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Open Access Article
1 - Mysteries and Secrecies in Suhrawardī’s Works and Attar’s Book of Tragedy
Zahra Khalil Nia Reza Ashraf ZadehThe present research studies symbols of Suhrawardī’s letters in descriptive – comparative method and analyzes the reasons of scarcity in finding the mysteries, similarities and differences with Attar’s Book of Tragedy. Application of mythical, personal MoreThe present research studies symbols of Suhrawardī’s letters in descriptive – comparative method and analyzes the reasons of scarcity in finding the mysteries, similarities and differences with Attar’s Book of Tragedy. Application of mythical, personal, innovative and major symbols increase ambiguity in Suhrawardī’s allegories. He offered mystical – philosophical interpretation out pf mythical symbols and his understanding made his words more difficult and decreases his works’ attractiveness by his theosophical viewpoint. On the other hand applying short stories and forgoing scientific, philosophical and cosmological expressions increase understanding his words’ structure as well as attractiveness. The most important difference between Suhrawardī and Attar is their ideology; in Suhrawardī’s works, inside messenger or nous is the leader while in Attar’s Book of Tragedy, Mohammad – the Prophet – aids the wisdom and is the light of guidance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Analyzing the Status of Repentance in the Story of the Old Woman and Malekshah in Attar's Tragic Tales Based on Joseph Campbell's Archetype of "the Return of the hero
Masoome RouhaniFard Mehdi Mahouzi Shahin OjaqaliZadeThe mysterious tale of the Old Woman and the Kingdom of AlbArslan in Attar’s MosibatNameh(Tragic Tales in Persian) has a great capacity for various decoding readings. The tale of the Old Woman and Malek Shah can be studied based on Campbell’s theories. One of the approp MoreThe mysterious tale of the Old Woman and the Kingdom of AlbArslan in Attar’s MosibatNameh(Tragic Tales in Persian) has a great capacity for various decoding readings. The tale of the Old Woman and Malek Shah can be studied based on Campbell’s theories. One of the appropriate methods for understanding the mysterious structure of this tale is Campbell’s archetype of the hero’s journey. The hero is evoked to another land and thus starts his journey. In the course of his journey through the world he loses the only property in his life and stands against Malek Shah in an audacious fight and urges him to return the righteous properties of the peasants and finally frightens him of passing the bridge and encountering the grandeur of God. Eventually when the hero attains his rights he prays to God that Malek Shah is forgiven so that he could achieve perfection and maturity. Malek Shah is changed in sleep and returns to his previous status while carrying the Elixir of Life with him so that he could impart it on peasants and friends. In these journeys the trudging hero sets foot on a dangerous journey by answering the call of the albino dean of the kingdom to save the peasants of Iran. After passing various stages of battle, the hero not only succeeds in his mission and gains material blessings, but also attains a kind of self-recognition and spiritual perfection that in addition to being the function of the hero is based on Campbell’s theories on “the hero’s journey” that leads to a change in his land through praying and obeisance to God and by asking for God’s help. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - آرکی تایپ و مفهوم عرفانی پل در مصیبتنامه عطار
Saedeh Sakientezami Malekmohamad Farokhzad Seyed ahmad Hoseinikazerooni -
Open Access Article
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Open Access Article
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Open Access Article
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Sabikeh Esfandiar Mohammad Hasanabadi Maryam Shabanzadeh -
Open Access Article
7 - Muṣībat-Nāme by Attar Neyshaburi; A Mixture of Practical Ethics and Mysticism (Concentrating on Fable)
Parvin RezaeiAttar Neyshabouri's moral views and words in Persian poetry and prose are valuable and worthy for further reflection and more research. Though the mythical and linguistics characteristics of Attar's works have been mainly focused on, the moral and and didactic issues of MoreAttar Neyshabouri's moral views and words in Persian poetry and prose are valuable and worthy for further reflection and more research. Though the mythical and linguistics characteristics of Attar's works have been mainly focused on, the moral and and didactic issues of his works, especially in his Muṣībat-Nāme, have been less researched on. This article is going to perform a content and statistical analysis of Muṣībat-Nāme. The research seeks to answer the following questions: which themes, moral contents, and advice are more outstanding in Attar's mystical view in Muṣībat-Nāme? and is Attar's mysticism close to practical wisdom? Attar's concern was to elaborate virtues and warning and forbidding vices. Ethical and humanizing issues in educational and mystical literature are frequently recounted in the journey of the main character, i.e. Fekrat as a seeker. These themes were good temperament, fraternity, kindness, reflecting on afterlife and destiny, belief in mortality, forgiveness, justice of the king and ruler, love, servitude, modesty, trivializing the lust, avoiding lies and greed, invitation to fellowship and contentment, learning wisdom, sincerity, friendliness, despising the world, condemnation of the world and the self, observance of moderation in affairs, tolerance and patience. While narrating the mystical allegory of the journey for self-knowledge, Attar did not neglect the educational and moral anecdotes; And as far as possible, in the section of short anecdotes of this mystical prose, he considered ethics, moral virtues and preaching to follow them, condemning moral vices and avoiding from them. Another result of this research is that the expression of advice and educational topics of the short anecdote section in these forty essays (destination) is usually consistent with that section. For instance, during the narration of the seeker's journey to the soil, he spoke of humility and modesty, and during the journey to visit prophet Ibrahim (the God’s friend), he spoke of friendliness, fraternity and friendship. One important result of this research is that most of Attar's educational and advisory verses have been in short anecdotes and the sayings of Old man to Fekrat the seeker have more mystical aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Recognizing the Behaviors of the Sālek in Musibat-Nāmeh of Attār; Based on Max Lüscher's Psychology of Colors
Fereshteh NāsseriThe poems of a poet reflect his/her various moods, so the colors used in his/her poems can lead the way in identifying the reactions and behaviors of the poet. The visionary experience of poet-mystics which is based on a symbolic language can be better expressed by MoreThe poems of a poet reflect his/her various moods, so the colors used in his/her poems can lead the way in identifying the reactions and behaviors of the poet. The visionary experience of poet-mystics which is based on a symbolic language can be better expressed by using colors and its related terms. By using descriptive-analytical method and based on the Max Lüscher's psychology of colors, the present article attempts to re-read Musibat-Nāmeh, written by Attār of Nishapur. The results show that categorization of colors in Musibat-Nāmeh, from left to right, is as follows in order of preference: (7+3+4×2×1=5=0-6-). According to Lüscher, such prioritization by the sālek (the holy traveler) implies that he/she suffers from separation from the Divine world (7+3+); but he/she hopes to achieve a better situation and to overcome many of the limitations of the material world (4×2×). In this way, he/she doesn't find any tranquilizing environment and hides his/her thoughts from strangers and shares them with close people (1=5=). According to Musibat-Nāmeh, the sālek looks for an opportunity to improve his/her spiritual states by purification of the soul. By this way, he/she can obtain his/her pervious dignity in the Divine world (0-6- ). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Exploring the Balance Between Two Inconsistent Approaches in Attār’s Musibat-nāmeh: “Submission to Fate” or “Effort for Changing”
Fatemeh Rahimi Hatef SiahkoohianIn Musibat-nāmeh, Attār of Nishapur takes a fatalistic approach, considering the destiny of man subject to the eternal will of God. He believes that ultimate salvation is beyond the control of human beings. However, he also emphasizes the value of human effort as a cruc MoreIn Musibat-nāmeh, Attār of Nishapur takes a fatalistic approach, considering the destiny of man subject to the eternal will of God. He believes that ultimate salvation is beyond the control of human beings. However, he also emphasizes the value of human effort as a crucial factor in the spiritual journey (suluk), and describes the seeker's overwhelming struggle (salek) as an example of Sufi effort. This raises the question of how these seemingly inconsistent approaches can coexist within a thought system. Is the contrast between these two approaches an unresolved paradox, or can they be integrated? This research aims to investigate the relationship between the two seemingly contradictory approaches of submission and effort in Attār's Musibat-nāmeh by utilizing a descriptive-analytical method. The research's findings demonstrate that, according to Attār's thought, while human effort cannot alter one's destiny, it is nevertheless a necessary condition for its fulfillment. Attār posits that human effort serves to actualize the potential for perfection and happiness that has been predetermined in the eternal destiny of God. From this perspective, human effort proves fruitful as long as it is supported by a prior ability known as "talent" or "divine assistance." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Analysis of the Story of “the Arab and Pot of Water” in Mosibat-Nāmeh, Masnavi and Daftar-e Haftom-e Masnavi
abdoal majid yuosefi neko hasan haidariThe story of “the Arab and pot of water” has been narrated in some poetry texts, like Mosibat-Nāmeh of Attār, Book I and Book VII of Masnavi Ma'navi. For recognizing power of creativity and storytelling of the authors of these books, the present article trie MoreThe story of “the Arab and pot of water” has been narrated in some poetry texts, like Mosibat-Nāmeh of Attār, Book I and Book VII of Masnavi Ma'navi. For recognizing power of creativity and storytelling of the authors of these books, the present article tries to study some elements of story, such as plot, character, dialogue, verisimilitude and point of view. Some narratologists, like Gerald Prince and Rimmon–Kenan interpret point of view as “focalization”. Based on their views, the analysis of point of view or focalization in the story of “the Arab and pot of water” shows that the numbers of focalized characters in Book I of Masnavi Ma'navi are more than other books. It seems that Jalāl-al Din Rumī expands the plot, increases the numbers of characters and prolongs the dialogues, and on this way, he fascinates the story. The authors of present article attempt to show which poets have successfully acted; the unknown poet of Book VII of Masnavi Ma'navi, despite having the Book I of Masnavi Ma'navi, has not been able to use the ways of storytelling of Jalāl-al Din Rumī. Manuscript profile
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