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Open Access Article
1 - The Prohibition of Almsgiving to Bani-Hashim in the Age of Revelation: A Historical Study
vahid baseriAlmsgiving to Muhammad and his family is not permissible”. The order to pay alms zakat was issued in the Ninth year AH and The Prophet sent his agents to the “newly converted” Arabs to receive zakat and at the same time forbade almsgiving to the Bani-H MoreAlmsgiving to Muhammad and his family is not permissible”. The order to pay alms zakat was issued in the Ninth year AH and The Prophet sent his agents to the “newly converted” Arabs to receive zakat and at the same time forbade almsgiving to the Bani-Hashim. This report, with a historical credibility, has had a wide and long reflection in the jurisprudence and theology of Muslims so far. There are three reasons given for issuing this prohibition: firstly, for the virtue of Bani-Hashem, then due to receiving khoms by Bani Hashim and finally because of the impurity of alms. But all those views are ambiguous and not compatible with The Prophet syrah. This paper shows that why The Prophet issued such an order. It seems that some cultural and historical factors such as the unpleasant and reluctancy of paying alms was the reason for the issuance of such a ban by The Prophet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigating the process of the descent of relative depth of space in improving the efficiency of the "courtyard" in traditional houses
Ali akbar Heidari maryam kiaeeThe purpose of this research is to evaluate and measure the efficiency of the yard space with an emphasis on the concept of functional radius in different types of traditional Iranian houses (Kashan & Esfehan). In reviewing the relative depth of sink function, it is MoreThe purpose of this research is to evaluate and measure the efficiency of the yard space with an emphasis on the concept of functional radius in different types of traditional Iranian houses (Kashan & Esfehan). In reviewing the relative depth of sink function, it is necessary to convert the quantitative data of the plan into quantitative data... In the physical composition of each home, spaces are divided into two categories: "service spaces" and "service spaces", where the combination of spaces together has a direct relationship with the function of the service provider or service provider. The layout model of the spaces of each home expresses the particular type of spatial relationships of that house, which is sometimes unique in buildings, and sometimes with a stable pattern, in the spatial relationship of the houses jointly observed. The purpose of this article is to examine the performance of the yard in a variety of Iranian house patterns, which is based on the definition of the functional radius of the yard in different patterns of the house. In order to test the above process, three different models of a gull, two gullies and three gullies in Kashan and three samples with the mentioned characteristics in Yazd were selected as case samples. In this research, in order to determine the functional efficiency of space, justification graphs and syntactical maths are used. Different parts of the house, like many other spaces, have spatial priorities and special rankings for better service and therefore a good performance. In the physical composition of each home, spaces are divided into two parts: "Service spaces" and "Service spaces", where the combination of spaces together has a direct relationship with the function of the service provider or service provider. The layout model of the spaces of each home expresses the particular type of spatial relationships of that house, which is sometimes unique in buildings, and sometimes with a stable pattern, in the spatial relationship of houses is seen jointly. The purpose of this article is to examine the performance of the yard in a variety of Iranian house patterns, which is based on the definition of the functional radius of the yard in different patterns of the house. In order to test the above process, three different models of a gull, two gullies and three gullies in Kashan and three samples with the mentioned characteristics in Yazd were selected as case samples. In this research, in order to determine the functional efficiency of space, justification graphs and syntactical maths are used. Accordingly, the research question in relation to the research goal is as follows:How does changing the functional radius in space increase or decrease the efficiency of the yard in the Iranian home?Accordingly, the hypothesis on the answer to the research question is as follows:The greater the functional radius of a space in the configuration of the building, the effective radius and the sphere of influence of that space decrease, and thus the efficiency of the space increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Stability analysis of impulsive fuzzy differential equations with finite delayed state
D. Naseh N. Pariz A. Vahidian KamyadIn this paper we introduce some stability criteria for impulsive fuzzy system of differential equations with finite delay in states. Firstly, a new comparison principle for fuzzy differential system compared to crisp ordinary differential equation, based on a notion of MoreIn this paper we introduce some stability criteria for impulsive fuzzy system of differential equations with finite delay in states. Firstly, a new comparison principle for fuzzy differential system compared to crisp ordinary differential equation, based on a notion of upper quasi-monotone nondecreasing, in N dimentional state space is presented. Furthermore, in order to analyze the stability of fuzzy dynamical systems, vector Lyapunov like functions are defined. Then, by using these vector Lyapunov-like functions together with the new comparison theorem which is presented before, we will get results for some concepts of stability (eventual stability, asymptotic stability, strong stability, uniform stability and their combinations) for impulsive fuzzy delayed system of differential equations. Moreover, some theorems for practical stability in terms of two measures are introduced and are proved. Finally, an illustrating example for stability checking of a system of differential equations with fuzziness and time delay in states is given. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Quran Revelation from Sheykhe- Mofid and Molla-Sadra Point of View Quran
Morteza KeshavarzBoth Sheykhe-Mofid and Molla-Sadra believe to revelation’s divinity.Sheykhe-mofid believed that the word of God is not eternal. Molla-Sadra has separated the word of God and the verbal text of Quran. Hehas believed that the word of God is eternal but the verbal te MoreBoth Sheykhe-Mofid and Molla-Sadra believe to revelation’s divinity.Sheykhe-mofid believed that the word of God is not eternal. Molla-Sadra has separated the word of God and the verbal text of Quran. Hehas believed that the word of God is eternal but the verbal text of Quranis not eternal. Sheykhe-Mofid believed that the God has createdrevelatory words and the prophet directly or indirectly has heard theserevelatory words and repeated them. He has denied the generalrevealed knowledge descending as collective and repulsive. Sheykhe-Mofid believed that Quran is an oral miracle. Molla-Sadra believed toboth, oral miracle and meaning miracle. But, his main emphasize is onmeaning miracle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Heavy metals concentrations (Ni / Pb / Cd) in Spinach (Spinacia oleraceae) with Effect of Atmospheric Desiccation (Case Study: Upper Hand and Downstream of Ramin Ahvaz Power Plant)
Ali Karimi Shooshtari Maryam Mohammadi RouzbahaniBackground and Objective: Several studies have been done to measure the concentration of heavy metals in vegetables, but so far, research on the determination of heavy metals in spinach and soil vegetation in upstream and downstream of the Ramin power plant using induct MoreBackground and Objective: Several studies have been done to measure the concentration of heavy metals in vegetables, but so far, research on the determination of heavy metals in spinach and soil vegetation in upstream and downstream of the Ramin power plant using inductively coupled plasma - Optical emission spectroscopy has not been performed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of cadmium, lead, and nickel in spinach and soil harvested from upstream and downstream fields of Ramin Power Plant.Material and Methodology: 99 vegetable and soil samples were collected. After chemical digestion (for soil using EPA 3050 and for plant using Jackson, 1980), preparation was performed by the ICP-OES induction plasma coupling device. Then, the results were analyzed using SPSS20 software.Findings: The results showed that concentrations of Cd, Pb and Ni in spinach and the soil bottom of the plant were 17.76, 20.89 and 43.68 mg / kg, 0.09, 0.1, 2.52 mg / kg, respectively. And in the spinach and the upper soil of the Ramin power plant were measured 6.81, 17.94 and 28.38 mg / kg, 0.88, 0.8 and 1.85 mg / kg respectively, which according to the standard limit. Concentration of cadmium, nickel and lead in spinach was higher and in soil below standard level. The concentration of all three metals in all vegetable samples was higher than the standard standard. The general pattern of concentrations of metals in vegetables and soil is Ni> Pb> Cd.Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the high concentration of heavy metals in spinach herb and the impact of atmospheric dry atmospheric precipitation in the region, focusing on the potential risk of heavy metals contamination for food safety and human health in agricultural soils and upstream and downstream Ramin power plants it is very necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Study on Heavy Metals Content (Fe, Pb and Cd) in Atmospheric Precipitation Collected from the High Traffic Intensity Regions of City of Hamedan
Bahare Baharmastian soheil Sobhanardakani saeed Jameh BozorgiBackground and Objective: Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems which can lead to the human health effects especially in the metropolitans. ­ Atmospheric precipitation including rain and snow are the most effective way for removing pollut MoreBackground and Objective: Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems which can lead to the human health effects especially in the metropolitans. ­ Atmospheric precipitation including rain and snow are the most effective way for removing pollutant from the atmosphere and its heavy metals can describe the variability of the environmental pollution in different urban areas. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the metal (Fe, Pb and Cd) concentrations in the atmospheric precipitation collected from high traffic intensity areas of city of Hamedan in 2014. Method: A total of 24 snow samples were collected from 8 selected stations located in different regions of city of Hamedan with high traffic intensity. The samples were stored in polyethylene bottles and were acidified at a pH lower than 2 by adding concentrated HNO3 in order to avoid metal adsorption onto the inner bottle walls. Element (Fe, Pb and Cd) concentrations were determined using ICP-OES. All statistical analyses were done by SPSS software. Findings: The results showed that the mean concentrations (µg/L) of Fe, Pb and Cd in snow samples were 69.5 ± 143, 10.2 ± 8.94 and 17.6 ± 0.290, respectively. Also, the mean concentrations of Cd were significantly higher than maximum permissible limits established by WHO. Conclusion: The results indicate that rainfall collected from the high traffic intensity regions of city of Hamedan is polluted with Cd due to the high traffic volumes and their emitted pollutions, therefore, for maintaining of surface and groundwater resources and also public health consider the suitable strategies is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Analysis and validation of the list of Ebn Abbas in the order of revelation of the surahs of the Quran
Alireza Sadreddiniahmadiani mojgan sarshar Maryam HajiabdolbaghiAbstract Some commentators and scholars of Quranic sciences believe that interpreting according to the order of the surahs is the best way to understand the Quran and serve it; Because in this way, the states and stages of revelation can be clearly and accurately unders MoreAbstract Some commentators and scholars of Quranic sciences believe that interpreting according to the order of the surahs is the best way to understand the Quran and serve it; Because in this way, the states and stages of revelation can be clearly and accurately understood, and in this way, the reader is placed in the space of the revelation of the Quran and its conditions, relationships, purposes, and concepts, and the wisdom of the revelation is revealed to him. Therefore, from the beginning of Islam, some companions and followers tried to collect the Quran based on the order of descent. In the meantime, the list provided by Ibn Abbas based on the narration of Ata Khorasani of the order in which the surahs of the Quran were revealed is more reliable. Abdullah ben Abbas was a distinguished student of Ali (PBUH) and his interpretations of various verses of the Qur'an have a privileged position in interpretation. It shows him well compared to other Companions. In this article, it has been shown with Quranic, historical and narrative evidence that the mentioned list also has many weaknesses, and the priority and delay of the surahs in that list is facing serious problems. In addition, the precedence and backwardness of the surahs in that list does not necessarily mean the precedence and backwardness of the verses of those surahs; Several examples have been given to clarify this matter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Analysis of the narrations of causes for the revelation of Qur'an with a historical approach
Reza RamezaniAlthough research on the causes of the revelation of Qur'an has been conducted in some ways, but it has not been conducted with the historical approach of research. In this article, the causes of revelation of the Qur'an have been analyzed with this approach. Orientalis MoreAlthough research on the causes of the revelation of Qur'an has been conducted in some ways, but it has not been conducted with the historical approach of research. In this article, the causes of revelation of the Qur'an have been analyzed with this approach. Orientalist skepticism in this regard necessitates investigating this issue. One of the contemporary Orientalists, Andrew Ripin is a figure who in his works, especially in his doctoral dissertation, has dealt with the causes of revelation with an independent jurisprudential approach and in some cases, emphasizes the historicity of the Qur'an. Nasr Hamed Abu Zayd in his book "The Concept of Text" has devoted a chapter to the causes of revelation and in this regard, emphasizes historicity and considers the Qur'anic text as all texts, "cultural phenomena" and "product of interaction with living historical reality" and doesn't consider the causes of revelation nothing but the social context of the verses of the Holy Quran. To answer these doubts, this article emphasizes that the causes of revelation of the Qur'an not only limit the generality and immortality, but to achieve immortality, there is no escape from paying attention to the objective facts of the age of revelation. The criticism of this theory is the lack of attention to the rule of "generality of the word, not specific cause". Despite the special revelation of some verses, the generality of their meanings is certain among the jurists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Methods of Darwazeh in order to determine the descent of the Holy Quran Suras
Amir Ahmadnezhad Atefeh MohammadzadehJoin this chapter of the Qur'an, the knowledge that the exact or approximate date and the divine revelation of these units is discussed. Mohamed Azza Drwazeh in Al-Tafsir Al-Hadith , according to the interpretation of the historic nature of his effort in this case, usin MoreJoin this chapter of the Qur'an, the knowledge that the exact or approximate date and the divine revelation of these units is discussed. Mohamed Azza Drwazeh in Al-Tafsir Al-Hadith , according to the interpretation of the historic nature of his effort in this case, using the Qur'an, in descending order lists and validity of the data. Convinced that his own principles of belief in Quranic sciences and historical topics obtained. Techniques in this quran applies to new results on the timing of events in the early history of Islam and how to achieve. Bottom of Form. His most important ways we can prioritize the use of resources under dating, sort of chapters based on the information they rely on historical turning points, according to the revelation of verses, according to Shariah rulings and carefully reflect on the course during the fall signs and similar sur classify and analyze. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Review of methods on dating Quran
Mansoor pahlevan Ebrahim Eghbaal Mohammad ali Heidari Mazraee aakhondIn traditional dating methods on dating Quran, subject, style and technique, statistical, psychological and hobbies and preferences are common. statistical methods alone do not go far enough, This comprehensive approach should be adopted in which a mixture of narration MoreIn traditional dating methods on dating Quran, subject, style and technique, statistical, psychological and hobbies and preferences are common. statistical methods alone do not go far enough, This comprehensive approach should be adopted in which a mixture of narration and of ijtihad. This first suras narratives in descending order, the validity of the document and the text is examined and Obtained, makki and madani saras Then, according to the narrative of each chapter would fall within the time specified Then, taking into account the conditions and characteristics of style and thematic chapters in both madani and makki data, and intermittence period, dating empowerment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Quran Sciences role to Explain Quran's Diacritic
Qasem Bostani Nasreh Baji Quanic Diacritics and analysis of this Holy manuscript based on Arabic rules is one of the most ancient Quranic Islamic sciences. On the other hand sometimes different diacritic may be added to the same word or lexicon in which the need to an appropriate tool in o More Quanic Diacritics and analysis of this Holy manuscript based on Arabic rules is one of the most ancient Quranic Islamic sciences. On the other hand sometimes different diacritic may be added to the same word or lexicon in which the need to an appropriate tool in order to check the accuracy or inaccuracy is felt. One of the most important documents and sources to explain these diacritic. But what is the science for explaining the diacritic? The present paper initially and briefly attempts to study the Qauranic sciences semantics and then the Arabic diacritic science in library method and offers samples of their applications in different fields; it tries to answer the related questions and describes how the Quranic sciences aid interpreters to explain these diacritics; and how these explanations removes the doubts in Quran's accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Dating Adiyat Surah
Hossein Jeddi Ibrahim EqbalDating the Quran's Surahs in correct recognition and reputed selections or rejection is an effective issue. This is based on another recognition which is Makkiyah or Madaniyah of a Surah. Makkiyah or Madaniyah science believes that most Surahs are Makkiyah&nbs MoreDating the Quran's Surahs in correct recognition and reputed selections or rejection is an effective issue. This is based on another recognition which is Makkiyah or Madaniyah of a Surah. Makkiyah or Madaniyah science believes that most Surahs are Makkiyah and less Madaniyah but also there is a disagreement on some. Adiyat Sura is in the third group; that's why its dating is a difficult issue as well as important. By documental and contextual study in a comparative method, one can find out it is Madaniyah. If it is considered Madaniyah all disagreements and conflicts would be finalized and it helps the appropriate topic selection as well as its dating; it also presents one of Imam Ali's accomplishments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Expressions of authority cited in Chapter Anshrah
Mehdi momtahen Badee'ollah sadriRemember the mention of God is answering the call of nature . Because clay is human nature to love God . Different interpretations of the above verse Lak Vrfna Zkrk ( Anshrah / 4) expressed in this paper describes an approach - different interpretations of this document MoreRemember the mention of God is answering the call of nature . Because clay is human nature to love God . Different interpretations of the above verse Lak Vrfna Zkrk ( Anshrah / 4) expressed in this paper describes an approach - different interpretations of this document and review we conclude that the order of mention in this verse , the holy Prophet ( pbuh ) and famous conjoin them and called out the name of Allah, the Prophet and the five prayers on the Prophet 's mission is to facilitate the work of all the special gift of God to the Prophet ( PBUH ), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A Study on Sides Interpretations on 61st Verse of Repentance Surah ب
Alireza Zaki Zadeh Ranani Azadeh Ebrahimi FakhariInfighters called Prophet Mohammad «أُذُنٌ»for His character assassination and to show him unstable and introduce him naïve and capricious. Almighty Lord confirms his «أُذُنٌ» adjective to defend and support him but call him with MoreInfighters called Prophet Mohammad «أُذُنٌ»for His character assassination and to show him unstable and introduce him naïve and capricious. Almighty Lord confirms his «أُذُنٌ» adjective to defend and support him but call him with a higher adjective as«أُذُنُ خَیْرٍ» . Studying commonalities and inharmoniousness of Sunnite and Shiite interpreters would aid us to avail more complete meanings of the Verses. In interpretation of 61st Verse of Repentance Surah, common ideas and thinking can be seen but two issues: one is on «أُذُنُ خَیْرٍ» which Shiite interpreters consider it as good listener and Sunnite one interpret it as the listener of goods. The other disagreement is on the cause of revelation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Sunnite's enjoyment of Ahl Al Beit in Quranic Sciences
Marziyeh Okati Gholam Reza Razavi Doust Ibrahim NouriAhl Al Beit has left precious and priceless traditions such as Quranic science issues. Sunnite scholars also have enjoyed them differently. The present paper – after studying Sunnite's Quranic science books – analyzes and divided Sunnite scholars' enjoyment MoreAhl Al Beit has left precious and priceless traditions such as Quranic science issues. Sunnite scholars also have enjoyed them differently. The present paper – after studying Sunnite's Quranic science books – analyzes and divided Sunnite scholars' enjoyment of Ahl Al Beit. The enjoyments are divided in the following categories: preference enjoyment – which shows the preference of Ahl Al Beit's traditions than others. Citing enjoyment which cites the accuracy of Ahl Al Beit's words. Approval, critical and ignorance enjoyment are other types and comes to the conclusion that the Sunnites scholars have enjoyed Ahl Al Beit traditions variously. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - A Research on al-Mutaffifin Dating
Fathiyeh Fattahi Zadeh Masoumeh ShirdelDetermining the order and time of the Suras revelation were of chronic issues in Quranic Sciences interpretation. The important subject in this field is the position of al-Mutaffifin surah which is not clear to consider it as the last Makki Surah or the first Mada MoreDetermining the order and time of the Suras revelation were of chronic issues in Quranic Sciences interpretation. The important subject in this field is the position of al-Mutaffifin surah which is not clear to consider it as the last Makki Surah or the first Madani Surah. According to narrations and oral witnesses on Quran Suras dating, it could be seen that most traditions expres al-Mutaffifin is followed by Ankabout (Spider) Surah. It also can be concluded that according to Mohammad's Hegira and its distance with the begging of the Hijri calendar, the revelation of this surah is close to His Hegira. The characteristics of this surah express that it is Makki. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Typology of Traditions’ Texts in Mujahid’s Interpretation
Elham Zarrin KolahMujahid Ibn Jabr was one of the famous successors (followers) interpreters of second century and most successful student of Ibn Abbas. He owned “Mujahid’s Interpretation” other than many traditions in narrative interpretation. The manuscript of the mentioned interpretat MoreMujahid Ibn Jabr was one of the famous successors (followers) interpreters of second century and most successful student of Ibn Abbas. He owned “Mujahid’s Interpretation” other than many traditions in narrative interpretation. The manuscript of the mentioned interpretation is kept in Egyptian library in Egypt with No. 1075. The present article attempts to do typology of traditions’ texts and Quranic issues in this interpretation with librarian method and by data analysis. Most traditions – about 65 percent – are related to terms and phrases expressions. Thus the mentioned interpretation can be titled “lexical interpretation” as well. It is remarkable to state that simile, Arabicized words, imagery and meaningful disjoined letters were initially expressed in Mujahid’s interpretation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Review and critique of the famous view on the order of Mus'hef of Imam Ali (AS)
Reza Mehdianfar Seyedeh Arezoo Bani Sadr Raziyeh YousefvandThere are claims about the arrangement of Mus'hef of the Amir (AS) without convincing evidence, which need to be re-examined in order to answer the doubts and ambiguities about the arrangement of form in the Qur'an and success of this issue. In this case, the deception MoreThere are claims about the arrangement of Mus'hef of the Amir (AS) without convincing evidence, which need to be re-examined in order to answer the doubts and ambiguities about the arrangement of form in the Qur'an and success of this issue. In this case, the deception of the enemies against the Mawla Motaghiyan to disrupt the confiscation order of the Holy Qur'an and also to falsely validate the three caliphs, which is the same effort to organize the order of the scattered Surahs of the Holy Qur'an, to be answered. The realization of this matter will be done by citing sound rational and narrative reasons, the necessity of the Mus'hef being identical with the Qur'an, and the existing Qur'an, as well as the infallibility of the Amir (AS), as well as the text and document of these claims. The research method is descriptive so that we can finally reach the desirable result by the library studying and using various printed and internet sources. Therefore, in order to find the answers to the research questions, by referring to old and new sources, we have traced the roots of this view and proved its invalidity from a historical, hadith and textual perspective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Model-Free Discrete Time Control for Scara Robot Manipulators Using Descending Gradient Algorithm
reza zarin siamak azargoshasbDiscrete control of the robot manipulators with uncertain model is the purpose of this paper. The proposed control design is model-free by employing an adaptive fuzzy estimator in the controller for the estimation of uncertainty as unknown function. An adaptive mechanis MoreDiscrete control of the robot manipulators with uncertain model is the purpose of this paper. The proposed control design is model-free by employing an adaptive fuzzy estimator in the controller for the estimation of uncertainty as unknown function. An adaptive mechanism is proposed in order to overcome uncertainties. Parameters of the fuzzy estimator are adapted to minimize the estimation error using a novel gradient descent algorithm. The proposed model-free discrete control is robust against all uncertainties associated with the robot manipulator and actuators including model’s uncertainty and external disturbances. The most gradient descent algorithms have used a known cost function based on the tracking error for adaptation whereas the proposed algorithm has proposed a cost function based on the uncertainty estimation error. Then, the uncertainty estimation error is calculated from the joint position error and its derivative using the closed-loop system. Most control algorithms require all state variable feedback to ensuring stability for the robot manipulators. Practical implementation of this control method is easy because it has a decentralized structure and measures only from the joint position. The simulation results confirm the correct operation of this method and we will prove the stability of the control system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Sanaees view about" the unity Of Existence
Felor valipour Chahardah cherik Reza ElahimaneshIn investigating viewpoint of Sanaee about "Unity of Existence", locality of God, World and Human in perspective of Sanaee are considered. God is unique Essence that is not dualism- bearer. By view point of Sanaee. He is outstanding, summary of all Existence – worlds an MoreIn investigating viewpoint of Sanaee about "Unity of Existence", locality of God, World and Human in perspective of Sanaee are considered. God is unique Essence that is not dualism- bearer. By view point of Sanaee. He is outstanding, summary of all Existence – worlds and containing ascending and descending arch that target of his creation is the insight of God. He entered from transcendental world (non- existence) to arena of world to reach to insight desert and unity with Right and survival by God. World of Existence also is manifestation Divine glory and shadow of Right (God). Manuscript profile -
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21 - The Effect of Biomechanical Operations on Rangeland Vegetation (Case Study: Rangelands of Abarkooh, Yazd)
saeede sedghiExecution of rainfall storage operationsis is one of the most important methods of improving and restoring rangeland vegetation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rainfall storage on vegetation factors in winter rangelands of Abarkooh, Yazd. The succ MoreExecution of rainfall storage operationsis is one of the most important methods of improving and restoring rangeland vegetation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rainfall storage on vegetation factors in winter rangelands of Abarkooh, Yazd. The success of biomechanical operations was evaluated through the analysis of vegetation factors including canopy cover, production, regeneration, and density in four treatments: control, pitting, contour furrows, and crescent ponds. The sample was selected through random – systematical method of sampling with the establishment of transects and plots. One-way between groups ANOVA was run in order to analyze the data. The results showed that the studied factors had a significant difference at the statistical level of one percent (P <0.01). So that in the crescent ponds method Percentage of canopy, production, density and regeneration of plant species had the highest value with 8.5, 39.25, 6.6 and 3.9, respectively, in comparison with the other two methods. These factors did not show a significant difference with the control in contour furrows and Pitting methods. The results of this study showed that crescent ponds had a greater effect on restoration and increase of vegetation compared with contour furrows meter and pitting methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Analysis of historical features and main elements of the story of Prophet Moses in the light of understanding the atmosphere of revelation of verses
Fatemeh Babaali Mohammad Mehdi Taqdisi Jafar NekoonamAbstractThe study of Qur'anic stories based on the atmosphere of revelation reveals some facts and concepts. In this article, the story of Prophet Moses as a section of history has been studied with such an approach. This study seeks to answer the question that; What ar MoreAbstractThe study of Qur'anic stories based on the atmosphere of revelation reveals some facts and concepts. In this article, the story of Prophet Moses as a section of history has been studied with such an approach. This study seeks to answer the question that; What are the historical features and main elements of the story of Prophet Moses? And to what extent is knowing the space of revelation of verses effective in recognizing these main features and elements? In this article, the story of Prophet Moses based on knowing the atmosphere of revelation of verses and with analytical and comparative method, has been studied and the historical features and main elements of the Qur'anic story of Prophet Moses have been achieved, including: Conditions Fear, the thoughts of the children of Israel and their actions, the discussion of time and back and forward events along with the atmosphere, attention to the elements and events in the time of Prophet Moses, the use of words indicating certainty or doubt and .... Of course the relevant verses The story of Prophet Moses also includes general rules that are valid in other times and places, and this is the divine tradition. Manuscript profile -
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23 - Contemporary Quranic Approaches to Occasions of Revelation
Pezhman QasemiThe science of Occasions of Revelation is one of the oldest issues discussed in Quranic sciences and id related to the understanding of the Qur'an. In the contemporary era, despite the persistence of the views of the classical Qur'anic scholars, almost all the disciplin MoreThe science of Occasions of Revelation is one of the oldest issues discussed in Quranic sciences and id related to the understanding of the Qur'an. In the contemporary era, despite the persistence of the views of the classical Qur'anic scholars, almost all the disciplines of this science have undergone changes. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical approach, examines the approaches of the Qur'anic scholars and the evolution of their views in this field. The present study shows that the continuity of the views of the past in the contemporary period is the result of factors such as the tendency to interpret based on narratives and, moreover, the tendency to imitate the interpretive style of the past. These changes are mainly due to the evolution of views on the nature of the Qur'anic text, the extent to which the Qur'anic text interacts with reality, a critical approach to the traditions, the belief in the need for a rigorous rethinking of the views of the past, and a comprehensive examination of religious heritage. Contemporary times appear to have been the era of debates about the causes of revelation, and have led to many views, whether views such as the independence of interpretation with regard to the causes and that it is not necessary for the definition of occasion of revelation to include the cause of revelation, the point that has been approved by most commentators. This study will detail the critiques of such commentators, as well as numerous other views that have been accepted by Muslim commentators. Manuscript profile -
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24 - How to find Criteria for Dating Surahs In the Chronological Interpretation of the Qur'an
رضوانه دستجانی فراهانی abbas ashrafi ahmad akoochekianThe historiography of the Qur'an is considered a suitable criterion and tool for correcting or confirming many narrations, the causes of revelation, the order of revelation, determine the place of revelation in Mecca or Medina, and the Prophet’s biography. The fol MoreThe historiography of the Qur'an is considered a suitable criterion and tool for correcting or confirming many narrations, the causes of revelation, the order of revelation, determine the place of revelation in Mecca or Medina, and the Prophet’s biography. The following article, with an analytical and descriptive method and with the aim of getting acquainted with the correct and effective principles and criteria of the history of the Holy Quran, examines the dating methods of the commentators so that the solutions and possibility of writing new interpretations can be examined based on the order of revelation. The result of this research is that these theories alone cannot offer a comprehensive method for dating the Holy Quran. The preferred view focuses on this combined ijtihad process, which can pave the way for the dating of Sur by completing Rijālī, rational, historical studies in terms of statistical and mathematical probabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Evidence of Preferring al-Kisāʼī’s Reading in Q: 66: 3 and its Role in Debunking the Interpretation of Quranic Verses
حسین خوشدل مفردThe commentators have disagreed on the meaning and reason for the revelation of the first verses of Surah Tahrīm, The narrations do not cause the revelation of the first verses of this surah in a way that eliminates this difference; Because in addition to the fragmentat MoreThe commentators have disagreed on the meaning and reason for the revelation of the first verses of Surah Tahrīm, The narrations do not cause the revelation of the first verses of this surah in a way that eliminates this difference; Because in addition to the fragmentation of votes and the existence of signs of forgery and distortion in most of them, he has not clearly interpreted this phrase. In this article, we have shown that the recitation of Kasāī, narrated by Abu Bakr ibn ‘Ayyāsh, paves the way for understanding and interpreting this part of the verse. The emphasis of the narrators of this recitation on the fact that it is the same recitation of Imam Ali (as) shows that it is cited by the Ahl al-Bayt. Therefore, this reading, both in terms of document and semantics and its conformity with the verse, is preferable to the common reading, and the authority of this reading, from accepting the narrations, causes the false revelation of the Sunnis that the secret of the Prophet was announced by Abu Bakr and Omar knows, as well as the Shiite narrations, which were probably forged in contrast to the Sunni narrations and introduces the secret and the head of the Prophet (PBUH) as the guardianship of Imam Ali (AS), and removes the ambiguity in the verse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Qur'an's encounter with slavery in the linear path of descent
ahmad rabbanikhah Farzad Dehghani mohammad alimohammadiOne of the main characteristics of the Qur'an in the struggle against the ignorant traditions is the gradual view of the linear path of revelation, and this is important due to paying attention to the requirements of the time, the audience, and ultimately the establishm MoreOne of the main characteristics of the Qur'an in the struggle against the ignorant traditions is the gradual view of the linear path of revelation, and this is important due to paying attention to the requirements of the time, the audience, and ultimately the establishment of rulings.One of these issues is the issue of slavery and the rulings related to it that the present study seeks to answer the questions with a descriptive-analytical method and library-citation collection tools, why the Qur'an did not suddenly order the release of slaves? And how does the Qur'an depict the freedom of slaves in the line of descent? The findings of the study indicate that the gradual sentence of slavery was issued based on the conditions of the society of that day to prevent the disruption of the economic, social and political order of the society of that day.The Qur'an's confrontation with slavery is divided into the first, middle and final stages. The first stage involves four steps: the enthusiasm for freeing slaves, loving and cherishing a slave, calling for equality between masters and slaves, and allowing slaves to marry free men. The intermediate stage consists of four steps: spending wealth to free slaves from good deeds, the social superiority of believing slaves over free polytheists, freeing slaves at the hands of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The Role of Kinship in Providing Security from the Viewpoint of Holy Quran Based upon Historical Anthropology
Mahmoud Karimi Mohammad Hossein Shirzad Mohammad Hassan Shirzad"Security" is one of the most basic needs of human beings around the world. That's why the methods for providing security have received widespread attention from the Holy Qur'an. However, due to the long distance from the time of revelation of the Holy Qur'an, security More"Security" is one of the most basic needs of human beings around the world. That's why the methods for providing security have received widespread attention from the Holy Qur'an. However, due to the long distance from the time of revelation of the Holy Qur'an, security is often confined to concepts such as fighting or verses such as Anfal/60, and other important aspects of this issue has been far from the view of Islamic scholars. Therefore, the present research is an attempt to (A) study one of the main, neglected sources of security in the context of revelation, namely kinship, based upon anthropological approach, and (B) review the most important parts of Qur'anic teachings in this respect. This study shows that the Holy Qur'an uses the capacity of social institutions including kinship to promote security. Moreover, The Holy Qur'an seizes opportunities in consanguinity, affinity and fiction kinship to establish peace and security in societies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Analysis of reading attributed to Imaam Sadeq from the second verse of “Maʿāriǧ”
zahra zarei Elaheh ShahpasandAnalysis of reading attributed to Imaam Sadeq from the second verse of “Maʿāriǧ”Some readings on formal volumes have a pure Shiite essence that led to accusations against shia toward interpolation of Quran. And this shows the importance of examination of the MoreAnalysis of reading attributed to Imaam Sadeq from the second verse of “Maʿāriǧ”Some readings on formal volumes have a pure Shiite essence that led to accusations against shia toward interpolation of Quran. And this shows the importance of examination of these readings.This article does a case study on the reading akin to Imaam Sadeq from the second verse of “Maʿāriǧ” chapter that consists of the run-in term “Wilāya ʿAlī”.This research in two sections: a. Dating of narration based on “isnaad-qum-matn” analysis, b. Historical analysis of narration in order to finding the motivation of distribution, tends to study characteristics of this reading and concluded that distribution date of this reading is around year 148 of lunar calendar. Examining historical and disputation atmosphere of the era obtains that this reading distributed in the aura of political and cultural warfare against “ʿAbbāsiyān” house for improving vision of the society toward distinguish of the real instance of “Walī”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Geometric Structure of the Historical Verses of the Holy Qur'an
Mohammad hasan Ahmadi Historical verses have taken a considerable part of the verses of the Qur'an and, at the same time, have been left out of focus. What is the meaning of the historical verses, the extent of its distribution and frequency in the Qur'an, and what classification of th More Historical verses have taken a considerable part of the verses of the Qur'an and, at the same time, have been left out of focus. What is the meaning of the historical verses, the extent of its distribution and frequency in the Qur'an, and what classification of these verses can be presented and basically, what is the point of distinguishing these verses from other verses of the Qur'an? There are questions can be answered in this article. Hence we will devise a comprehensive overview of the Qur'anic historical verses to rely on a more comprehensive look at this section of the Qur'anic verses. The study of these verses will show that two approaches (minimal and maximal) could be proposed regarding to the historical verses. Based on this, we first examine the structure of the historical verses and then its features, and then we will explain the relationship between the historical verses with the Bible and, in this regard, we will present a new perspective and a new perspective on "Historical commentary" will also be raised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - A Critical Study of the Historical Exegesis Method
Hadiseh Solaymani The historical exegesis is a theory in the field of the Holy Quran exegesis methods taken into consideration by some exegetes and Quran scholars in the contemporary era. They have evaluated this method as credible in exegesis and description of the Quranic More The historical exegesis is a theory in the field of the Holy Quran exegesis methods taken into consideration by some exegetes and Quran scholars in the contemporary era. They have evaluated this method as credible in exegesis and description of the Quranic verses. The current study, based on librarysources and their analysis and description, proceeds to evaluate the weaknesses and strengths of this method and finally, it would state that although some basics and principles of historical exegesis such as the narrations on revelation order, do not enjoy the required and sufficient firmness, they can be used especially in the field of ethics, in general. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - بازخوانی مفهوم ربا در قرآن کریم بر پایۀ روش معناشناسی ساختگرا
محمد حسن شیرزاد محمد حسین شیرزاد -
Open Access Article
32 - The Explicit Text of the Qur'an on the Vilāyat of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (as). "Analytical Study of Balāgh Verse"
Mohammad Reza AramThis research interprets the verse Balāgh according to the Shia and Sunni interpretations and while referring to hadiths and narrations, it explains its connection with the guardianship, vilāyah and imamate of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (peace be upon him) and also, while ana MoreThis research interprets the verse Balāgh according to the Shia and Sunni interpretations and while referring to hadiths and narrations, it explains its connection with the guardianship, vilāyah and imamate of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (peace be upon him) and also, while analyzing this verse, it deals with the existing doubts in the meaning of this verse and then examines various aspects of the meaning of the verse Balāgh and the cause of its revelation. The author has explained the connection of this verse with the preceding and following verses - which are about people of the book - in the form of several questions and answers.This verse clearly shows that the Messenger has no other duty than to carry out the mission and deliver the message, and the one who has gone under the burden of the mission, of course, must rise to its requirements, which is the propagation and delivery of the matter of the vilāyah.Keywords: Verse Balāgh, the Guardianship and Imamate of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (peace be upon him), Convey of the message, the Cause of revelation, Ghadīr Khum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - -
parviz rezaei gholamreza janbazi ghobadi alireza jafarzadeh -
Open Access Article
34 - A philosophical-theological research on the Faithfulness of the Qur'anic verses
Muhammad Baqir Ameri NiaOne of the issues that is important in terms of the Qur'anic and can be said in our time as a verbal or semiotic question is the issue of "the revelation of Quranic words and phrases". The claim that all the words of the Holy Qur'an, including the literal letters and wo MoreOne of the issues that is important in terms of the Qur'anic and can be said in our time as a verbal or semiotic question is the issue of "the revelation of Quranic words and phrases". The claim that all the words of the Holy Qur'an, including the literal letters and words of divine revelation, should be put forward in a scientific and reasoning form. The present article, recalling the statements of some Islamic theologians and religious scholars and other religious scholars and referring to some rational evidences, and specifically narrates on the abundance of Quranic verses, seeks to prove this, the claim that one observes It is one of the most basic Islamic beliefs and is of particular importance. The rational-narrative and Qur'anic compilation typology and the position of the word in this insight make the present view more than a mere spiritualistic view of the Qur'an. Therefore, this article is a philosophical-theological research in the field of divine revelation and the Qur'anic study of the revelation claim Being the words of the Quran, in addition to its meaning, is insistent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Dating of Surah Ṭāhā Based on the Concept of Emigration in the Story of Prophet Moses (as)
Fatemeh Sanei Davood Esmaili Amir Ahmad NejadSurah Ṭāhā was revealed in Mecca according to the consensus of commentators and Qur’an scholars. According to the lists of the order of revelation, Surah Ṭāhā was revealed after Surah Maryam, while other historical narrations and ijtihādi lists and some historical evide MoreSurah Ṭāhā was revealed in Mecca according to the consensus of commentators and Qur’an scholars. According to the lists of the order of revelation, Surah Ṭāhā was revealed after Surah Maryam, while other historical narrations and ijtihādi lists and some historical evidences state the priority of revelation of Surah Ṭāhā compared to Surah Maryam. In this article, after examining different viewpoints in this field and with a critical approach to the lists of the order of narrative descent, the verses of Surah Ṭāhā, especially the story of Prophet Moses (as), have been analyzed using the method of content analysis. Examining the historical sources and referring to the content of the Surah as the most accurate tool in dating shows that the story of Prophet Moses (as) and the part related to his emigration with the Israelites is related to the emigration of Muslims to Habasha indicates that this surah was revealed before the emigration to Habasha. In addition, the discovery of the connection between Surah Ṭāhā and the emigration of Muslims to Habasha played an effective role in evaluating the lists of the order of descent and is considered one of the important achievements of this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - بررسی شواهد منتقله بودن روایت سبعه احرف
سید رضا مؤدب کامران اویسی -
Open Access Article
37 - Predicting Capital Market Returns Using the Learning Model of Levenberg-Marquardt, Gradient descent and ARIMA Algorithm
mehdi asharion ghomizadeh mohammad mahmoodiThe present study compares and predicts the predictive ability of the capital market based on the learning pattern of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, the Gradient descent and the ARIMA Algorithm. For this purpose, market data were used in the period from 1394 to 1397 MoreThe present study compares and predicts the predictive ability of the capital market based on the learning pattern of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, the Gradient descent and the ARIMA Algorithm. For this purpose, market data were used in the period from 1394 to 1397, and more than 75% of these data were used as training data prior to 1397, and one year end data were used as data. The results of the evaluation of the research data show that artificial neural networks have a high capacity for price prediction.The results also showed that in both training data series from 1394 to 1396 and experimental of 1397 the comparison of the results and performance of ARIMA neural networks (ARIMA) showed that the neural network had higher predictive power in Comparing with the performance and prediction accuracy of two types of neural networks with the Levenberg-Marquardt learning algorithm and the Gradient descent learning algorithm using the Levenberg-Marquardt learning algorithm has been able to increase the neural network prediction accuracy And reduce its error, so, the results of the present study show, the Levenberg-Marquardt learning algorithm improves the predictive power of the neural network. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - بررسی تحلیلی مسئله «فترت وحی» در ارتباط با نزول آیات قرآن کریم
Mojtaba Mohammadi Anvigh مرتضی قاسمیThere are traditional Islamic narratives that imply the occurrence of an intermission in the Prophet of Islam’s (PBUH) connection with the Angel of Revelation at some point during the revelation of the Quran in Early Islam. As a result, Quranic verses were not sent dow MoreThere are traditional Islamic narratives that imply the occurrence of an intermission in the Prophet of Islam’s (PBUH) connection with the Angel of Revelation at some point during the revelation of the Quran in Early Islam. As a result, Quranic verses were not sent down on the Prophet (PBUH) for some time ranging from three days to three years according to different narratives. It must be noted that Quranic verses were revealed gradually so that after the revelation of certain verses, there had to be an intermission until the next verses could be revealed. However, the idea of an intermission in revelation cannot be interpreted as a specifically long period of disconnection [between the Prophet and the Angel of Revelation] in the early Islam. Some of the reasons for rejecting such an interpretation include the following: The need for the revelation of the Quran as a miracle in the early days of the Prophet’s mission, the deriving of the issue of intermission from the concept of secret invitation, lack of historical and conceptual fit between Quranic verses and the idea of a disconnection in revelation, and invalid narratives concerning such a disconnection in revelation. The current study tried to provide a critical analysis of the narratives on intermission in revelation by paying a special attention to the history of Quran’s revelation and a content analysis of Quranic verses. Manuscript profile
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