an internal conduct, but Parvin in her debate, in addition of an internal conduct, tries to approach to a social content and to reach from mysticism to justice. In fact, her poetry is a loop of the chain of fight against the oppression. Therefore, the poetry of Parvin is more developed and has more profundity. Manuscript profile -
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6 - Iraq’s Aggression against Iran and Kuwait and its Reflection in the Poetry of the Two Countries
Seyed Ebrahim ArmanThe two Muslim countries of Iran and Kuwait have witnessed a pain-ful aggression from the part of Saddam dictatorial regime. Saddam’s attack to Iran leaded to an 8 year imposed war, which is called Persian Gulf 1st War. His attack to Kuwait leaded to invasion of MoreThe two Muslim countries of Iran and Kuwait have witnessed a pain-ful aggression from the part of Saddam dictatorial regime. Saddam’s attack to Iran leaded to an 8 year imposed war, which is called Persian Gulf 1st War. His attack to Kuwait leaded to invasion of the country and finally the greatest war of the contemporary era after 2nd world War, which is called Persian Gulf 2nd War. The bitter events and anti-human-istic crimes of the former Iraqi regime against these two neighbor coun-tries are innumerable. The present study is to probe into the common subject matters of the poetry of the two countries, from a critical and analytical viewpoint and via conducting a comparative analysis of the resistance poetry, which appeared during and after war in the contem-porary literature of Iran and Kuwait. It is hoped that the present study paves the way for comparative investigation of other common fields of the contemporary literature of Iran and Persian Gulf countries, which have a great history of cultural and economic cooperation. Manuscript profile -
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7 - Comparative Study on Anti – Colonialism in Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini and Bahar’s Poetries
Reza Mousa Abadi Mahdi Norouz Batoul Fakhr IslamColonialism is one of the phenomena which most orient countries and nations have always been faced with; thus attentive and capable human especially artists and literary men had fought colonization and colonialists by the weapon of poetry. Since colonization maneuvers a MoreColonialism is one of the phenomena which most orient countries and nations have always been faced with; thus attentive and capable human especially artists and literary men had fought colonization and colonialists by the weapon of poetry. Since colonization maneuvers are various, thus the fighting methods should be different, diverse and appropriate. The present article studies anti – colonialism phenomenon based on literary school of East Europe and surveys Maleko-Sho'arā Bahār and Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini’s viewpoint about anti – colonialism in their poetries comparatively with the librarian method. The researches of the article show both poets versed about anti – colonialism in various ways and offered similar maneuvers to fight it which the most important ones are informing people, inviting them to unity and integration, contemning by satire and motivating people to returning to Islamic culture. Manuscript profile -
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8 - The Ideas of Love, Patriotism, and Freedom in Gibran Khalil Gibran and Gheysar Aminpoor’s Works
Seyyed Hosein Seyyedi Sakine Saremi GeraviFreedom, patriotism, and love are the most important sources and components of imagery in classical and contemporary literary writings in the form of poetry and prose. The poets, Gibran Khalil Gibran and Gheysar Aminpoor, influenced by their socio-political milieu and t MoreFreedom, patriotism, and love are the most important sources and components of imagery in classical and contemporary literary writings in the form of poetry and prose. The poets, Gibran Khalil Gibran and Gheysar Aminpoor, influenced by their socio-political milieu and the spirit of the age, developed such subjects and themes as patriotism, nature, freedom, love, pain, and politics, among many others. This article attempts a comparative analysis of the views of Gibran and Aminpoor, taking into account and reflecting their intellectual differences and similarities. This study treats several hypotheses. First, Gibran and Aminpoor have many similarities in thought. Second, both poets are romantic and nostalgic. Third, such components as freedom, love, and patriotism are clearly reflected in their poems. The study concludes that these two poets have many individual and professional characteristics and features in common. Manuscript profile -
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9 - Application of Satire Method in Nasim – e Shomal and Ibrahim Tuqan's Poetries
Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi Masoumeh Haji AmoushaThe patriotism concepts would manifest in those nations' literature in which aggression had happened. Iran and Palestine are of countries which have experienced aliens' invasion in recent century; both countries poets were attended to defend the Islamic identity and nat MoreThe patriotism concepts would manifest in those nations' literature in which aggression had happened. Iran and Palestine are of countries which have experienced aliens' invasion in recent century; both countries poets were attended to defend the Islamic identity and national authority. There were few poets in that era whose poets were based on satire; that's why public were interested in their works. The present article which has been done in descriptive – analytic method studies the application of satire method in Nasim – e Shomal and Ibrahim Tuqan's Poetries; some common concepts such as patriotism, regret for the present conditions of the country and criticizing the action of betrayers have been surveyed. Manuscript profile -
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10 - Manifestation of Fighting against Injustice In some Contemporary Authors
Nayyereh MohammadiAt the beginning of fourteenth century (1300 afterward) and the consequences of Mashrouteh era and the "modernization or structure" process are part of the potentials of traditional taboos breaking. In that era the authors – specially the playwrights – start MoreAt the beginning of fourteenth century (1300 afterward) and the consequences of Mashrouteh era and the "modernization or structure" process are part of the potentials of traditional taboos breaking. In that era the authors – specially the playwrights – started to write their stories in modern Western method. If the roots of Iran's culture are paid attention, the happiness and gladness are known as its fundamental basics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Comparison of Resistance Literature in Ali Fodeh and Farrokhi Yazdi
Tayebeh Fadavi Masoud Bavan Pouri Narges LorestaniResistance literature is one of the most important cultural barricades for the subordinate nations. This term has always applied with anti-oppression and reminds it. This type of literature is of a long history and background which owns special manifestation because of MoreResistance literature is one of the most important cultural barricades for the subordinate nations. This term has always applied with anti-oppression and reminds it. This type of literature is of a long history and background which owns special manifestation because of the injustice and oppression on Muslim countries and the wars. Iran and Palestine are two significant samples of these types of countries. Ali Fodeh is one of the poets who pays special attention to Palestine. Farrokhi Yazdi is also an Iranian poet who fought against oppression for his nation by his poetry, national ambition and identification, patriotism, critic to the chaos of the society and attempt to awaken people's mind are common concepts in both poets' poetries. The present research tries to survey concepts of resistance literature in abovementioned poets in descriptive – analytical method based on American school of comparative literature. Manuscript profile -
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12 - Malek Al-Shoara Bahar and Ibrahim Toghan
Ali Salimi Peyman SalehiSince the countries of Iran and Palestine have historically undergone many events, the literature of resistance has become widely popular in these countries. Poetic expression of patriotism, fighting against colonialism and oppression and sacrificing for MoreSince the countries of Iran and Palestine have historically undergone many events, the literature of resistance has become widely popular in these countries. Poetic expression of patriotism, fighting against colonialism and oppression and sacrificing for the sake of home has been among the prominent features of this literary type. In many occasions in their books of poems the liberal Iranian poetMalekal-ShoaraBahar and the nationalist Palestinian poet Ibrahim Toghan perfectly show the patriotism and sacrificing for one’s hometown. Therefore their political and social poetry has many things in common. Manuscript profile -
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13 - Analysis of Social Realism in the Poetry of Contemporary Poets; Emphasizing a Few Poets
Leila Gholi Pouri Arash Moshfeghi Naser AlizadehIn every era, the greats and intellectuals of the time have sought to find a new solution to the problems and complexities of their world in order to get rid of the existing bottlenecks of time, and poetry is one of the important tools in the service of this though. Rea MoreIn every era, the greats and intellectuals of the time have sought to find a new solution to the problems and complexities of their world in order to get rid of the existing bottlenecks of time, and poetry is one of the important tools in the service of this though. Realism and hyperrealism are two important elements of the poetry of contemporary poets. And documenting in general, recording, interpreting and narrating the personal experiences of the individual and transforming and referring it to various social, political, economic aspects is a context of language that has been full of initiative and experience. Realism is a literary school that became popular in Europe and the United States between 1880 and 1850. The most important feature of realist works is that it presents man as a social being and seeks the root of all his good and bad behaviors in society. The school of realism is one of the schools that depict the problems of the individual and society like a mirror and the author does not include his personal opinions in it. Most contemporary poets, as writers of realism, have been able to express and depict the poverty and problems of the people and their struggle to continue poetry. Manuscript profile -
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14 - Comparative Study on Nostalgia Approach in Akhavan and Nazik al-Malaika's poetries
Monir Zibaei"Nostalgia" is known as one of the alive subjects in psychology as well as in the field of literature and as Arabic and Persian contemporary poets' topics. Sigh, yearning and thinking about old good days could be seen frequently in Nazik al-Malaika and Mehdi Akhavan Sal More"Nostalgia" is known as one of the alive subjects in psychology as well as in the field of literature and as Arabic and Persian contemporary poets' topics. Sigh, yearning and thinking about old good days could be seen frequently in Nazik al-Malaika and Mehdi Akhavan Saless's poetries. Positions, life and society situations, thoughts and emotions and being familiar with many other poets caused strong nostalgia sense excitation. This article intends to study nostalgia manifestation in abovementioned poets' works in analytical – descriptive method. The results show that yearning on childhood, historical and mythical past, homesickness, death and being far away from utopia are of the most frequency in their poetries. Manuscript profile -
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15 - Study and explanation of the concepts of Wataniat in the poetry of immigrant poets, before and after the constitution
Elah Yar Rezaei Bogi Mehdi Famouri Mohammad Hadi KhaleqzadehThe purpose of this article is to study and explain the concepts of Wataniat in the poetry of immigrant poets, before and after the constitution. The method in this research is descriptive-analytical and it is a library method. The results show that the theme of the hom MoreThe purpose of this article is to study and explain the concepts of Wataniat in the poetry of immigrant poets, before and after the constitution. The method in this research is descriptive-analytical and it is a library method. The results show that the theme of the homeland and its branches from the third century AH to the early fourteenth century in Persian poetry was in the sense of the birthplace of poets and poems written with this theme has been used to describe the birthplace of poets or their grief of being away from their homeland. Of course, in the poetry of mystical poets, in addition to this concept, it also had mystical concepts. After the Constitutional Revolution, due to developments inside and outside Iran, Iranians' familiarity with Western culture, the spread of the printing industry and consequently expansion of newspapers and magazines and the promotion of social consciousness, a new concept of homeland as a cultural element was entered the Persian poetry and literature. It not only had the meaning of birthplace but also included the geographical territory or the country itself. Manuscript profile -
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16 - The comparative study in Nostalogic poems of nima & jibran
Mahdi Momtahen Hassan Majidi Sakineh SaremiAbstract Nostalgia or « sad exile" in terms of psychology, envy, and blue is a man of his past. It felt as manifestations of the unconscious in human behavior will emerge. Poverty, migration, away from home and ... In making this feel is effective. Many poets and MoreAbstract Nostalgia or « sad exile" in terms of psychology, envy, and blue is a man of his past. It felt as manifestations of the unconscious in human behavior will emerge. Poverty, migration, away from home and ... In making this feel is effective. Many poets and writers, as many of these feelings are displayed, including the poet Gibran Khalil Gibran and be named Nima Yooshij. Gibran Khalil Gibran (1883 - 1931 AD) was born in Lebanon. One of the most gifted and talented poets of the Romantic school of the principles of freedom of romanticism, naturalism, and historical journey is evident in his poetry, and Nima Yooshij (1274 - 1338 AD. Sh) Yoosh, village Noor was born in Mazandaran. Ability of contemporary poets and Persian literature of the social and political poems he has left have been forced into political exile 3 - both are romantic poet. The comparative study of American schools because no symmetry between the poet and the historical connection between them that is, their work is the implementation and evaluation. This paper is a comparative work nostalgic feelings and emotions expressed in how compensation is paid Yooshij Khalil Gibran and Nima. Manuscript profile -
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17 - Investigating the Sustainability Effects in Palestinian and Algerian Women's Poems
Mina Sadat Amir Aftabi Amineh SoleimaniPalestine's issue is known as the tragedy of today's world undoubtedly is now considered as one of the most important subjects in international meetings and governmental organizations. In addition, the Algerian colonization by the French and their crimes against th MorePalestine's issue is known as the tragedy of today's world undoubtedly is now considered as one of the most important subjects in international meetings and governmental organizations. In addition, the Algerian colonization by the French and their crimes against the Algerians and their liberation revolution have been widely reflected in the two nations' literature. Women, as a part of society, were also influenced by its political, social and cultural developments, and played their part with all their might. Therefore, in this research, the poetry of Palestinian and Algerian women during the resistance has been studied by descriptive – analytical method and concepts as patriotism, call to fight, accusation of leaders and blaming Balfour Declaration on their poetries are surveyed. Manuscript profile -
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18 - A Comparative Study of the Common Themes of Women in Ghada Al-Saman and Parvin Etesami's poetries
Saeedeh Mirhaghjoo Langroudi Fatemeh Ali Nejad ChamazaktiGhada Al-Saman is a Syrian contemporary poet that wife, love, discrimination and anti-prejudice are the main themes of most of his poems. He is best known around the world as a writer. Parvin Etesami is an Iranian poet whose poems express love for humanity, freedom, soc MoreGhada Al-Saman is a Syrian contemporary poet that wife, love, discrimination and anti-prejudice are the main themes of most of his poems. He is best known around the world as a writer. Parvin Etesami is an Iranian poet whose poems express love for humanity, freedom, social justice, science, art and love for the deprived and suffering strata of society. This study examines the biographies and poems of two women poets and enumerates the similarities and differences in themes and concludes how two poets in two close periods of time can be so similar and through the lens of emotion of these two women look at the world and the issues in it, and achieve the new and innovative ideas in the adaptation between Persian and Arabic literature. Manuscript profile -
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19 - A Comparative Study of Patriotism in the Poems of Iqbal Lahouri and Khalil Mataran
Safiollah Kord Abdulmalek KordIqbal Lahouri and Khalil Mataran are from Pakistan and Lebanon. These two poets have written poems about patriotism that call people away from boundless patriotism but also to unity and solidarity under one flag to get rid of oppression and to help all of them. In this MoreIqbal Lahouri and Khalil Mataran are from Pakistan and Lebanon. These two poets have written poems about patriotism that call people away from boundless patriotism but also to unity and solidarity under one flag to get rid of oppression and to help all of them. In this analytical-descriptive study, by examining the divan of two poets, we want to reach an agreement between these two poets. Iqbal says that if all people turn to a beloved Hejazi and follow him, love for the homeland will not only lead to the place where people live and will turn into love in a large society that includes all Muslims. This study has tried to help people in understanding the content mentioned by the poets by collecting and integrating the content so that the mission of the poets can be done well and also the people of community can use it. Manuscript profile -
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20 - A Comparative Study of the Homeland Theme in the Poems of Mohammad Taghi Bahar and Hafez Ebrahim
Ibrahim Fallah Mohammadreza HajiyanMalek al-Sho'arai Bahar and Hafez Ibrahim are two literates that homeland and patriotism are so obvious in their poems. Therefore, in this research, it is tried to make a comparative study of the patriotic and national poems of these two poets about the homeland, relyin MoreMalek al-Sho'arai Bahar and Hafez Ibrahim are two literates that homeland and patriotism are so obvious in their poems. Therefore, in this research, it is tried to make a comparative study of the patriotic and national poems of these two poets about the homeland, relying on the American school of comparative literature which does not consider the condition of adaptation as just the existence of fields of influence and regret. A comparative study of the poems of these two poets shows that patriotism and love to homeland are prominent manifestations of their ideas. The patriotic approach in his poems is so wide that it has become a stylistic and decisive element in the content and linguistic level of their poetry. The most important common themes that the two poets express about homeland and patriotism are: love and affection for the homeland, nostalgia for the homeland from which they are far away, struggle against colonialism, pride in the history and background of the homeland and effort to restore authority and past honor, condemnation of the rulers who do not pay attention to the affairs of the country. Manuscript profile -
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21 - Comparative Study on Homeland in Muthaffar Al-Nawab and Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini ’s Poetries
Mahdi Ramshini Fariborz Hossein Janzadeh Sarasti Mohammad Shaygan MehrMuthaffar Al-Nawab and Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini, nicknamed North Breeze (Nasim e Shomal), have patriotic and libertarian tendencies and enjoy almost the same tactics to support the homeland and fight against colonialism and tyranny. Both live in an age where the politi MoreMuthaffar Al-Nawab and Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini, nicknamed North Breeze (Nasim e Shomal), have patriotic and libertarian tendencies and enjoy almost the same tactics to support the homeland and fight against colonialism and tyranny. Both live in an age where the political, social, and literary atmosphere of their countries are very similar. They consider literature as a means of enlightening society and apply it for this very purpose, and used poetry, music, and aesthetic elements to convey their message to their audiences. They both love their compatriots and have awareness, awakening, and responsibility. Each has his own worldview and thoughts, and the secret of their penetrating words is recognizing the literary taste of their compatriots and expressing the issues and problems of the masses. The two are constantly pursuing their ideal community; a society that is free from oppression and discrimination and encourages everyone to achieve it, and does not tolerate oppression and discrimination against human beings, and acts to eradicate it with their thoughts and pens. Manuscript profile -
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22 - Patriotism and women in the Palestinian Struggle in the poetry of Abu Salma
shahreyar hemmati behnam bagheri hadi jahedعبد الکریم الکرمی الملقب بأبی سلمی شاعر فلسطینی رائع فی الأدب العربی المعاصر، وهو یعشق جمال المرأة ویتغنی بوصفه حسب الوصفات الممیزة ونظرته الجمالیة المتّسمة. یمتزج الحب فی شعره امتزاجاً کلیاً بین الهجر والوصال وبین الواقع والخیال. فی هذه الدراسة؛ نتابع النواحی الجمالیة Moreعبد الکریم الکرمی الملقب بأبی سلمی شاعر فلسطینی رائع فی الأدب العربی المعاصر، وهو یعشق جمال المرأة ویتغنی بوصفه حسب الوصفات الممیزة ونظرته الجمالیة المتّسمة. یمتزج الحب فی شعره امتزاجاً کلیاً بین الهجر والوصال وبین الواقع والخیال. فی هذه الدراسة؛ نتابع النواحی الجمالیة فی المرأة ونقف موقف توصیفاته فی کل حرف من الحروف الدالة علی الأنوثة بعاطفة مشبعة صادقة، ونعالج التداخل المتجاوب بین الحب والوطنیة فی خطابه الشعری. کل تلک الأوصاف یندمج ضمن الإطار الرومانتیکی وهو هائم مع الأحلام یتغزل، بید أنه کان یعیش فی فلسطین وتأثّر من حوادث النکبة وبعد النکبة الفلسطینیّة، تأخذ أشعاره أبعاداً جدیدة ویمتزج حبه للمرأة بحب الوطن فی مجال النضال، فنجد فی شعره مزیجاً من العاطفة والکفاح الوطنی الفلسطینی ولهذا تصبح المرأة فی رویته رفیقة کفاح ونضال. وقد تبین من خلال الدراسة أنّ الشاعر یمزج فی نفسه عشق الحبیبة والوطن فی آن واحد، ویجعل المرأة معادلاً موضوعیاً للوطن. فأخذت المرأة عند أبی سلمی، عمقاً إیحائیاً مؤثراً بما تتضمن تجسید العلاقة الثنائیة بینها وبین الوطن، فتبدو العلاقة نوعاً من حالات العشق تتوحد خلالها الذات بالوطن. Manuscript profile -
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23 - The signs of calling for awakening and progress in the poetry of Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi
javad ranjbar karim barinLove for the homeland is in the essence of all human beings and it is an undeniable feeling so that nationalism is one of the permanent topics in poets' poetry. Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi is a poet whose nationalism tendencies and attitudes are prominent in his poetry. In fa MoreLove for the homeland is in the essence of all human beings and it is an undeniable feeling so that nationalism is one of the permanent topics in poets' poetry. Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi is a poet whose nationalism tendencies and attitudes are prominent in his poetry. In fact, his poetry calls for the awakening and progress of the country. In this way, he takes advantage of issues such as the fight against colonialism and aliens, as well as honoring the status of science, art, and civilization. He sarcastically refers to the progress of the West to the people of his homeland. He pays attention to the issues of the homeland and loves his country and portrays his regret for the backwardness of his homeland in the form of abstract and metaphorical images. He complains that why his compatriots neglect their homeland while he himself sacrifices his life for his country. The present study aims to state al-Zahawi’s attention to the issue of homeland and its progress with a descriptive-analytical and library method. The results show that the poet focuses on the elements of national awakening and progress, including honoring the status of science and knowledge, resistance, anti-colonialism and patriotism. Manuscript profile -
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24 - Grief's Romantic Song: Various Motivations and Interpretations (Samples from Arab Poets)
Mohammad Hassan Omraei Gholam Abbas RezaeiArabic literature has always been full of emotional and sorrowful songs but it has been developed and some poets could accompany their poetries with sorrow. Thus the reflection of grief and sadness is obvious in their works; sadness feeling is known as a remarkable char MoreArabic literature has always been full of emotional and sorrowful songs but it has been developed and some poets could accompany their poetries with sorrow. Thus the reflection of grief and sadness is obvious in their works; sadness feeling is known as a remarkable characteristic of their works. The present paper initially studies grief's romantic song in Nazik al-Malaika, Salah Abdel Sabour, Ahmed Abdel Muti Hijazi and Badr Shakir al Sayyab's poetries as samples; and then the effective elements in emotions forming and growth are surveyed. Finally it analyzes psychological, social, philosophical and metaphysical approaches and motivations in grief's interpretation. Manuscript profile -
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25 - The Combination of Hometown and Woman's Kindness in Palestinian Combat in Abu Salma's Poetry
Shahriyar Hemmati Behnam Baqeri Hadi JahedAbdol Karim Al Karami – called Abu Salma – is one of the famous Palestinian poets and Arabic Contemporary avant – garde. He loves women's beauty and explains the prettiness by his own method. The poet combines kindness between consummation and separati MoreAbdol Karim Al Karami – called Abu Salma – is one of the famous Palestinian poets and Arabic Contemporary avant – garde. He loves women's beauty and explains the prettiness by his own method. The poet combines kindness between consummation and separation, reality and dream in general. The present article follows up the aesthetics aspects in women description and studies his descriptions in this regard. All these descriptions and explanations gather in a romantic framework. He wanders in dreams; although lived in Palestine and was affected by the country's events his poetry is lovely with new aspects and his kindness to the hometown combines with his to the woman. A combination of affection and Palestinian combat can be seen in his poetry. The results of the present paper shows the poet expresses the care to beloved and the hometown simultaneously. Manuscript profile -
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26 - A Pause with the Yemeni Present Writer, Abdelaziz AlMaqaleh, and Analysis of his Poetry
Mehdi Momtahen Seyyed Javad Hosseini NanizThe writer and professor Abdulaziz AlMaqaleh is considered one of the most contemporary writers of and outside Yemen and especially in the field of poetry and literary criticism and teaching university but he also has other literary works and intellectual and politic MoreThe writer and professor Abdulaziz AlMaqaleh is considered one of the most contemporary writers of and outside Yemen and especially in the field of poetry and literary criticism and teaching university but he also has other literary works and intellectual and political writings and has columns in newspapers and magazines in Yemen and other Arab countries. He also sang a verse of poetry in various purposes of the poetry, therefore, we find his divans, poetry collections, dealing with a variety of topics such as: praise and lamentation and the description and asceticism and mysticism, and the play and dram and the patriots and the prose poem and that to the purposes of poetry, we also note the influence of the Koran and the sciences, religion and the environment in which he lives on his poems where he used the allusion and the quotation best. On the other hand, the poet, Abdulaziz AlMaqaleh, was an epic self who worked hard in the passing of his poetry from lyrics to metaphysical poetry, a patriot who chooses a national patriotism by hiding the direct superficial meaning of this love and improving it, and from historic event to the deep dream through nostalgia for the past and its resurrection and he regarded it as a lost paradise like his lost childhood. Manuscript profile -
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27 - A Seletion of Ali Abdullah Khalifah’s Life and Literature
mehdi Momtahen Tayeb AbdaeeAli Abdullah khalifah is one of the most famous poets ofBahraini poets who is from the Romantic Party. He is skillful in both eloquent and folkloric poems known as Mawwals, and in this field three of his divans have come in; and the poet, himself, considers composingelo MoreAli Abdullah khalifah is one of the most famous poets ofBahraini poets who is from the Romantic Party. He is skillful in both eloquent and folkloric poems known as Mawwals, and in this field three of his divans have come in; and the poet, himself, considers composingeloquent and folkloric poems simultaneouslyas a gift thatfew peoplehave.In his eloquent poems, Ali Abdullah Khalifah has been highly affected by his surrounding and has composed his poems according to the place and time so that his first divan called " AninAssawari" is a visible scene and an obvious evidence of pearl hunters’ lives and their hardshipsof working that when reading, the reader envisions himself in the scene of their lives as if he has gone to the theatre and not having reada book; and his other divan," Ezaat lezakerat elwatan ", includes Bahraini political revolutions and draws popularuprisings.Ali Abdullah's poems arecombined from the symbol and reality and this combination is not free from myth. The simple symbols like  "shams(the sun, fajr(dawn),zalam (darkness), and boom(owl) have differentinterpretations and this symbolic variety has come from a valuable experiencefrom where he shows the national and human subjects in order to find solutions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Revolutionary tendency and technical Reflections in Abd al Rahim Mahmoud Poetries
Yahya Marouf Hamed Pour HeshmatiThe aim of the revolution poetry specifically resistance has been always been serving the hometown benefits and it's movement to strengthen the human nature is known as the basis of aesthetic inside human beings in order to empower it's own. The concept of Palestinian l MoreThe aim of the revolution poetry specifically resistance has been always been serving the hometown benefits and it's movement to strengthen the human nature is known as the basis of aesthetic inside human beings in order to empower it's own. The concept of Palestinian literature has been developed by starting poetry and could create new generation of resistance poets such as Abd al Rahim Mahmoud; the one who not only understood the Palestine events from the very beginning but also was deeply effective on his nation by his poems weapon. The present paper - which has been done in descriptive analytical method - aims to manifest his revolutionary tendency by images and concept he applied to awaken jihad spirit in his nation. Manuscript profile -
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29 - The description in the poet of Khalil Mardom Bak
Mehdi Momtahen Azizeh RahimiPoet Khalil Mardom Bak excellent example of the men released this statement of the era in literature and its effects. Raise high the name of his country, and he fought all his life. It was among the first to Made huge gateway luxury hair literature solid, and reported i MorePoet Khalil Mardom Bak excellent example of the men released this statement of the era in literature and its effects. Raise high the name of his country, and he fought all his life. It was among the first to Made huge gateway luxury hair literature solid, and reported it, Was link between the ancient and the modern, money to the description, the collection of delicacies and say Beautiful images images, And presented in a beautiful dress and best costume, and tough for the sake of it is not what our generation profoundly regret the loss of sources, and the scarcity of cupboards, and lack of culture, and the diminutive education, drier springs. This article is a study on the life of poet Khalil Mardom Bak and his penchant for description, nature and art, and a few in the national tour of his poet and important source is the Divan poet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Palestine and its manifestations in the poetry of Fadwa Toukan resistant
Seyede Roghaye Mahdi NezhadResistance poem is a committed poem which is not at the service of despotic ruling system interests and its desires and expresses all issues with explicit language without consideration of innovation and fantasy. There is no complexity in the resistance poem. It does no MoreResistance poem is a committed poem which is not at the service of despotic ruling system interests and its desires and expresses all issues with explicit language without consideration of innovation and fantasy. There is no complexity in the resistance poem. It does not specify truth and does not inform its audience unless the political suffrage dominate the poem then the poet’s goals are expressed by symbolic images. Therefore, the resistance poem is a kind of committed literature that its educational purpose is essential to communicate the poets’ message. The poem teaches the audiences how resist against despotic ruler and their resistance principles. Truly, the Palestinian poet in occupied Palestine suffered from the Zionists occupation. The Arabian league is against all who desire the holly word, freedom, and all things which may lead to its freedom. If Arab nations librated themselves from their government’s system the Palestine freedom will become possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - A Study of the Artistic and Social Aspects of the homeland in Bahreini Contemporary Poetry
Samad MomeniThose who took home after social were divided into two categories: First are the ones who took the women and the home from the perspective of internal passionate, we see their interest in the home naive and emotional, and the second are those who have mad MoreThose who took home after social were divided into two categories: First are the ones who took the women and the home from the perspective of internal passionate, we see their interest in the home naive and emotional, and the second are those who have made its intellectual aspect the basis of their experiment, so, we see their interest in the home and its humanitarian issues deeper and more and they put their main interest in women and the nature, and especially made it in the service of the homeland and human; And most of their Poets got active in the field of social, religious, political, and ethical reform and worked in education, we name among them Abdollah Zayed, the owner of first newspaper in Bahrain, and Abdorrahman Moaawedah, and Ghasem Ashsharghawi, and Sayyed Razdi Almoosawi, and Molla Atdyyah Aljamry, and Mobarak Khatder, ans Alshshaykh Mansoor Ashshahabi and many other ones, and it should be noted that we count the features of their poetry experiences, including: Declamatory Style, Facts Follow-up, Quick occasions and their educational and ethical aim. This article aims to a study of the artistic and social aspects of the homeland in the poetry of the poets whom we have named above. Manuscript profile -
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32 - A study on Nostalgia and its Aspects in Mahmoud Darvish's Poetries
Ahmad Reza Yalameha Moslem RajabiThe term nostalgia – or homesickness – is one of the psychology expressions which entered the literature. Motherland is the subject that has been selected as the main theme by Mahmoud Darvish and made him famous. His poets are about homesickness, childhood s MoreThe term nostalgia – or homesickness – is one of the psychology expressions which entered the literature. Motherland is the subject that has been selected as the main theme by Mahmoud Darvish and made him famous. His poets are about homesickness, childhood sweet period, being far away from friends and relatives as well as social and economic disorders. The present paper attempts to study Darvish's poetries in descriptive – analytical method in order to introduce the concept of nostalgia and its references in his poetries. Manuscript profile -
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33 - Manifestation of Iranian & Egyptian Hometown and their Issues in Nasim – e Shomal and Ahmad Moharram's Poetries
Mousa Arabi Kowsar Taqvaei Far Seyyed Fazlollah MirghaderiThe present paper studies parts of commitment poetry in Iran and Egypt in constitutional era and tries to unwrap the role of that era's poets who attempted to express their countries situation and events. Nasim – e Shomal and Ahmad Moharram were two of those poets MoreThe present paper studies parts of commitment poetry in Iran and Egypt in constitutional era and tries to unwrap the role of that era's poets who attempted to express their countries situation and events. Nasim – e Shomal and Ahmad Moharram were two of those poets. The most important issues were the cases related to the country and hometown in Arabic and Persian poetries. This article – which has been done in descriptive method – embarks to analyze hometown concepts emphasizing American school approach by expressing common points of both poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Passion for patriotism in the poems of Golrokhgar Safiava, contemporary Tajik poem
gholamabas nafisi mohammadali davoodabadi ali Sarvar YagobiThe subject of this analytical and descriptive article is the study and analysis of the patriotic poems of the famous Tajik poet, "Gol Rokhsar". Patriotism, in the last century and in the newly independent countries, was a common phenomenon and attracted the attention o MoreThe subject of this analytical and descriptive article is the study and analysis of the patriotic poems of the famous Tajik poet, "Gol Rokhsar". Patriotism, in the last century and in the newly independent countries, was a common phenomenon and attracted the attention of many speakers. In fact, addressing the issue of the homeland is a social and political necessity for many countries that see their independence as vulnerable and endangered. Because these nations suffer from a lost identity and consider the praise of the homeland and the reliance on its history and background as a means to achieve their national identity. To achieve this lost identity, Gol Rokhsar had no choice but to rely on the ancient culture of the Tajik people, who were all under attack. Since the ethnic Tajiks are Persian-speaking and part of the body of the great Aryan and then Iranian-Islamic culture, the shadow of this ancient Aryan culture is felt on the glorious homeland of Gol Rokhsar. In any case, this Tajik poet, after fierce struggles with the opposition to the formation of the Republic of Tajikistan, given the fragile political situation of his country, not war; Rather, he considers peace, reconciliation, and dialogue to be the most effective, and for this reason he turns his bow into a pen, so that he can spread the voice of the deprivation and oppression of his people to the world. The information in this article was collected by the library method and then described analytically. The most important achievement of this article is that Gol loves his homeland more than political issues.And he honestly expresses his emotional understanding of his homeland and his countrymen. Manuscript profile -
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35 - Patriotic poems and its approaches in the multiple poems of the constitutional era
Abolqasem Radfar Zahra Parsapor Alireza Fouladi Roqayyeh FarahaniPatriotic poems are the works which are about home, love it, issues and events related to it and having the common social, political, linguistic and religious emotion toward it. Patriotic poems have been unprecedented in the constitutional era in comparison to other per MorePatriotic poems are the works which are about home, love it, issues and events related to it and having the common social, political, linguistic and religious emotion toward it. Patriotic poems have been unprecedented in the constitutional era in comparison to other periods of Persian poetry both in terms of bulk of poems and approach and the issues raised in it. Since the multiple poem has been applied by the poets of the constitutional era as the most effective format for conveying concepts, this article which is written based on the descriptive method, studies the patriotic poems in the most prominent multiple poems of the constitutional era, while discussing the history of patriotic poems in the Persian poetry. This article in addition to speaking about the types of patriotic poems in the multiple poems of the constitutional era, shows the main approaches of the poems of this era toward patriotic poems. The picture that most poets of this period present about the country is the national and ethnic country. Attention of the poems to the country is raised as of: mythology, Iranian nationalism, being proud of the historical background of Iran, suggesting the destruction of the country and asking people to build it up, anticipation for a better future and in the shape of Islamic country. Manuscript profile -
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36 - Study of Shahnameh through a Cosmopolitan Approach
Nozzhat NoohiThis essay aims at considering the characteristics of Shahnameh through a literary cosmopolitan approach. Since many new theories are inspired by antecedent ideas, we should bear in mind that literary cosmopolitanism leads us to two previous theories i.e. world literatu MoreThis essay aims at considering the characteristics of Shahnameh through a literary cosmopolitan approach. Since many new theories are inspired by antecedent ideas, we should bear in mind that literary cosmopolitanism leads us to two previous theories i.e. world literature and comparative literature. The new reality of global village has impressed literature as well and resulted in a kind of literary cosmopolitanism. It is a new practice for magnificent literary works to stabilize their place on the list of world literature masterpieces. Shahnameh is one of these masterpieces which have been preserved through the ages. Shahnameh closely matches with the criteria of literary cosmopolitanism and invites the readers all around the global village to intelligently read it Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Glory of Motherland in Elia Abu Madi and Malek-al-Šoʿarā Bahar’s Points of View (Comparative Study of Their Patriotic Poems)
Nozhat NoohiPatriotism demonstrates purity of wit, growing of insight and originality of a principled and honorable poet or author. In different periods of Arabic and Persian literature, patriotic motifs have always been reflected in both verse and prose works, which are called &ld MorePatriotism demonstrates purity of wit, growing of insight and originality of a principled and honorable poet or author. In different periods of Arabic and Persian literature, patriotic motifs have always been reflected in both verse and prose works, which are called “Vataniyat”. Remorse and mourning for the agony of home and homeland is an example of that. Today, patriotism is still an important characteristic of contemporary sociopolitical poetry. Ahmed Shawqi, Ilyās Farhāt, Elia Abu Madi in Arabic literature and Aref Qazvini, Mirzadeh Eshghi, Iraj Mirzā, Malek-al-Šoʿarā Bahar in Persian literature are among the most famous poets of the genre. This research, a comparative study of Bahar and Abu Madi’s patriotic poems, has led to new findings of common ideas, structures and forms in both Persian and Arabic literature, and as a conclusion emphasizes the close and inseparable relationship between the language and literature of both nations. Manuscript profile -
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38 - Semiotics of the codes of nationalist poems of Badawi jabal Case study: Aesthetic, temporal and spatial codes, personality psychology
Sakineh Hosseini AliRedha Mohammad Redhaei Naser GhasemiSemiotics is to study sign systems within the social life. Its task is to search for the hidden meanings of all sign systems, both linguistic and non-linguistic. This research tries to study the most important codes of nationalist poems of Badawi Jabal through a d MoreSemiotics is to study sign systems within the social life. Its task is to search for the hidden meanings of all sign systems, both linguistic and non-linguistic. This research tries to study the most important codes of nationalist poems of Badawi Jabal through a descriptive-analytical approach and in the light of semiotic analysis, because they have meanings and significations that seem useful in studying the text of the poem, recognizing the thoughts and opinions of the poet. The poet was able to show his nationalist poetry effectively by using semiotic codes that give a special beauty to his poetry. Aesthetic codes such as metaphor, simile, irony and exaggeration, time and place, and personality and Qur'anic psychology are among the most important things that the poet uses. Their repetition in Badawi's poetry is not arbitrary, but is due to his intellectual stance towards life and existence. By using them, he creates signs that deepen the reader's feeling towards the codes. It is worth noting that this is a brief and selective review, because it is not possible to review a large number of these samples. One of the most important results of the research is that by using these cases, the poet intends to express concepts such as love for the homeland, pride in the past heritage, pains of the Arab nation, return to the homeland, problems of the land, emotions and spiritual experiences. Through the creation of literary images, he has given dynamism to his poetry and freed them from the shackles of the explicit meanings of words in symbolic meanings. Manuscript profile -
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39 - The Study of Farmers and Workers in Farrokhi Yazdi’s poetry
Mohammad Reza Tavakoli Mehdi NaseriForm a long time ago Iran has been proud of its champions, thinkers and scholars who did their best for the progress and development of their country. In the meantime, devoted poets who defended their country across their life, are very important and respected by MoreForm a long time ago Iran has been proud of its champions, thinkers and scholars who did their best for the progress and development of their country. In the meantime, devoted poets who defended their country across their life, are very important and respected by people. Mirza Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi (1887–October 18, 1939) a Persian/Iranian poet and senior politician of Constitutional era, was one of those, who defended his homeland until he was martyered in this way. One of the characteristics of the poems of the Farrokhi was rejecting dictatorship and fighting with dictators. So in this regard he spared no efforts to defend the workers and farmers who had been oppressd by the Phalavi despotic regime along with the British colonialism. This article reviews the position of worker and farmer in Farrokhi’s poem to show the commitment of this poet to his homeland more than before. Manuscript profile -
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40 - Contemporary Arab Poets in Iran: The Case of Muhammad Mehdi Aljavaheri
Mehdi Naseri Rasul Dehghan ZadAfter a brief introduction on the connection between Persian and Arabic literature this paper examines Al javaheri's impact of Iran. The paper is divided into three sections: the impact of the Iranian charming landscape and nature on Javaheri's poetry; Javaheri an MoreAfter a brief introduction on the connection between Persian and Arabic literature this paper examines Al javaheri's impact of Iran. The paper is divided into three sections: the impact of the Iranian charming landscape and nature on Javaheri's poetry; Javaheri and Iranian poetry; and Javaheri's local color in Iran. The paper concludes with the general impact of Aljavaheri's journey to Iran during his youth and the embodiment of the fusion of vast landscapes and poetical vocations in his poetry. Manuscript profile -
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41 - Developments and Characteristics of Poetry in Constitutional Age
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini KazerooniDevelopments and characteristics of poetry during Constitutional (Revolution) era have been realized in several fields including in subject and content, thought and idea, plainness and fluency, paying attention to vernacular language and folklore, xenophilia and t MoreDevelopments and characteristics of poetry during Constitutional (Revolution) era have been realized in several fields including in subject and content, thought and idea, plainness and fluency, paying attention to vernacular language and folklore, xenophilia and tendency toward classicism, enjoying foreign terms and lexicons, notice to taboos and developments within poetical frames. The main contents and concepts of poetry in Constitutional Era have been established on the bases and icons of nationalism and patriotism, freedom- seeking and fighting against hegemony. During this period, Persian poetry repudiated from imitation of predecessors’ contents and exited and released from praising of arrogant rulers. Eventually, such developments which have been influenced by geopolitical variation in this region led to poetical transformations at the age of Constitution. Manuscript profile -
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42 - The Thought of Fatherland in the Constitution-Era Poetry
Mohamad BehnamfarConstitution era is the beginning of the arrival of new ideas in Persian poetry. The ideas that appeared in Persian literature have a particular form in this era. One of these main ideas was the thought of fatherland that filled most of the literary works. Reviewing the MoreConstitution era is the beginning of the arrival of new ideas in Persian poetry. The ideas that appeared in Persian literature have a particular form in this era. One of these main ideas was the thought of fatherland that filled most of the literary works. Reviewing the classic and modern concept of fatherland, this article tries to show the situation of this idea in the constitution-era literary works by introducing the greatest fatherland poets, along with analyzing the characteristics of this special genre Manuscript profile -
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43 - Evaluation of Moral and Didactic Motifs in Savushun Novel
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerouni Mohammad Reza Kamali BaniyaniSavushun is a historical-political novel with a precise and strong prose. This work is very strong in terms of writing technique and theme developing. It is also the first story in which the main character is a woman. Different topics, such as social, political, cultura MoreSavushun is a historical-political novel with a precise and strong prose. This work is very strong in terms of writing technique and theme developing. It is also the first story in which the main character is a woman. Different topics, such as social, political, cultural, historical, educational, and heroic issues, are combined in this novel and create an everlasting work. Although this novel has been studied politically in most of the researches and reviews, its educational aspect is so strong that it can be placed among the educational works. In fact, the background voice of Savushun is informative, reminder, and instructive. Accordingly, the educational aspects of Savushun novel will be discussed in this study. Manuscript profile -
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44 - Poetry Style in the Constitution Era
Seyed Ahmad Hoseini KazerooniConstitutional Revolution caused new concepts, which had not been common before, to emerge, revolutionizing, in turn, the social and political institutions. These changes transformed the mental structures of those social classes that were the new audience in these trend MoreConstitutional Revolution caused new concepts, which had not been common before, to emerge, revolutionizing, in turn, the social and political institutions. These changes transformed the mental structures of those social classes that were the new audience in these trends. This discourse led to entire changes in the meaning and language of poetry. Thus, those words and combinations, announced time and place, and events that had not been employed in traditional poetry, entered poetry, and, as a result, changed its overall style. The social changes of this era brought a new life into the Persian literature. These newly emerged literary works were, in fact, in a way or other, capturing the western civilization not being captured by it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - science in the of Adib-ol-mamalek farahani
Mazaher Mosaffa Abbas Saadati Whatever makes the literature of constitution era excellent from the other farsi poem era belongs to the new contents a fit .the poem of Adib-ol-mamalek is the full reflection of political and social conditions of constitution period. Because of the fast c More Whatever makes the literature of constitution era excellent from the other farsi poem era belongs to the new contents a fit .the poem of Adib-ol-mamalek is the full reflection of political and social conditions of constitution period. Because of the fast changes of constitution era he is not indifferent to the political and social affairs and changes in the country. He can not be a resident of 'ivory tower'. Adib-ol-mamalek is one of the classic of this period .he tries to explain social and political contents in the form of ode - quasida -, fragment, couplet poem, multiple poem, return-tie composite-tie. In this survey for subjects such as: freedom mother country law science . have been studied in the poem of Adib-ol-mamalek. The result shows that science and knowledge words in comparison to the other words have more reflection in Adibs poetry ignorance has been blamed very much as well. Finally ignorance fighting of Adib is a good stimuli for the awareness of the public. specially when this in the form of satire facetiae so it makes people think about it. Manuscript profile -
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46 - The Beloved Homeland in the Arms of Constitutionalism Poetry
Naser Al-din Shah Hosseini, Masoud SarhadiPatriotism, in its general sense, is considered as one of the main characteristics of poems in Constitutionalism period. While patriotism was of a long tradition in Iran, after its several-hundred-year recess, it was revived in Constitutionalism period. Frequent intrusi MorePatriotism, in its general sense, is considered as one of the main characteristics of poems in Constitutionalism period. While patriotism was of a long tradition in Iran, after its several-hundred-year recess, it was revived in Constitutionalism period. Frequent intrusions by neighboring countries and profit-seeking interventions of Europeans which resulted in humiliation of Iranians, as well as the weakness of the authorities in managing national affairs and maintaining Iran’s territorial integrity wounded the pride of all Iranian patriots. As a result, poets, as their social mission, aimed to incite passion and understanding of the people regarding patriotism, and at the same time, cut short the hands of courtiers and foreigners. However, their patriotism was generally emotional and lacked an intellectual and philosophical depth. So, their attitude toward their country was the a combination of various patriotic beliefs including nationalism, internationalism, chauvinism, and even in the sense of birthplace. Considering the mixture of poets’ patriotic attitudes and also their mental and linguistic background, this paper attempts to study the intensions and levels of patriotism in the poems of prominent and influents poets of Constitutionalism period. Manuscript profile -
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47 - An Analysis Of Returning to Original Homeland in Masnavi and Robab Nameh
Shahriar Hassan-ZadehThe explorer man has always been in quest of recognizing his origin and his primitive status and has desired to return there so that it is through this attitude that he has formed his glorious life. Investigation on mystical texts discloses the man's inherent tendency t MoreThe explorer man has always been in quest of recognizing his origin and his primitive status and has desired to return there so that it is through this attitude that he has formed his glorious life. Investigation on mystical texts discloses the man's inherent tendency to his original homeland. Literature, in a topical comparison, with the name of nostalgia which is of the psychology discussions, in the sense of returning to a land where man has left behind his memoirs, summarizes it with yearning and pain in his ups and downs of his life. It can be said that nostalgia and the problem of returning to the original homeland has a luminous sense which has attracted the attention of the mystics. From the point of view of mysticism, the speculation of reunification to original homeland is the alienation from self and joining the main origin of humanity. Maulana Jalaloddin Balkhi had special attention to the problem of nostalgia ( desire to return to the homeland ), and in the Masnavi he ties the grief of the homesickness with the sweetness of returning. Soltanwalad, Maulana's eldest son, in the Robab Nameh, by utilizing the themes of Masnavi's soul, has set normal steps forward in this case. The aim of the present essay is to show, as far as possible, the strange nostalgic atmosphere which becomes hidden in the clamor of music and robab. Manuscript profile -
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48 - تاثیر نگرش عرفانی نظامی بر شکلگیری هویت فرهنگی «جهان وطنی» در خمسه نظامی
Mohamad Moradi ahmadreza keikhafarzane -
Open Access Article
49 - Mystical Nostalgia of Khaju Kermani and Salman Savoji
Somayyeh Abdullahi Nejad Mohammadreza Zaman Ahmadi Abdurreza MoharreszadehLanguage is the most important tool for communication by means of which human being can express his or her meanings and various needs. One of such needs is expression of envy, homesickness, and grief for the past called nostalgia. The sense of nostalgia is mingled with MoreLanguage is the most important tool for communication by means of which human being can express his or her meanings and various needs. One of such needs is expression of envy, homesickness, and grief for the past called nostalgia. The sense of nostalgia is mingled with the thinking, sensation, and behavior of humankind. In Sufism and Islamic mysticism, nostalgia is remarkable presence having meaningful dimensions and various interpretations. In addition, nostalgia is the most impressive psychological activities in Persian literature, especially in the eighth century for which there are two mystical poets, namely Khaju Kermani and Salman Savoji. This paper investigates through descriptive analytic methodology aimed at the study of the poems by Khaju Kermani and Salman Savoji on the mystical nostalgia to explain the different types of nostalgia and the causes pertinent to that notion from their standpoint. The most significant thing this paper accomplishes is the identification of various factors affecting the mind and thought of the poet and its reflection on the better understanding and relation with their poems. The original staying away from home country and real beloved is the nostalgic themes of their works. The results of this paper explains why Salman Savoji, like Khaju Kermani, has felt the mystical nostalgia arisen from distance from real beloved and original homeland. After a short introduction on the multifaceted concepts of traditional, modern, and postmodern nostalgia, the writer deals with the explanation and account of nostalgic idea and its subdivisions in Khaju Kermani’s and Salman Savoji’s divans with reference to dictionaries and reference sources and articles, and thereafter, he mentions some evidences of their literature for each subject matter. Manuscript profile -
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50 - Stylistic analysis of footnote or popular novels based on a look at the historical footnote novel "Hamoyeh" and the examination of the male character by Hossein Qoli Mustaan
akram asgari fatemeh pakroo Hamidreza ardestanirostamiThe writer's or poet's method is called a style that shows their specific concepts and topics. In literary works, the study of intellectual, literary and linguistic features makes the reader understand the author's point of view. Pavaraki novel is a new phenomenon and a MoreThe writer's or poet's method is called a style that shows their specific concepts and topics. In literary works, the study of intellectual, literary and linguistic features makes the reader understand the author's point of view. Pavaraki novel is a new phenomenon and a branch of It is literature.Language of the work: A footnote with simple language and general structure shows the weaknesses and cultural defects of the society.It reflects political, social and historical realities like a mirror. With the political and social upheavals of the end of the Qajar period, writers with a sharp pen showed the flaws of the society. The historical footnote novel "Hamoyeh" was written with the theme of love and simple prose and narrative language encouraging patriotism.Study method:This essay has analyzed the narrative of the intellectual content of the historical novel with a descriptive-analytical method.The noteworthy point is the analysis of the male historical characters of the work.Popular novels can be separated from elitist literature due to certain clichés and frameworks throughout the work, events, characters, story line, and fixed themes such as love triangles and squares, boy and girl falling in love. All these features are mainly around a simple axis and to make the story interesting.Conclusion: The language of these novels, according to the type of audience, is simple, far from complexity. In these novels, love and hoKeywords: popular footnote novel, love, homeland, historymeland are two main symbols.In fact, earthly love and love of the country are parallel to each other. Manuscript profile -
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51 - A Study of Socio-Political Themes in the Divan of Adib-AL Mamalek Farahani and Ahmad Showqi
parvin mortazaei zahra hosseinicommitted literature covers avariety of areas. Expressing the social and political issues of society isone of the most important approaches in this type of literature In the last century, similar social and political situations have developed in the society of Iran and Morecommitted literature covers avariety of areas. Expressing the social and political issues of society isone of the most important approaches in this type of literature In the last century, similar social and political situations have developed in the society of Iran and Egypt. Issues that exposed the independence and identity of such countries to foreign aggression and, as a result, posed a serious threat; Thus, social poets entered the turmoil of such a turbulent situation, and the most important of them was dealing with social and political issues. Inthis descriptive-analytical study, socio-political themes in the poems of Adib al-Mamalak and Ahmad Shawqi have been extracted and studied based on the American comparative school. Findings of the research indicate that themes such as patriotism, mention of Free people and patriotic heroes, encouragement of unity and solidarity, disgust with foreigners and criticism of social disorders have been widely used in the poetry of these two poets. With the difference that Adib al-Mamalek has included minor social issues in his poetry; Ahmad Showqi, on the other hand, has often raised larger issues. Both patriotic poets initially have a positive view of the constitutional movement; But with the entry of anomalies into the structure of the movement, they change their course and complain about it. Reformism and the need for positive action of various classes of society and politicians are among the most important solutions that these two poets propose to achieve national prose.Keywords: Comparative Literature, Constitutional Movement, Patriotism, Adib al-Mamalik, Ahmad Showqi. Manuscript profile -
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52 - Identifying the components of national solidarity in socio-political poetry of the constitutional period (Case study: Farrokhi Yazdi and Mirzadeh Eshghi)
Aboutaleb Pakbaz mohammad Reza Ghari Mohsen Izadyarliterature can solve many political and social problems. Hence, in the constitutional literature, we see themes through which the speakers have tried to create solidarity among the people. In this research, which was done by descriptive-analytical method with the aim of Moreliterature can solve many political and social problems. Hence, in the constitutional literature, we see themes through which the speakers have tried to create solidarity among the people. In this research, which was done by descriptive-analytical method with the aim of recognizing the components of solidarity in the poetry of Farrokhi Yazdi and Mirzadeh Eshghi. We came to the conclusion that these two poets, using common elements among the whole nation, have used these themes in their poems to encourage people to unite.These common themes and components are related to national and religious identity, which stimulates their sense of Iran-friendliness. These elements include: a common land, a common history, a common religion. Farrokhi and Eshghi have tried to remind the features of the ancient history of Iran and past heroism, the importance of the homeland as a symbol of the mother, the need to preserve the Persian language and culture, the religion of Islam and the need to protect it from foreigners. To prepare the nation for solidarity against foreigners and irreligious rulers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Social Situation in Safavid Dynasty Reflected in Poetry of Kalim-e Hamedani
Reza Borzuyie Nasser al-Din Shah Hosseini Mazaher mosafaThis paper aims at introducing social reforms and major events in Iran's society in the time of Safvaid Dynasty through the looking glass of a well-known Iranian orator, Kalim-e Hamedani. Safavaid Kings were responsible for altering in values respected by Iranian cultur MoreThis paper aims at introducing social reforms and major events in Iran's society in the time of Safvaid Dynasty through the looking glass of a well-known Iranian orator, Kalim-e Hamedani. Safavaid Kings were responsible for altering in values respected by Iranian culture and believes from different aspects. Principles in culture, manners, art, traditional and common values not only had to be shifted, but also in some cases upturned and considered as anti-value. The secondary aim of this investigation is to study the poems of Kalim-e Hamedani and searching for social norms in his time. Studying his poetry, the researcher strives to know if his verse has ever been used to approve or admire the rulers of his time or his oratory skill in Dari dialect, which is based on overstatement and exaggeration, ever turned to an instrument to receive praise and tribute for himself or kin. The paper tries to find how the pains and troubles of poet's fellow citizens have been considered, as well as underscoring his poetic responsibility to express social concerns. The results show that he had had sharp eyes to see common anxieties of human beings and had uttered his objections in many different ways. This investigation aims at studying his poetry from different perspective and reveals the special situation of his dynasty in his poem which is known as Khalaghol Maani Saani (innovator of the meanings, the second). The results show that social situation in Safavid Dynasty has echoed in seven ways criticizing the common worries and pains of this period of time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Patriotism in the Works of Shuubiya Era's
Basharat Perme Nahid JafariPatriotism is one of mankind’s reflections and a symbol of national identity in different eras. Patriotism in Persian poetry has two aspects: When the country is conquered by invading country/ countries and when the awakening occurs. The second occurs in awakening MorePatriotism is one of mankind’s reflections and a symbol of national identity in different eras. Patriotism in Persian poetry has two aspects: When the country is conquered by invading country/ countries and when the awakening occurs. The second occurs in awakening era. Many believe that the concept of patriotism in Persian poetry was rather promoted in constitutional era. So the main question of this study is: What factors affected the concept of homeland in different eras of persion poetry? This study attempts to be based on Shuubiya both politically and socially. The study of Shuubiyya era indicates that Patriotism was rather affected by racial and ethical issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - A Comparative Study of the Concepts of Homeland in Constitutional Literature with Emphasis on the Works of Seyed Ashrafuddin Gilani and the sacred Defense Literature of Kaiser Aminpour
mandana alimi Masoud Pakdelconstitutional literature with emphasis on Seyed Ashrafuddin Gilani and sacred defense literature with emphasis on Kaiser Aminpour. Constitutional literature, with regards to the individual and social worldview and the atmosphere of their historical period, each used fr Moreconstitutional literature with emphasis on Seyed Ashrafuddin Gilani and sacred defense literature with emphasis on Kaiser Aminpour. Constitutional literature, with regards to the individual and social worldview and the atmosphere of their historical period, each used from the concept of homeland in their poetry. Homeland has many concepts in constitutional literature. All poets of this period has emphasized on patriotism, fighting against tyranny and colonialism, homeland development, nostalgic look at Iran before Islam in their poetry. The concept of Islamic homeland is also found in the poems of some poets. In the literature of sacred defense, Climatic Homeland, human homeland, Islamic homeland and patriotism, can be seen in the works of the most of the poets of this period, especially in Kaiser Aminpour works. For the realization of this research, we first referred to sources that were about the homeland. In this context, these two concepts have been examined both in classical literature and in the present age literature for a detailed understanding. In the meantime, as these two are a part of social categories, the sociology of literature and especially the sociology of Persian literature were studied separately. On the other hand, constitutional and sacred defense literature are intimately linked to the actions, reactions, events, and changes of their age and they come from historical periods. Therefore, in order to better understand these two literatures, we studied the Constitutional Revolution and the Islamic Revolution and the cause of them and the quality of their process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The Study of Patriotism and Awakening in Poetry of Farrokhi and Akhavan
Shamsi Vaghef Zade Haniesadat NajafiThe love of the country and the quest for awakening people in order to encourage anti-oppression activities and trying to improve the conditions prevailing in the society include the issues that are in the poetry of particular committed poets. The master of poets which MoreThe love of the country and the quest for awakening people in order to encourage anti-oppression activities and trying to improve the conditions prevailing in the society include the issues that are in the poetry of particular committed poets. The master of poets which has special note on preserving the national identity and ethnic honors is Ferdowsi. This has been appeared in a much bolder and clearer way in the contemporary Iranian literature in comparison to the past. In this thesis, there is evaluation of political and social lyrics of Farrokhi Yazdi and Akhavan Saales to find out the common themes and differences of patriotism and awakening in their poetry. Concepts such as freedom, awakening, fight tyranny and westernization, national identity and recalling the past, nationals and ancients, had been the most important common concerns of these two intellectual poets. This thesis, will study the thinking and motivations, attitudes and trends of these two poets. The results show that Akhavan’s patriotism and his emphasis on ancient past is more, and Farrokhi’s emphasis is on the growth of modern home. In other words, political campaigns of Akhavan can be seen in his poetry and he tried to awaken people by symbols but Farrokhi not only used poetry but also by public campaigns showed his tendency to love his country and his fight for freedom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Basics of resistance literature in the Poetry of Sayed Ashraf al-din Hoseyni
Reza Musabadi Batool FakhreslamSocial and political state of affairs, constitutional era, Due to the emergence of the most important poets of poetic themes, Lyrics homegrown and most important Concern domestic and foreign anti-authoritarian forces that threaten the country's independence and freedom MoreSocial and political state of affairs, constitutional era, Due to the emergence of the most important poets of poetic themes, Lyrics homegrown and most important Concern domestic and foreign anti-authoritarian forces that threaten the country's independence and freedom MyAfkndnd. One of the poets in the name of freedom, Syed Ashraf al-din Husseini, known as Nasim shomal that poetry is full of ideas home country Fashioned. This study is the analytical method to map and study various literary Effects stability Nasim shomal on their poems. Of the most important findings of this research is that the Court's breeze on themes such as: expressing pain and RnjHay oppressed people and draw their real face, Cite the national and religious heroes, patriotism, challenge and stand against tyranny and colonialism, instill hope for the future bright, calls for unity Give praise liberty and freedom that makes up each of these cases NshanDhndh literature JlvhHay stability in northern of Nasim shomal lyrics are explicit language to them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - A Comparative Study of the Components of Sustainability Literature in the Poems of Tahereh Saffarzadeh and Mostafa Wahabi al-Tal
Tahereh Sadat Tahereh Sadat Seyyedhosseini Nahedeh Fawzi Simin ValaviSustainability literature is one of the important branches of literature with emphasis on concepts such as standing, resistance, patriotism, negation of tyranny and arrogance, which are mainly written due to conditions such as war, military occupation, suffocation, tyra MoreSustainability literature is one of the important branches of literature with emphasis on concepts such as standing, resistance, patriotism, negation of tyranny and arrogance, which are mainly written due to conditions such as war, military occupation, suffocation, tyranny and repression, and things like common pains, standing for freedom, praising the dead and drawing a bright future are its common axes. An important issue is the application of the components of sustainability literature in the literature of different societies. In other words, most of the poets and writers who have experienced events such as war, military occupation, repression, etc. by foreign forces and even internal despotic elements, have used various components in their poetry and prose works. This article is a research on the comparative analysis of the components of sustainable literature in the poetry of Iranian poet Tahereh Saffarzadeh and Jordanian poet and writer Mostafa Wahabi Al-Tal. The hypothesis of the article tells about the fact that the three components of striving for the freedom of the homeland, call to fight and persistence and anti-arrogance are the common components of the sustainability literature of these two poets. The findings of the article using the comparative method showed that both authors have used religious myths to explain the component of patriotism. Regarding the element of invitation to fight, both poets have used three approaches. First; creating hope and unity among the fighters, second; drawing a bright and third future; honoring the martyrs of resistance and standing. Finally, regarding the anti-arrogance component, both poets first compare the occupiers to vicious and predatory animals, and then call the fighters to a revolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Comparative study of the effects of British and Russian colonialism in the constitutional era in the poems of Nasim Shomal and Malek al-Sha'ari-Bahar
Reza Musabadi mahdi nowrooz The resistance literature in the Constitutional Revolution is a tree of unity that has emerged in the cultural context of the Constitutional Revolution against tyranny and colonialism of aliens. This literary arena has emerged on the basis of the struggle against More The resistance literature in the Constitutional Revolution is a tree of unity that has emerged in the cultural context of the Constitutional Revolution against tyranny and colonialism of aliens. This literary arena has emerged on the basis of the struggle against the oppressors and their faces and in order to defend Iranian identity against the invasion of foreigners. The phenomenon of colonialism is one of the phenomena that has always faced the countries and nations of the East. Therefore, knowledgeable and capable people, especially artists and literati, are poetic weapons to fight colonialism and colonialism. Due to the fact that colonial practices are diverse and different; therefore, the struggles against it should be diverse and appropriate. In this article, using descriptive-analytical method, a comparative study of the views of Mohammad Taghi Bahar and Seyed-Ashoor-al-Din-Husseini on the colonial phenomenon in their poems is discussed. The researches carried out in this article show that both poets have introduced various phenomena of colonialism in different forms and have similar approaches to fight it, and have presented some solutions that are important- Most of them are: Informing people and neglecting them; inviting to unite and confront colonialism; humiliating colonialism with the language of satire, condemning and condemning oppressors; provoking people and returning to the identity of the Islamic culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Common themes in the poems of Salman Harati and Badr Shaker Al-Sayyab based on the "Anshudat al-Matar"
Razieh Karamad hosein shamsabadi Comperative literature deals with the comparison and balance between literary works and this article is an adaptive attempt to express some of the common themes in the works of Salman Herati, the Persian poet, and the Arabic poet Badr Shaker al-Sayab, the Arabic More Comperative literature deals with the comparison and balance between literary works and this article is an adaptive attempt to express some of the common themes in the works of Salman Herati, the Persian poet, and the Arabic poet Badr Shaker al-Sayab, the Arabic poet. Both poets have loved their homeland and portrayed it as a living creature. Salman Harati is interwoven intellect and love and spirituality in the description of the homeland. The two poets complain about the neglect of the people in their poems and at the same time give them the promise of a better and brighter future. Salman Herati brings hope to future with the concept of expectation, and al-Sayab, utilizing the symbol of rain, reflects this hope. Badr Shaker al-Sayyab and Salman Herati help to express what they can't say explicitly from various symbols such as night, rain, animals, etc. This is more complexity in Sayyab's poems since he did it with myths. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - بازتاب جلوه های وطندوستی درشعرسیّد اشرف الدّین حسینی در عصر مشروطه
رضا موسی آبادی مهدی نوروز بتول فخراسلام -
Open Access Article
62 - Analysis of the Nature and Concept of Freedom and Patriotism in the Poems of Aref Qazvini and Abolqasem Lahouti
Ayoob Kooshan Roya Chehrebarghi Rostam Amani AstmalOne of the most attractive themes in the literature of the constitutional era, which trapped the minds and language of that era's speakers, is the concept of freedom and patriotism. What they had never noticed before, and if they talked of liberty and patriotism, it was MoreOne of the most attractive themes in the literature of the constitutional era, which trapped the minds and language of that era's speakers, is the concept of freedom and patriotism. What they had never noticed before, and if they talked of liberty and patriotism, it was a purpose other than the ideas and aims of the contemporary art poets.In the present study, we analyze the nature and concept of freedom and patriotism in the poems of ArefQazvini and AbolqasemLahooti. The research dimensions of ArefQazvini and Lahooti, are about the words of the poems of the above poets, the purpose of this research is to extract and explain examples of its text that embody the concepts of freedom and patriotism. The statistical population and the sample size are the whole poetry of Aref and Lahooti. The research method is descriptive - analytic and the method of data collection is library. The data collection tool is the research fish and the method of data analysis is content analysis. The findings and results of this study are as follows: the emancipation of the people and the homeland from the yoke of the colonialists and the denial of tyranny, the patriotism and the liberty of the working class, the patriotism and the liberation of the working class, the rancor, the farmer and the poor, from the oppression whichwere imposed upon them by the masters and the rulers of the era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - وطن در شعر مقاومت معاصر فلسطینی
محمدرضا عزیزیپور مسعود باوان پوری نرگس لرستانی -
Open Access Article
64 - The evolution of the concept of national identity in the Qajar era
Kianoosh Afshari Hamed Ameri Golestani Bahram Yousefi Shiva JalalpoorIran, as one of the oldest countries in the world, has long had a kind of national identity and "nation" and this can be seen in the continuation of the name "Iran". The three building blocks of Iranian national identity are "being Iranian", "religion" and in the new er MoreIran, as one of the oldest countries in the world, has long had a kind of national identity and "nation" and this can be seen in the continuation of the name "Iran". The three building blocks of Iranian national identity are "being Iranian", "religion" and in the new era "modernity". The two ancient layers of Iranian national identity have long been more or less compatible with each other, and have and still have many overlapping elements. With the acquaintance of Iranians with the new world, it caused new awareness in this field and this awareness caused a change in this identity. Therefore, the main question of this research is how this change in the components of national identity was formed in the Qajar (pre-constitutional) era? This descriptive-analytical study has concluded that "archeology", "rewriting", "redefining the homeland" and "redefining the nation" and "shaping the idea of nationalism (in its modern sense)" are the most important components of the "new Iranian identity system". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - پارادوکس همانندی/ تفاوت در تجربۀ مهاجرت و نقش آن در نگاه مهاجر نسبت به موطن: مطالعۀ موردی مهاجرت یوسف و موسی (ع) در قصص قرآن
فرامرز حاج منوچهری -
Open Access Article
66 - Constitutional political literature and the issue of national identity
Kianoosh Afshari Hamed Ameri Golestani Bahram yousefi shiva jalalpoorThe main issue of this article is how to address the "issue of national identity" in constitutional political literature, especially constitutional political poetry. One of the foundations of national identity was the emergence of the concept of "modernity" of the natio MoreThe main issue of this article is how to address the "issue of national identity" in constitutional political literature, especially constitutional political poetry. One of the foundations of national identity was the emergence of the concept of "modernity" of the nation in the Nasserite era, with the works and speeches of people such as Akhundzadeh and Mirza Agha Khan Kermani. In the Nasserite era, archeology, attention to the name of Iran, the modern theme of "nation" and redefining the concept of "homeland" were the main components of the new conception of national identity. Using a descriptive analytical method, this article seeks to ask how the "question of national identity" crystallized in constitutional political literature. With the hypothesis that "the issue of national identity, in constitutional political literature, was more than anything related to the modern concept of 'homeland', and this concept was considered with high frequency in the political poetry of this period." The main finding of this study is that by expanding modern knowledge of categories and concepts such as "nation" and "homeland" in the Nasserite era and its expansion in the constitutional era, especially in the political literature of this period, "national identity" as a fundamental "issue" At the heart of constitutionalism, it was considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - .
nasrin kazemzadeh kobra roshanfekr faramarz mirzaei mohammad jafar yoosefian -
Open Access Article
68 - The Myth Characters in the Poetry of the Constitutional Revolution
غلامرضا رحیمی رحمان ذبیحی سمیه عباس زاده Mythological elements play a significant role in the history of Persian literature. In the age of Samanids and Ghaznavids the poets used to attach importance to myths. Yet, in the age of Seljuqs, the myths and national beliefs were neglected. During the P More Mythological elements play a significant role in the history of Persian literature. In the age of Samanids and Ghaznavids the poets used to attach importance to myths. Yet, in the age of Seljuqs, the myths and national beliefs were neglected. During the Persian Constitutional Revolution, the poets used the myths for stimulating the feelings. In the present article, by studying the poems of the age of Persian Constitutional Revolution, the role of myths characters like Jamshid, Fereidoun, Zāl and Kāveh are shown in the works of the poets. Such poets as Adib al-mamālek-e Farāhānī and Mohammad Taqi-e Bahār have taken a classical and moderate approach towards Iranian myths . But some others such as Āref-e Qazvinī, Nasim-e Shomāl and Mīrzādeh Eshghī have chosen an extreme approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - A survey on the subject of Palestinian kid in the poems of Abdulkarim Karmi
enayatollah fatehi nejad Mokhtar MojahedChildishness is one of the most significant levels in human growth process that plays important role in creation of man's personality. Therefore, educational specialists, psychologists, sociologists and belletrists have paid special attention to this issue. Abdulkarim MoreChildishness is one of the most significant levels in human growth process that plays important role in creation of man's personality. Therefore, educational specialists, psychologists, sociologists and belletrists have paid special attention to this issue. Abdulkarim Karmi as one of the great Palestinian poets from the first generation focuses on the subject of Palestinian kid and his related issues as one of his poem concerns. That’s why the poet has appropriated a part of his poem works to childish poems in order to achieve his educative and aesthetic aims. The poet's childish poems are investigated in the present article and the quality of suffer and favorites of Palestinian children are discussed in his poems. As the result, considering the Palestinian child is one of the most emotional themes of AbdulkarimKarami's poem. The poet's attention to Palestinian kids and their related issues is as sign of his high hope to bright future of Palestine and its freedom by the hands of these children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - مقایسه ی ادبیات ضد جنگ در آثار اریش ماریا رمارک و ولفگانگ بورشرت
پرویز معتمدی نسرین ظهیری فرد -
Open Access Article
71 - اقبال تصویر کننده ی اینترناسیونالیسم و جهان وطنی اسلامی و انعکاس تفکر دینی اسلامی وی بر نسل امروز
بهروز رومیانی مهلا سعیدیان -
Open Access Article
72 - National and Patriotic functions in Ra’di Azarakhshi’s poetry using epic approach
Faramarz Ahmadi Mehdi Mahoozi Mahmoud TavoosiIn every society there exists a kind of collective consciousness known as national awareness and it is expressed in Persian literature as national patriotic theme. The purpose of this article is to discuss and evaluate Gholam Ali Ra’di Azarakhshi’s vie MoreIn every society there exists a kind of collective consciousness known as national awareness and it is expressed in Persian literature as national patriotic theme. The purpose of this article is to discuss and evaluate Gholam Ali Ra’di Azarakhshi’s viewpoints regarding Persian language, culture, civilization, and social values of Iran and to study and analyze national and patriotic themes in his compositions. Furthermore, the application of contemporary epic literature in his compositions is studied. Using descriptive analytic and library approach the attempt is made in this article to study themes such as patriotism, antagonism towards enemy, also to study national and historical characters. The results obtained show that Ra’di paid special attention towards contemporary epic functions such as anti-colonialism, national identity and language, preservation of independence and territorial integrity. His attitude towards the concept of homeland and patriotism is to a large extent different from that of other poets. The vastness of his thoughts in celebrating national and historical figures spans past till present characters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Ten Ghezelbash as a prose epic: A cast at epic themes of the novel
manochehr joukar zahra nasiri shiraz somayeeh sharooniThe historical novel of Ten Ghezelbash in five volumes is one of the most significant historical novels and it is believed to have far more capacity to be regarded solely as a mere historical novel. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate aspects such as epic stru MoreThe historical novel of Ten Ghezelbash in five volumes is one of the most significant historical novels and it is believed to have far more capacity to be regarded solely as a mere historical novel. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate aspects such as epic structures and themes. Using library and descriptive analytic method this research deals with studying those aspects. The existence of different war scenes against foreigners in the novel on one hand and writer’s emphasis upon national Persian values, and elements at the same time as well as Shia sect on the other hand had caused this work to have many similarities with a prose epic text. Certain epic themes include the hero’s journey, women as pioneers to claim love, war and war strategies, presence of horse with mythological epic functions, description of weapons, unity of ethnic groups in confrontation with enemies, patriotism, and struggle in order to win name and integrity, abstinence from dishonor, vagabondage, astrology, and prediction. The extent of using epic deeds and elements are quite significant in this novel. Some are drawn directly from Shahnameh and Ferdowsi’s influence upon Masroor is evident in this regard. It can be understood that despite having certain differences with Shahnameh, this historical novel has established close relation with epic style and one can regard it as an epic in prose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Mowlana’s kinship with Baha Valad, Plato, and Plonious
Fateme HeidariMan inherits the sciences and mystical intimations of his ancestors, yet rare is found a soul who could reveal the recorded knowledge in his collective unconscious and individual consciousness within tens of thousands of lyric ghazals and attract all people from differe MoreMan inherits the sciences and mystical intimations of his ancestors, yet rare is found a soul who could reveal the recorded knowledge in his collective unconscious and individual consciousness within tens of thousands of lyric ghazals and attract all people from different walks of life with his theosophic ideas and spiritual compositions. From what is understood by the content of Masnavi, the most important source in composing it is Koran and Islamic mystical intimations. Though Mowlana had a wealth of approaches and manuals to draw upon for his sufi practice, his theosophy and mysticism, one should look directly to his immediate formative influences his father, Baha Valad, his mentor Borhan-al Din Mohaqeq of Termez, and Shams Tabrizi to learn more about how and what he learned and taught. All that makes Masnavi a prism through which different modes of thoughts, Islamic, Persian, Greek, Indian, semitic, etc are reflected. The purpose of this article is to present points of similarity regarding various issues such as God, Salek, compatibility, love, and first abode in Plato, Baha Valad, and Mowlan’s thoughts. Manuscript profile
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