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Open Access Article

1 - The Impact of the Doctrine of Resistance on International Political Developments
Khosro Vafaei Sadi

This article discus the relationship between the Doctrine of Resistance and political developments in Iran's foreign policy, as well as in regional and international politics. It begins by discussing the issue of instability, insecurity, and war in the Middle East in th More

This article discus the relationship between the Doctrine of Resistance and political developments in Iran's foreign policy, as well as in regional and international politics. It begins by discussing the issue of instability, insecurity, and war in the Middle East in the 21st century, and questions the influence of political movements on the region's developments. In response to this question, the article presents a multi-layered hypothesis, which is explained in three sections. The hypothesis suggests that the Islamic Doctrine of Resistance, as the most significant political, cultural, and military movement, has had a significant impact on military-political developments. In fact, the comprehensive impact of the Islamic Resistance movement on Iran's foreign policy, the developments in the Middle East, and international politics and system constitute the overall structure of this hypothesis. The mobilization, organization, training, and deployment of volunteer forces from various Islamic countries against the Western invading and occupying front led by the United States and regional allies such as Israel and Saudi Arabia have been the most important function of the Islamic Resistance front. Through the formulation of grand and shortcut strategies, designing operations, long-term planning, and overall management, the Islamic Resistance movement, led by the 21st-century strategist martyr Qasem Soleimani, has been able to overcome heavy and unprecedented military attacks on the Middle East and achieve significant victories in regional and international arenas, inflicting heavy losses on the enemy front. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The role of general international law in the field of globalization
hossein shahraki عسگر جلالیان

The globalization process of public international law is said to be a set of processes by which countries become increasingly connected and dependent. In the era of globalization, which is the era of transcending national territories and entering the global context, plu More

The globalization process of public international law is said to be a set of processes by which countries become increasingly connected and dependent. In the era of globalization, which is the era of transcending national territories and entering the global context, pluralism increases and governments get out of their limited form and find a global territory. The importance of globalization is due to the fact that in the present era, the nature of power has changed and besides governments, international civil organizations, international non-governmental organizations, international interstate organizations, informal multilateral organizations, parties, media,Ethnic groups, syndicates, multinational companies, individuals and international public opinion have also played a role, which has caused the international system to become polygonal; Therefore, due to the erosion of the sovereignty of the states along with the fading of the borders, we are witnessing a change in the activity and function of the states in the space of interaction and competition with transnational and subnational actors, and due to the assimilation and homogenization of rules, concepts and certain legal institutions at the domestic and international levels. It becomes international.syndicates, multinational companies, individuals and international public opinion have also played a role, which has caused the international system to become polygonal; Therefore, due to the Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Constructivism: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Foreign Policy
علیرضا Azghandi

In this article, the author intends to explain the IslamicRepublic of Iran’s foreign relations in the post Iran-Iraq war era,using the constructivist theory and emphasizing the awareness of the characteristics of the fourth debate in internationalrelations field. More

In this article, the author intends to explain the IslamicRepublic of Iran’s foreign relations in the post Iran-Iraq war era,using the constructivist theory and emphasizing the awareness of the characteristics of the fourth debate in internationalrelations field. The application of the above theory, which isanalyzed as the most recent approach in international relations,is intended to answer the question that whether constructivismcould play an explanatory and interpretative role in the studyof Iran’s foreign policy and relations. This article coversthree sections the first of which describes constructivism ininternational relations and the next sections scrutinize AlexanderVent’s opinions on constructivism, and the Iranian foreign policyfrom this perspective. The author reaches the conclusion thatas long as the structure of international system differentiatesbetween the actors constituting the system and there is a lackof a realistic recognition of the nature of the structure, none ofthe approaches including realism, liberalism and constructivismis an appropriate choice in the study and analysis of the IslamicRepublic’s foreign policy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

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A. Saei GH. Torabi

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Open Access Article

5 - The English School as a Pluralist Theory: A definition of Concepts of International system, International Community and Global Community
Dr. (Seyed) Abdolali Ghavam Ahmad Fatemi nezhad

The purpose of this paper is to study triad concepts of the English school Theory ofInternational Relations. In this regard, it is divided into three sections: international system,international society and global society. These concepts are parallel to three internatio More

The purpose of this paper is to study triad concepts of the English school Theory ofInternational Relations. In this regard, it is divided into three sections: international system,international society and global society. These concepts are parallel to three internationaltraditions of thought: realism, rationalism and revolutionism. Founding fathers of theEnglish School emphasize rationalism via media. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Political Sanctions and Its Impact on Contracts Based on Jurisprudence and Legal Solutions.
khosro معرعلیان Beytollah Divsalar Fakhrollah Molai

The purpose of the current research is political sanctions and its impact on contracts based on jurisprudence and legal solutions, and the research method is descriptive-analytical. In the current conditions of contracts and obligations, they are heavily influenced by t More

The purpose of the current research is political sanctions and its impact on contracts based on jurisprudence and legal solutions, and the research method is descriptive-analytical. In the current conditions of contracts and obligations, they are heavily influenced by the political conditions of the country and the increasing price. And the lack of stability in the market has led to a severe loss to the obligee, who must compensate for it. It may cause unbearable difficulties for the obligee and lead him to the abyss of economic collapse. Now the question is whether the commitment of these people is still binding according to the sanctions or it can be changed according to the changes in the situation. However, due to unforeseen events, it is possible to revise the provisions of the contract and provide a clear and explicit solution in these cases based on jurisprudence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Comparing the Role of Obama and Trump in the US Foreign Policy Approach to the International System
Mohammadreza Jalali Barenji Bahram Yousefi Rouhollah Shahabi hamed Ameri ZGholstani

This article compares the role of Obama and Trump in the US foreign policy approach to the international system; In the Obama administration, the use of all components of power and not only militarism was used. While Trump's foreign policy has axes such as power-seeking More

This article compares the role of Obama and Trump in the US foreign policy approach to the international system; In the Obama administration, the use of all components of power and not only militarism was used. While Trump's foreign policy has axes such as power-seeking, nationalism or protectionism, and opposition to the promotion of democracy in the world, in this framework, power-oriented becomes important in American foreign policy. This article is responsible for answering the question, what was the foreign policy approach of the United States of America in restraining the great powers during the presidency of Obama and Trump? In response to this question, the hypothesis of the article is that what differentiates presidents from each other is only in relation to their management methods and priorities and their perception of the quality of the US foreign policy approach to the international system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Explaining Change in the Structure of International System Facing Iran
Hadiseh Koliaee Amin Ravanbod ali mohammad haghighi

The purpose of this article is to explain the change in the structure of the international system and examine the possible future structure of the international system that Iran will face. In the present research, the authors have investigated the main mechanism of the More

The purpose of this article is to explain the change in the structure of the international system and examine the possible future structure of the international system that Iran will face. In the present research, the authors have investigated the main mechanism of the change in the structure of the international system, i.e. the rise and fall of great powers, using the descriptive-analytical method. The authors believe that the current structure of the international system cannot be defined by the concept of polarity. The current structure of the international system includes a superpower (America) alongside China as a challenger and candidate to become a superpower in the future and several big powers (European Union, Russia, Britain and Japan) and this structure will continue in the short term.The Islamic Republic of Iran can be placed in a state of neither friend nor enemy in relation to other great powers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Recognition of the validity of the sanctions of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the territory of U.S.sovereignty laws
Seyed Hossein Mortazavi Malek Zolghadr Farshid Jafari

Seyed Hossein Mortazavi [1], Malek Zolghadr [2]*,Farshid Jafari[3]   Abstract: After the election of Ahmadinejad as president, foreign policy changed, and this change became evident not only in domestic politics but also in foreign policy. Especially in nuclear More

Seyed Hossein Mortazavi [1], Malek Zolghadr [2]*,Farshid Jafari[3]   Abstract: After the election of Ahmadinejad as president, foreign policy changed, and this change became evident not only in domestic politics but also in foreign policy. Especially in nuclear policy, it pursued a policy of inflexibility and incompatibility. The purpose of writing this article is to answer the question of what factors caused the incompatibility and disregard for Security Council resolutions by the ninth and tenth governments in nuclear policy, according to the decision-making model of the James N.Rosenau Accession Plan, and our aim is to prove this. It is hypothesized that according to James N. Rosenau's decision-making model, the factor (international environment-political system) has been more effective than other factors (individual-role-society) in incompatibility and in adopting Ahmadinejad's policy of resistance in nuclear policy. [1]. PhD Student in International Relations, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran [2]. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran,Corresponding Author [3]. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - اخلاق علوی در پرتو الزامات روابط دیپلماتیک
سید محمد جعفری نژاد ابوالقاسم باباتبارسرخی keyvan loloei

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Open Access Article

11 - BRICS and Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
abdilreza seifi mohammadbagher khorramshad

10.30495/pir.2019.668890

BRICS is the acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Originally the first four were grouped as "BRIC" (or "the BRICs"), before the induction of South Africa in 2010. The BRICS members are all l More

BRICS is the acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Originally the first four were grouped as "BRIC" (or "the BRICs"), before the induction of South Africa in 2010. The BRICS members are all leading developing or newly industrialized countries, but they are distinguished by their large, sometimes fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional affairs; all five are G-20 members.As of 2015, the five BRICS countries represent over 3.6 billion people, or about 41% of the world population; all five members are in the top 25 of the world by population, and four are in the top 10. The five nations have a combined nominal GDP of US$16.6 trillion, equivalent to approximately 22% of the gross world product, combined GDP (PPP) of around US$37 trillion and an estimated US$4 trillion in combined foreign reserves Overall the BRICS are forecasted to expand 4.6% in 2016, from an estimated growth of 3.9% in 2015. The World Bank expects BRICS growth to pick up to 5.3% in 2017.In this article analyze Foreign Policy Strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran and BRICS politics in the international system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - A Comparative Analysis of American Policy Towards International System: With emphasis on presidents Obama and Trump
Mohammad Reza Jalali bahram yousefi Rouhollah Shahabi Hamed Ameri Golestani

10.30495/pir.2021.686838

This article looks at America's policy regarding international system during Obama and Trump presidency. This research tries to answer the question as to what role did the "individual"variables(Obama and Trump)play in America's approach towards international system, and More

This article looks at America's policy regarding international system during Obama and Trump presidency. This research tries to answer the question as to what role did the "individual"variables(Obama and Trump)play in America's approach towards international system, and how influential they were? In answering this question, therefore, the hypothesis of the article is:" given the deciding role of presidents in American foreign policy making; and also the difference in terms of thought and outlook bye the two presidents, the " individual" variable has had a great influence on America's approach to international system. The purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which the "individual" factor influences the US approach to the international system and the scientific and realistic knowledge of Obama and Trump's personality traits and their impact on US foreign policy and the US approach to the international system. Based on the findings of the article, it can be said that the role and influence of individual variables in the foreign policy of this country has been high at this time; So that their foreign policy was due to the fact that they were two different and somewhat contradictory personalities, which originated mainly from their individual characteristics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Possible scenarios about Russia's use of nuclear weapons in the Ukraine war
MOHAMMADHAMED KIANI Mohammad Reza Aghareb Parast Bashir Esmaeili Gonharani

10.30495/pir.2024.1998899.3686

Russia's military conflict in Ukraine, which began in February 2022 has global dimensions and various effects on the politics, economy and security of the international system. In the meantime, the evaluation of possible scenarios has a special place from the perspectiv More

Russia's military conflict in Ukraine, which began in February 2022 has global dimensions and various effects on the politics, economy and security of the international system. In the meantime, the evaluation of possible scenarios has a special place from the perspective of future studies.The main question of this article:What scenarios can be imagined if Russia uses nuclear weapons? The hypothesis that is raised following the mentioned question is that the use of nuclear weapons by Russia will have major geopolitical, geostrategic and geoeconomic effects for global security in the short and long term. The present article tries to present some possible scenarios in relation to the future of this war and its effects on the international system in the framework of scenario planning and using the descriptive-analytical method with emphasizing on component of nuclear weapons.For this purpose, offensive realism has been chosen as theoretical framework to better explain the behavior of the Russian government in Ukrainian war.The findings of the research show that Russia's use of nuclear weapons can, on the one hand, lead to a mutual reaction by the United States and NATO, and on the other hand, instead of helping to disarm nuclear weapons, lead to its spread Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - The Structure of Government in the Middle East
Seyed Javad Emamjomehzadeh Jaafar Naghdi

In the developed world of post-Westphalia era whatever we pass from the past to present we notice the regular reduction of the power of government in favour of non-governmental actors. The Middle East also as one of the regions of the world has such characteristic. In o More

In the developed world of post-Westphalia era whatever we pass from the past to present we notice the regular reduction of the power of government in favour of non-governmental actors. The Middle East also as one of the regions of the world has such characteristic. In other words the process of formation of government in the Middle East and the emergence of several elements along with the government shows that the power of the government is reducing in favour of nongovernmental actors. This subject is being studied by making use of three traditions of English school( international system, international community and the world community) and comparing that with structure of the government in the Middle East and the move from international system towards world community. The present article shows that the structure of the government in the Middle East consists of elements which fall within three said traditions category. While we witness the increasing power of the governments and very little interaction of them with each other (international system) there are common intergovernmental institutions (international community) simultaneously supra-national movements of relatively popular nature like Pan Arabism and Pan-Islamism show themselves (world community) . Nevertheless, the process of move is in a direction which one can notice the regular transition from international system towards existing world community in developed world (West) and similar transition is happening in the Middle East. In fact that is seen in recent developments of the Middle East and North Africa although the tradition of international system in the Middle East is more powerful as compared to other two traditions (international community and world community). Therefore the main purpose of the present article is showing the trend of the move of the structure of the government in the Middle East from the tradition of international system toward international community and world community. Alongside this transition the quality of the interaction is also of great importance in forming the structure of government in the Middle East. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - The Security Regime of the Caspian Sea after the Disintegration of the Soviet Union till 2009: The Obstacles and the Challenges
Hossein Ahmadi Darab Jalil Piran

With the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 the littoral states of the Caspian Sea got independence. These countries got a new and special geopolitics، economic، security and cultural position. The birth of the new states brought a change in international system More

With the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 the littoral states of the Caspian Sea got independence. These countries got a new and special geopolitics، economic، security and cultural position. The birth of the new states brought a change in international system. The big powers and the littoral and contagious states also faced new problems. The presence of extra-regional powers like the United States and its allies like Israel، Turkey and Azerbaijan added to the complicacy of the problems. There are international issues which have its impact on the Caspian Sea region. These issues are the expansion of NATO towards east، the installation of missile defence shield in Eastern Europe with the aim of extension of their influence to the Caspian Sea region. The attitudes of Iran، Russia and China towards the developments of this region are among the important developments which have so far taken place. Some of the observers believe that a new cold war has started. The main question which the present article is raising is what are the obstacles and challenges before the security regime of the Caspian Sea region? The hypothesis of the article emphasizes on the point that the competition of the United States، Russia، China and Iran has created obstacles and challenge for the formation of security regime of the Caspian Sea security regime. The article is also examining the repercussions of these competitions on the process of formation of security regime of the Caspian Sea region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Security of Energy and Relations of European Union with Central Asian Countries
Ali Sabbaghian Abas Sarvestani

Abstract The geo-economic position and the extent of oil and gas reserves in Central Asia in the past two decades have given an important place to this region in international equations. Besides that, the occurrence of 11September 2001 terrorist attacks and the neighbo More

Abstract The geo-economic position and the extent of oil and gas reserves in Central Asia in the past two decades have given an important place to this region in international equations. Besides that, the occurrence of 11September 2001 terrorist attacks and the neighborhood of Central Asia with crises centers and issues like terrorism, cultivation and smuggling of narcotic drugs and fundamentalism have raised the geopolitical importance of the region and prepared the ground for big powers presence. The dispute between Russia and Ukraine in 2008 and 2014 and suspension of natural gas supply to European countries necessitated the search for new source of energy by European Union and they thus, turned to the expansion of relations with Central Asian countries. The sphere of relations was further expanded after the Lisbon Treaty which was an attempt to bring efficiency and coherence to EU place in international system. This convention emphasized on propagation of European values and expansion of relations of EU with the developing countries. The present article examines the causes and grounds of changing role of energy in cooperation of European Union with Central Asian countries and the role and impact of Lisbon Treaty in expansion and institutionalization of these relations in the past two decades. The main question raised by the paper is; what is the place of Central Asia in security of energy of European Union? The underlying hypothesis is the use of energy by Russia as a lever for putting pressure against European Union also the growing need of European Union for import of energy sources have prepared the ground for expansion of cooperation between the European Union and the Central Asian countries. While the relations of European Union with Russia is strained, the expansion of relations of European Union with Central Asian countries can facilitate the process of putting pressure on Russia   and will lead to a better negotiating power for European Union vis-à-vis Russia. The finding of the study shows that the European Union has come to the conclusion that asymmetric and imbalanced dependence on Russia for energy and the security threat and repercussion resulted from it in recent years can be balanced by expansion of relations with Central Asian countries and diversification of sources of energy. Manuscript profile

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hossein karimi fard

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- Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Idea Centric Order: the United States of America's Pattern of Order in Post Cold War International System
Alireza Rezaei

When the power structure changes in international politics in that situation the possibilities and ground for cooperation and new challenges are created and the pattern of relations among the actors will be adjusted out of traditional structure. In transition from bipol More

When the power structure changes in international politics in that situation the possibilities and ground for cooperation and new challenges are created and the pattern of relations among the actors will be adjusted out of traditional structure. In transition from bipolar structure the Americans considered themselves as the triumphant of the cold war and tried to establish their position in international system. The post cold war era created a suitable ground for the implementation of strategic objectives of the United States as the remaining pole of the world order. This referred to the effort of the United States leaders for consolidating their hegemony in post cold war international system. The question which arises is that how can we explain the United States pattern of international order in post cold war era? The underlying hypothesis is that the United States pattern of order in post cold war international order is within the framework of "idea centric order". In idea centric order the hegemony of the single pole designs and manages the world، regional and local dynamics. The idea centric order is based on certain norms، ways، patterns، rules، and criteria which the dominant player formulates، implements and justifies in the direction of its own national interests. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - The position of the Persian Gulf in China's energy security
Majid abbasi Mohammad Zaree

Nowadays, it seems power is the airplane that can descends in all lands for which infrastructures and facilities have been provided. Understanding this feature of power and providing appropriate infrastructures from earlier decades, China has anticipated the landing of More

Nowadays, it seems power is the airplane that can descends in all lands for which infrastructures and facilities have been provided. Understanding this feature of power and providing appropriate infrastructures from earlier decades, China has anticipated the landing of power’s airplane in its territory. In the literature of International Relations what is called ‘the power shift from the Atlantic to the Asia-Pacific’ can be an evidence for this claim. However, the crucial issue which must fuel china power’s airplane is the energy supplies and how to provide the stability and security of energy. Any fluctuation in the field of energy could enflame the problems accumulated inside Chinese society and destabilize the relationship between societal and political systems. It could challenge the china power and its status as a great power and affect actual international order as well. This article attempts to study the effect of Persian Gulf region as energy supplier on China energy security in several periods and the evolution of Chinese view about the Persian Gulf region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - the future of international order in 2030
ali asghar naeimi amir houshang mir kooshesh ali mohammadzadeh

DOR:20.1001.1.24234974.1399.13.4.4.0

Abstract The actors of the international system will always be aware of the future, as well as to determine their interactions and reactions, and to identify the future coordinates of the global system with the aim of maintaining their security and interests. By acknowl More

Abstract The actors of the international system will always be aware of the future, as well as to determine their interactions and reactions, and to identify the future coordinates of the global system with the aim of maintaining their security and interests. By acknowledging the international relations after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the world is practically ruled by a single-polar and despite the presence of China, Russia and the European Union in some global competition, still the hegemony of Washington almost exist. This article in response to the question of "The future of international order in the horizon of 2030?" has attempted to advance the global order based on the Games theory. Authors by using the " Scenario " method, argued that due to the constant effort of the States and a new actors such as India and Brazil to gain power in political, economic, cultural and military, global order will be changed. On the other hand, the USA's efforts to safeguard its hgemoni will cause the actor to maintain its focal focus, as a result of the current single-polar system to a single-multi-polarization system with the aforementioned focal classification and multi-focus (China, Russia, European Union, India and Brazil) will be changed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Future perspectives on the international order based on the conceptual model of the transition theory
mohsen biuck

One of the most distinguishing features of the modern international system is the dynamic nature of its orders. Despite the long rule of some types of international orders, these ruling orders were never permanent and changed and transformed on a regular basis. In gener More

One of the most distinguishing features of the modern international system is the dynamic nature of its orders. Despite the long rule of some types of international orders, these ruling orders were never permanent and changed and transformed on a regular basis. In general, in international relations literature, the period of transition or the transition period in the international system is defined as the time between the appearance of signs of deterioration of the traditional order and the formation of a new order. The period of transition in the international system has certain characteristics, and understanding these characteristics will greatly help policymaking and the way governments act to direct the future of the international order. In addition to explaining the characteristics of the transitional phase in the current international system, this research will use a descriptive-analytical approach and library study tools to draw consensus on the future of the international system. The research's findings demonstrate that, in accordance with conceptual evolution, semantic rotation, and theoretical rotation in the literature and concepts of international relations and the international system in transition, the inclusiveness and scope of the changes will be significantly wider than the change in official processes between governments. From this perspective, it will lead the world towards a pluralistic, multi-centered, multii-regional international order. The difference between this order and the traditional multipolar system will be the relative transition from the Westphalian and Western-oriented international system to the world-oriented international system, as well as the emergence of global politics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - The reflection of generations of human rights on north-southrelations
Hadi nasiri mehdi zakerian abdolali ghavam aliasghar kazemizand

The evolution of human rights on the one hand and the universality of this concept on the other hand have left a tremendous impact on the international system. In this evolution, we see the presence of three different regimes of human rights, including civil rights, soc More

The evolution of human rights on the one hand and the universality of this concept on the other hand have left a tremendous impact on the international system. In this evolution, we see the presence of three different regimes of human rights, including civil rights, social political rights, and collective rights; The justice-oriented view of human rights has been the most important goal of this process in the past 60 years. The effects of this concept on the relations between North and South countries is one of the topics that has been neglected in previous researches.In the present article, the basic question is "what role has human rights played in the convergence of these two areas, considering the growing gap in North-South relations". In response to this question, it can be hypothesized that "despite different perceptions and the priority of the specific interests of each country (both in the North and the South), paying attention to the universality of human rights and the third generation can reduce this gap." This article tries to examine the three concepts of human rights and the close relationship between human rights and development to show that technology transfer can bring new opportunities for southern countries. Manuscript profile

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23 - The Paradox of America's Foreign Policy in Syrian Crises
Mohammad sadegh Kooshki Mahjobeh Karimi

In the view of most analysts, the US foreign policy in the Syrian civil war has been very passive and ambiguous. Over the four years of civil war in Syria passed and the US has failed to adopt a firm stance against the crisis and arming the opposition, or full-scale mil More

In the view of most analysts, the US foreign policy in the Syrian civil war has been very passive and ambiguous. Over the four years of civil war in Syria passed and the US has failed to adopt a firm stance against the crisis and arming the opposition, or full-scale military attack on Syria remains uncertain. The resulting discontent among some American allies like Saudi Arabia and passive policies of Washington was considered. The root of this confusion was the ambiguous foreign policy strategy in relation to the confrontation with the Islamic awakening and overall outcome of US confusion in foreign policy at regional and international levels was evident. America’s credibility and global power relations on the one hand and undermine Washington's allies like Saudi Arabia and Israel in this regard can be summarized Manuscript profile

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24 - The Cinema and Soft Power, comparative politics of America and China
sadegh zibakalam jalil bayat

   The China's stunning economic growth in the past few decades has increased the likelihood of emerging a global superpower. However, in most researches, the importance of non-material dimensions of power has been neglected. Undoubtedly Concentration on the More

   The China's stunning economic growth in the past few decades has increased the likelihood of emerging a global superpower. However, in most researches, the importance of non-material dimensions of power has been neglected. Undoubtedly Concentration on the material dimensions of power has flaws and certainly it does not yield a comprehensive account of analysis. Thus the idea of "soft power" that was suggested by Joseph Nye would be required to fill gaps in this realm of research. Accordingly, one of the cultural resources of soft power is definitely cinema. Undoubtedly, cinema as strong tool of soft power plays a great role in propagating and shaping of norms and values. In this sense, film can be aligned with the values of others and play a major role in a country's international objectives. So, In this paper, we  try to survey the  cinema  (as a  tool of soft power) in America and China. Manuscript profile

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25 - Translate دگردیسی در ساختار نظام بین الملل و تحلیل مناقشات خاورمیانه 60/5000 Transformation in the structure of international and analysis of Middle East conflicts
sohrab enami alamdari

One of the main factors affecting the structure of the international system and influence the behavior of governments and indeed understand the evolution of international politics is the main focus. Because with the change in the shapes and forms of the international sy More

One of the main factors affecting the structure of the international system and influence the behavior of governments and indeed understand the evolution of international politics is the main focus. Because with the change in the shapes and forms of the international system requirements and possible disadvantages of the new that can impact the behavior of States other hand, the Middle East due to its diverse structure, identity and the complex has always been one of the international sub-systems influenced the international system. in this sense, trends, processes, cooperation, competition and conflict in this complex area also influenced the structure. In this format, the main question of the paper on which are formed, what effect on the structure of international conflicts in the Middle East? that in this area because of the different configuration of power, [22] Brzezinski, Zbigniew, (2012), Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power, Basic Books [23] Haass, Richard N.(May/June2008), ”The Age of Nonpolarity: What will Follow U.S Dominance”, Foreign Affairs, Vol.87, No.3, [24] Rosecrance. Richard N. (1969),“Bipolarity, Multipolarity and the Future” In James N. Rosenau (ed.). International Politics and Foreign Policy: A Reader in Research and Theory. (New York: The Free Press [25] Zakaria, Fareed, (2008), "The Post-American World", New York: Norton Company Manuscript profile

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