List of Articles مکه

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  1 - Ribāã –i Rāmisht: A Study of Works and Services of an Iranian Merchant in Mecca
  منصور داداش نژاد
  Abul-Qasim Ramesht(d.534 AH) was a generous Iranian merchant who left lasting and prominent works in Mecca and other places, including the institution of a ribāt (fortress) that was a place for investigation and education; the preparation of kiswat al Ka'aba (Ka'aba&rsq More

  Abul-Qasim Ramesht(d.534 AH) was a generous Iranian merchant who left lasting and prominent works in Mecca and other places, including the institution of a ribāt (fortress) that was a place for investigation and education; the preparation of kiswat al Ka'aba (Ka'aba’s cover) and building a golden gutter  for it. Although his achievements have been depicted in the Arabic sources, his biography and the description of his works were not hinted at Persian sources. This paper, by collecting the scattered information about Abul-QasimRamesht, attempts to introduce his Iranian merchant who is unknown today but was famous at his time. Thereby, to illuminate a part of Iranians' contribution in the prosperity of Islamic civilization.   Manuscript profile
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  2 - Blessing and its Equipment in Quran and Hadith
  Jamal Farzand vahy Zahra Zaheri Rouhollah Zaheri
  This world's equipment is not limited to money and appearance but there is another affair in other world which relates unworldly and moral ones which has precise and adorable relationship with this world's affairs. One of these morals is Bounty or Blessing which has bro More

  This world's equipment is not limited to money and appearance but there is another affair in other world which relates unworldly and moral ones which has precise and adorable relationship with this world's affairs. One of these morals is Bounty or Blessing which has brought in Holy Quran as Elevated, Blessed, Fortunate and Auspicious about thirty two times. The present paper studies the word "Blessing" and its equipment such as Holy Quran, Pray, Hajj, to Promote Virtue and Prevent Vice, visit the sick, charity, places and times, eatables and drinkables and animals. The method is librarian and the applied main recourse is Holy Quran. Being familiar with the equipment and their application in daily life are the main goals of this article. Manuscript profile
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  3 - The position of Iranian bureaucrats in the structure of the Abbasid caliphate(Bramke-Al Sahl family)
  fatemeh parsafar Mohammad Sepehri nematallah ahmadinasab
  10.30495/hstr.2024.1990150.1862
  The Abbasids, who had reached the caliphate with the support of the Iranians, paid special attention to the Iranian bureaucrats for the administration of the Islamic empire. Among the Iranian ministers of the Abbasid court, the two families of Al-Barmak and Al-Sahl had More

  The Abbasids, who had reached the caliphate with the support of the Iranians, paid special attention to the Iranian bureaucrats for the administration of the Islamic empire. Among the Iranian ministers of the Abbasid court, the two families of Al-Barmak and Al-Sahl had a very high and impressive position.The scientific and social credibility of the Bermakians, along with their support of the Iranians, caused the anger and jealousy of the Arabs, who were afraid of the presence and power of the Iranians. Among the reasons for the increasing influence of Iranians among the Abbasids, two reasons are more prominent: firstly, because of the skill and background of the Iranians in the art of circuitous government, and secondly, that Khorasan was governed by local Iranian rulers. Therefore, it was necessary for Ma'mun to follow a conciliatory policy in order to gain their satisfaction. Based on what was said, the central question of the current research is what position did the Iranian bureaucrats have in the structure of the Abbasid Caliphate?The assumption of the research is that the Iranian bureaucrats, including the Bramke family and the Sahl family, practically took over all the political powers of the government and managed the affairs according to their opinion due to their influence in the Abbasid caliphate. The current research is based on library method and descriptive-analytical method Manuscript profile
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  4 - رابطه بین استفاده از کمکهای بصری، نوع متون شنیداری و عملکرد زبان آموزان پیشرفته انگلیسی در آزمون شنیداری
  غلامرضا کیانی سارا جلالی
  ارزیابی مهارت شنیداری از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار می باشد. عوامل زیادی بر نحوه عملکرد زبان آموزان در تستهای شنیداری تاثیرگذار  هستند، از قبیل استفاده از ویدیو، انواع مختلف متون شنیداری، وجود کمکهای بصری و غیره. موضوعی که امروزه بیشتر مدنظر می باشد همین کمکهای بصری اس More

  ارزیابی مهارت شنیداری از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار می باشد. عوامل زیادی بر نحوه عملکرد زبان آموزان در تستهای شنیداری تاثیرگذار  هستند، از قبیل استفاده از ویدیو، انواع مختلف متون شنیداری، وجود کمکهای بصری و غیره. موضوعی که امروزه بیشتر مدنظر می باشد همین کمکهای بصری است. بیشتر آزمونهای شنیداری از نوارهای از پیش ضبط شده برای تستهای خود استفاده می کنند. گرچه امروزه با ورود ویدیو و سایر وسایل بصری (مثل تصاویر، نقشه ها و غیره) به کلاسهای درس، کنجکاویهای زیادی در رابطه با تاثیر این عوامل برروی عملکرد زبان آموزان در تستهای شنیداری بوجود آمده است. این تحقیق تلاشی است برای مشخص کردن نوع تاثیر (مثبت یا منفی) استفاده از کمکهای بصری و نوع متون شنیداری (مکالمه و صحبت یک طرفه)  بر پاسخ دهی زبان آموزان پیشرفته در سوالات شنیداری. بدین منظور 180 زبان آموز پیشرفته بصورت تصادفی و از طریق آزمون انتخاب شده و سپس بصورت تصادفی به سه گروه و هر گروه شامل 60 نفر تقسیم شدند. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که تفاوت معناداری بین استفاده و عدم استفاده از کمکهای بصری وجود دارد. همچنین تفاوت معناداری بین دو نوع متون شنیداری (مکالمه و صحبت یک طرفه) نیز وجود دارد.         Manuscript profile
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  5 - Evaluation and comparison of the performance of Bramke and Al Sahl
  fatemeh parsafar mohammad sepehri Nemat Ahmadi Nasab
  Both the Barmakis and Al Sahl were among the most prominent ministerial bureaucratic families of the Abbasid caliphate era, which appeared on the stage of the political history of Islam and gave a special glory to this caliphate. One of the suesthistoricalresearchers ar More

  Both the Barmakis and Al Sahl were among the most prominent ministerial bureaucratic families of the Abbasid caliphate era, which appeared on the stage of the political history of Islam and gave a special glory to this caliphate. One of the suesthistoricalresearchers are facing is the performance of these two families. Iranians and their role in the Abbasid caliphate and their decline and destruction is in this research, which is a historical criptive methodAnd according to the library resources, this issue has enaddressed.TheBarmakis were one of the influential Iranian families, the founder of the power of this family Abbasid dynasty, Khalid bin Barmak, and their children and descendants, Yahya Barmaki, Fazland Jafar, were among the most famous members of this family, who had great power ringthe period of Harun Al-Rashid.They gained a lot of power so that in 178A.H.Yahya becamethe owner of absolute and complete power and the Caliph handed over all the powers to him. All the important jobs were in the hands of Yahya's relatives and superiors, sothative people were always in charge of the most prestigious military and country jobs in the ourt, ndeveryoneWithout them, they would be kept out of work. All these factors and suspicion towards them and the Chinese conspiracy of the people around them ledstandmassacre of this family. The Sahl family was also of Iranian origin and had the desire to estoreIran's independence and renew the blessings of this system, which followed the path of ramke family and ultimately met the same fate. Manuscript profile
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  6 - The Formation Process of Year of Arbitration (Sanah Al-Wofūd) and its Outcomes
  Ahmad Rezaeiniya Mostafa Naseri Rad Hossein Ghadami Boshra Delrish
  The constant and difficult promotion of Islam in Mecca by the Prophet of Islam (PBUH); and migration to Medina, deployment of army for Badr and Ahzab wars, conquering of Mecca, fight against the Roman Empire in the form of the battles of Mote and Tabuk, and some other t More

  The constant and difficult promotion of Islam in Mecca by the Prophet of Islam (PBUH); and migration to Medina, deployment of army for Badr and Ahzab wars, conquering of Mecca, fight against the Roman Empire in the form of the battles of Mote and Tabuk, and some other things gradually guided the near and far tribes of the peninsula to adopt positions towards Islam and each of them somehow realized the power of Islam. These ups and downs and factors caused various tribes, including Banū Thaqīf, Banū Tamīm, Bani Assad and other tribes, which are also mentioned up to one hundred tribes, to go to Medina to reconcile and understand the emerging power of Islam. The present article aims to explicate the following cases under the title of the process of Sanah Al-Wofūd’s formation and its outcomes: A) Although the rapid flow of ambassadors from different tribes in Medina is related to the consequences of the fall of Mecca in the eighth year of AH and the campaign of Tabuk, its preparations were made at least from the fifth year of AH with the arrival of the ambassadors of Bani Assad. B) Generally, the Islamization of different tribes through the presence of ambassadors and their elders in Medina had benefits such as recognizing some property, ensuring the security of these tribes against hostile tribes, and establishing the leadership of the chiefs of these tribes. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Growth and yield characteristics of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) affected by different rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in Saravan, Iran
  Hamid Reza Ganjali Afsaneh Kamali Deljoo Omid Azizian Shermeh Mohammad Lakizahi
  10.22034/aej.2017.531118
  To study the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium different rates on some growth and yield characteristics of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.( and experiment in split-split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the S More

  To study the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium different rates on some growth and yield characteristics of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.( and experiment in split-split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Shamsabad, Saravan Iran in 2012­-­2013. Main factor was potassium from sulphate potassium source in 0, 25 and 50 kg/ha as soil application in planting time. Phosphorus from triple superphosphate source in 0, 50 and 100 kg/ha assigned as sub-factor as soil application in planting time. Sub-sub factors was nitrogen from urea source including 0, 50, 100 kg/ha applied as topdress in early planting, branching and 50% flowering stages potassium. Pottasium and nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on plant height, boll dry weight, thousand kernal weight and biomass. Also, phosphorus fertilizer had significant effect on all traits but seed number in boll and thousand kernal weight. Fertilizer interaction effected on studied traits significantly. Increasing in fertilizer rate increased most of vegetative and reproductive traits. The most biological yield and number of seed per boll were obtained in simultaneous application of all fertilizers. On the whole, in Saravan region soil and climate condition application of potassium and phosphorus fertilizer can be used in drought stress damages depression in roselle plantations. Manuscript profile