-
Open Access Article
1 - Investigating the Situation of Water Security in Iran (Case Study: Kerman Province)
Elham Azizabadi Hojat Mahkoeui Amir GandomkarWater, as one of the main components for life, affects human security if it is lacking or reduced. The challenges and conflicts of people for the right and access to water resources at local and national levels with each other and even the war between governments at reg MoreWater, as one of the main components for life, affects human security if it is lacking or reduced. The challenges and conflicts of people for the right and access to water resources at local and national levels with each other and even the war between governments at regional and international levels show the important role of water. The tensions caused by the lack of water in the central regions of Iran, such as Isfahan and Kerman, in recent years, indicate the insecurity and sense of danger for the water resources of these provinces. Kerman province, with an area of over 180,000 square kilometers, is the largest province in the south of the country. With an average annual rainfall of 129 mm, this province is considered one of the dry regions in the country. The main goal of this article is to Investigating the water security situation in Kerman province. The main question raised is what is the water security situation in Kerman province? The hypothesis that is raised in response to this question is that water security in Kerman province is not in a good condition. This article has been done using the field method (questionnaire) and descriptive-analytical approach. The sample size was 384 people, which was obtained using Cochran's formula. The results of the findings show that according to the water transfer plans and water management patterns planned to improve the water resources situation in Kerman province, water security in this province is not in a good condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Optimizing Reservoirs Exploitation for irrigation system Based on New butterfly Algorithm Model
Miromid Hadiani Hamid Reza VaziriExploitation of dam reservoirs is one of the major problems in the management of water resources. In this context, artificial intelligence algorithms are used as a useful tool for optimizing. Crow algorithm is used in the current research for the first time to exploit r MoreExploitation of dam reservoirs is one of the major problems in the management of water resources. In this context, artificial intelligence algorithms are used as a useful tool for optimizing. Crow algorithm is used in the current research for the first time to exploit reservoirs. Also, results related to the exploitation of a single-reservoir system to meet low dam’s requirements were compared to particle swarm and genetic evolutionary algorithms. Time reliability, volume reliability, vulnerability and reversibility indices were used to select the preferred method. Also, a multi-criteria decision-making model was used to select the preferred method. Results showed that the crow algorithm’s is close to the problem’s absolute optimal response so that the average of responses in the crow algorithm is 99% of absolute optimal response. Besides, except time reliability index, the crow algorithm has better performance in the rest indices compared to particle swarm and genetic algorithms. Also, the coefficient of variation of obtained responses by crow algorithm compared to genetic and particle swarm algorithms are 14 and 16 times smaller, respectively. The multi-criteria decision-making model revealed that compared to two other algorithms, the crow algorithm has the first rank and high potential in solving reservoir exploitation problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Solutions for Development of Application of Low Pressure Irrigation System in East Azarbaijan Province
Arezoo Mokhtari Hesari Rouhola Rezaei Hossein sh. famiThe current study aimed to determine and analyze Solutions of low-pressure irrigation system in the East Azarbaijan Province. Data collection was performed using semi structured interview method. We conduct an interview with experts of irrigation, soil and agricultural MoreThe current study aimed to determine and analyze Solutions of low-pressure irrigation system in the East Azarbaijan Province. Data collection was performed using semi structured interview method. We conduct an interview with experts of irrigation, soil and agricultural extension sectors as well as famers who had a purposeful use of technics. In order to achieving appropriate research validity, we applied triangulation -data sources and monitored them by the experts.Statistical analysis was performed using MAXQDA software version 10 based on basic theory including open, oriented and optional coding stage. The result indicates that based on there were 6 main categories, 25 sub-categories as well as 171 conceptual units. Effective measures should be taken into consideration in order to develop the low-pressure irrigation system. The results showed that measurements including creating educational-promotional mechanisms, reducing administrative complexity, improving farmers' participation, long-lasting monitoring, follow-up and consulting during and after implementation, financial supports and creating infrastructure activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Using of Virtual Water Footprint Concept in Livestock Productions for Water Resources Conservation
Ehsan Movahednejad Hadi Ramezani Etedali Alireza ShokoohiAgricultural water footprint is more than 90 percent of fresh water resources in Iran. About 30 percent of it is used as feed for livestock. The livestock industry is one of the world's most water-based industries, especially in Iran. In this study, the mean livestock f MoreAgricultural water footprint is more than 90 percent of fresh water resources in Iran. About 30 percent of it is used as feed for livestock. The livestock industry is one of the world's most water-based industries, especially in Iran. In this study, the mean livestock feed in the three provinces of Tehran, Alborz and Qazvin were estimated and then, using the Mekonnen and Hokkstra method, the water footprint was calculated. Then these values compared to the average water footprint in other countries (Netherlands, USA, Russia, Mexico, India and the world average). The values of virtual water footprint for producing beef were estimated 44.49, 45.18 and 45.51 m3/kg in milk production were estimated 2.24, 2.25 and 2.43 m3/Lit in Tehran, Alborz and Qazvin provinces respectively. The global average water footprints of beef and milk are 14.4 m3/kg and 1 m3/Lit. This comparision shows that the virtual water footprint in cattle production in Iran is higher than the global average. Based on the results of this study, the high water footprint in animal feed production and poor management of livestock farms are the main reseans of the high water footprint in Animal Production. Reducing water footprint in domestic forage production or forage imports is suggested due to the high contribution of nutrition to the high water footprint of beef and milk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Identification of Appropriate Solutions for Managing Surface Water Consumption of West Azerbaijan Province Using Dynamic System Modeling
Sheida Yousefi Seyed Mahdi Mirdamadi Seyed Jamal Farjollah Hosseini Farhad LashgararaBackground and Aim: The share of agricultural sector in West Azerbaijan province, Iran from surface water abstraction is 91.2%. Excessive consumption of water resources, drought and destruction of agricultural lands, dependence of work and livelihood of 1.2 million popu MoreBackground and Aim: The share of agricultural sector in West Azerbaijan province, Iran from surface water abstraction is 91.2%. Excessive consumption of water resources, drought and destruction of agricultural lands, dependence of work and livelihood of 1.2 million population of province on the agricultural sector, the adoption of long-term development plans, have intensified the water crisis in agricultural sector. Therefore, managing the consumption of surface water is essential. This study investigates the effect of agricultural, economic, policy-making, climatic, socio-cultural and educational scenarios on management of surface water consumption and availability.Method: The present study is an applied research has been carried out using the dynamic system approach in order to achieve sustainable management of water resources in West Azerbaijan province. First, the statistical data from the previous years (1991-2018) are entered into the system using Excel and SPSS software. Then, the dynamic system model is developed in VENSIM software. To ensure the efficiency of the model in evaluating policies, the model validation test is performed. After making sure that the model works efficiency, population growth scenarios with different fertility rates, PS1 (2.11 children), PS2 (1.95 children), PS3 (1.5 children) and PS4 (2.6 Children) and climatic scenarios with a probability of 20% annual rainfall reduction, continuation of the current rainfall trend and 20% annual rainfall improvement are introduced to the model. Additionally, investment scenarios with the aim of 0.5% improvement in the annual irrigation efficiency and the crop scenario such as low-consumption cultivation pattern are introduced to the model. Moreover, the impacts of participatory and education scenarios, are simulated up to the horizon of 2051.Results: The results showed that in the validation test there is a high correlation between the simulated values and the observed values of surface water, and the model is effective in evaluating policies. Upon continuation of the rainfall current trend, available surface water decreases by 3.76% during the simulation period (2018-2051). Droughts intensify with a decrease of 20% of annual rainfall due to the direct effect of rainfall on runoff, available surface water is reduced by 20.54%. The largest decrease in the surface water content is related to the scenario of reduced rainfall (-20%) together with the scenario of increasing fertility rate (ps4), which cause a decrease in the available surface water by 46.15%. Population growth has increased the total water consumption and even agricultural water demand by 27% over the 2051 horizon. Simultaneously using low-consumption cultivation pattern scenarios, investment to improve irrigation efficiency, participatory activities and training programs to improve water management, water consumption decrease by 29.20% and agricultural water demand from the surface water decrease by 31.37% under these conditions, the available surface water improves by 9.12% to the horizon of 2051.Conclusion: The results showed that, it is necessary to review population scenarios at the national level. Also, the agricultural scenario of observing the pattern of low-consumption cultivation with reducing water demand per hectare is known as the best scenario and its application has increased the available surface water by 2.45 times.Keywords: Water resource management, Economic/policy-making scenarios, Climatic scenarios, West Azerbaijan provinceBackground and Aim: The share of agricultural sector in West Azerbaijan province, Iran from surface water abstraction is 91.2%. Excessive consumption of water resources, drought and destruction of agricultural lands, dependence of work and livelihood of 1.2 million population of province on the agricultural sector, the adoption of long-term development plans, have intensified the water crisis in agricultural sector. Therefore, managing the consumption of surface water is essential. This study investigates the effect of agricultural, economic, policy-making, climatic, socio-cultural and educational scenarios on management of surface water consumption and availability.Method: The present study is an applied research has been carried out using the dynamic system approach in order to achieve sustainable management of water resources in West Azerbaijan province. First, the statistical data from the previous years (1991-2018) are entered into the system using Excel and SPSS software. Then, the dynamic system model is developed in VENSIM software. To ensure the efficiency of the model in evaluating policies, the model validation test is performed. After making sure that the model works efficiency, population growth scenarios with different fertility rates, PS1 (2.11 children), PS2 (1.95 children), PS3 (1.5 children) and PS4 (2.6 Children) and climatic scenarios with a probability of 20% annual rainfall reduction, continuation of the current rainfall trend and 20% annual rainfall improvement are introduced to the model. Additionally, investment scenarios with the aim of 0.5% improvement in the annual irrigation efficiency and the crop scenario such as low-consumption cultivation pattern are introduced to the model. Moreover, the impacts of participatory and education scenarios, are simulated up to the horizon of 2051.Results: The results showed that in the validation test there is a high correlation between the simulated values and the observed values of surface water, and the model is effective in evaluating policies. Upon continuation of the rainfall current trend, available surface water decreases by 3.76% during the simulation period (2018-2051). Droughts intensify with a decrease of 20% of annual rainfall due to the direct effect of rainfall on runoff, available surface water is reduced by 20.54%. The largest decrease in the surface water content is related to the scenario of reduced rainfall (-20%) together with the scenario of increasing fertility rate (ps4), which cause a decrease in the available surface water by 46.15%. Population growth has increased the total water consumption and even agricultural water demand by 27% over the 2051 horizon. Simultaneously using low-consumption cultivation pattern scenarios, investment to improve irrigation efficiency, participatory activities and training programs to improve water management, water consumption decrease by 29.20% and agricultural water demand from the surface water decrease by 31.37% under these conditions, the available surface water improves by 9.12% to the horizon of 2051.Conclusion: The results showed that, it is necessary to review population scenarios at the national level. Also, the agricultural scenario of observing the pattern of low-consumption cultivation with reducing water demand per hectare is known as the best scenario and its application has increased the available surface water by 2.45 times. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Optimal allocation of water and lands resources in the Roudbar Alamout region using the FGFP model
Abozar Parhizkari Mohammad Mahdi mozaffari Mehran khaki Hossein Taghizade RanjbariTo protect from the risks of drought and water crisis in the future is needed that guidelines and rules for utilization of limited water resources be taken. In this context, mathematical programming models are used to help solve problems related to water resources manag MoreTo protect from the risks of drought and water crisis in the future is needed that guidelines and rules for utilization of limited water resources be taken. In this context, mathematical programming models are used to help solve problems related to water resources management widely. In the present study in order to proper exploitation of groundwater and surface water resources and the optimal allocation of these resources in agriculture sector and also to determination an optimal cropping pattern that conducive to achieve the maximum possible profit for farmers of Roudbar Alamout region, from Fuzzy Goal Fractional Programing (FGFP)model and statistical data related to year 2010-2011 were used. The proposed model was solved in GAMS software version 23/9. The results showed that utilization optimal cropping pattern and optimal allocation of existing water resources in case study region in addition to reducing water used in farms level, the product cost in per hectare of lands reduced, the utilized labor force increased and efficiency indicators "profit ratio to water used" increased about 13 percent. In the end, according to obtained results planning and modeling from bottom to up for development agricultural sector of Qazvin province was proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigation of Water Quality of Chehelchay River Using IRWQIsc Index
Mehrab Aghaee Ali Heshmatpour Mojtaba G. Mahmoodlu S. Morteza SeyedianBackground and Objective: Rivers water quality study can be a great help to water-resource management and planning. This study was conducted to investigate the water quality of Chehelchay River using the IRWQISC. Method: In this study, water samples were collected from MoreBackground and Objective: Rivers water quality study can be a great help to water-resource management and planning. This study was conducted to investigate the water quality of Chehelchay River using the IRWQISC. Method: In this study, water samples were collected from seven different stations along Chehelchay River during a period of 6 months. In order to use IRWQISC, the physicochemical and biological some parameters were measured. After calculating the IRWQISC values for each station, the changes in the IRWQISC values were investigated along river. Then, the results of IRWQISC were compared drinking water and agriculture water standards. Findings: The results of this study showed that Chehelchay River water was situated in a relatively good quality category based on the IRWQISC. IRWQISC diminished in the flow direction from the upstream sampling point to the outlet of basin resulting in a reduction in water quality of river. Results also showed that there is a direct relationship between IRWQISC and the rate of discharge so that the value of IRWQISC increases with increasing the rate of discharge. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the average IRWQISC index was better than summer season in spring. Flow changes and IRWQISC index indicate a direct relationship between them, with a slight increase in the rate of fluctuation. Comparison of parameters used in IRWQISC with drinking water and agriculture water standards showed the Chehelchay River water is suitable only for agriculture uses and it cannot be used for drinking purposes. Results showed that water purification must be performed to remove fecal coliform and reduce turbidity of water before using as a drinking water source. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Allocation and Management of Water Resources in the Yamchi Dam Basin with Scenario Analysis Approach Using WEAP Model
Atabak Feizi Reza Aghajani JomayranBackground and Objective: Due to limited water resources and increasing water needs, the potentials of water resource allocation using the traditional methods are decreased and the use of new allocation strategies and managing water resources in choosing projects and ma MoreBackground and Objective: Due to limited water resources and increasing water needs, the potentials of water resource allocation using the traditional methods are decreased and the use of new allocation strategies and managing water resources in choosing projects and making correct decisions in allocating and managing water resources is more important than ever. The main purpose of the present study is comprehensive management and planning in order to use the existing water resources of Yamchi dam network located in Ardabil province and meet the demand in the drinking, agriculture, industry and environment sectors, taking into account their future needs.Accordingly, Yamchi dam and its downstream areas are simulated in the WEAP model environment and the model is implemented for current conditions and future development projects in ten different scenarios. The proposed scenarios included examining the impact of allocation, industry needs, increasing irrigation efficiency, removing groundwater resources, changing cropping patterns, single cropping, and combined scenarios. The entries included information on the Yamchi dam and reservoir, groundwater resources, and the parameters needed to calculate the nodes for drinking, agricultural, industrial and environmental needs in the period 2008 to 2018.Findings: The results showed that among the proposed scenarios for the areas under study, the scenario of simultaneous change of cropping pattern and 65% increase in irrigation efficiency is the most suitable option among the studied scenarios, which meets time and volume reliability of drinking and agricultural needs by 100% and will reduce the needs of the current situation by 44%.Discussion and Conclusion: It is worth noting that if the groundwater source is eliminated for any reason, none of the solutions of changing the cropping pattern, increasing efficiency, etc. can fulfill the shortage and it is necessary to treat urban, agricultural and industrial wastewaters and reuse one of them. The results show that urban wastewater treatment and reuse can provide about 60 percent of the shortage of groundwater resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Physicochemical Pollution of Water Wells in the Villages around Damavand by Using the Geographic Information System
Mohadeseh Hadadi Maryam Rafati Mojtaba SayyadiBackground and Objective: Considering the water shortage and drought crisis in recent years, the importance of examining the quality of groundwater resources has become more important day by day, and in this regard, the Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the MoreBackground and Objective: Considering the water shortage and drought crisis in recent years, the importance of examining the quality of groundwater resources has become more important day by day, and in this regard, the Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the best methods to help managers for optimization their decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the pollution and qualitative changes in water well in villages around Damavand city by using GIS. Material and Methodology: Eleven water wells were sampled in the villages of Masha, Chenar Sharghi, Luman, Wadan, Zan, Ayneh Varzan, Jaban, Sarbandan, Aro, Seyedabad, and Islamabad during wet and drought periods. Then, using IDW interpolation methods, the water well information, which is in the form of points, was generalized to the surface and map was prepared. Findings: The results showed that the water in the wells of the studied area is good for drinking and agriculture purposes. According to GIS maps, the most polluted well is located in the village of Vadan, where EC and sodium levels are above the standard level due to the geological structure of the south of the city and the improper water abstraction of this well. In terms of the GWQI index, it was found that the villages of Aynevarzan, Zan and Seyedabad in both periods of study, due to having a quality number of less than 20, are more suitable than other areas for drilling wells in the future. Discussion and Conclusion: Since Damavand has a lot of agricultural and orchards lands that are sprayed periodically and the use of chemical fertilizers are high, it is possible that in the future, the condition of these wells will exceed the standard threshold. However, based on the results of this study at the sampling time, the condition of these wells was suitable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigating the effect of fish ponds on water quality of Ghezel Ozan river
ali afshari parisa Alamdari Ahmad GholChin Mohammad Sadegh AskariBackground and Objective: Considering the importance of fish production and consumption in the human food chain and human food security, and on the other hand, the possible adverse effects of fish pond effluents on river water quality; the present study was carried out MoreBackground and Objective: Considering the importance of fish production and consumption in the human food chain and human food security, and on the other hand, the possible adverse effects of fish pond effluents on river water quality; the present study was carried out by considering the effect of fish farm effluents on river water quality, with a case study on fish farms along the Great Ghezel Ozan river (from Chehelcheshmeh mountains of Kurdistan province to Manjil or Sefidrood dam). Material and Methods: Fish farms were identified based on field surveys along the river. Sampling from a depth of 0 – 10 cm from the water surface in summer (2017) With 5 samples about 500 meters before the pools (control) that were not affected by fish farming activities and 5 samples in approximately100 – 150 meters after the pools (where the effluents of fish farms entered the river) was done. Sampling and analysis of physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Nitrate (NO3), Phosphate (PO4), Dissolved oxygen (DO) and Chemical oxygen demand (COD), according to the instructions in the standard methods book was done. Findings: The results indicated that the average values of the parameters in the input and output stations, respectively for pH (7.24 – 7.21), EC (2250.6 – 2282.8 dS/m), DO (7.41 – 6.94 mg/L), COD (24.94 – 29.63 mg/L), Temp (14.8 – 15.5 °C), NO3 (4.1 – 5.9 mg/L), PO4 (1.1 – 1.84 mg/L) was obtained. Discussion and Conclusion: In general, the process of acidity and oxygen parameters of the solution decreased, and the parameters of electrical conductivity, oxygen demand, chemical temperature, temperature, nitrate and phosphate, increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Land Use Planning and Water Resources Management; Resource Planning Instead of Activities Planning (Case Study: Caspian Bas
Amir Hedayati Aghmashhadi Hamidreza Jafari Naser Mehrdadi Hedayat Fahmi Parvin Farshchi Samaneh Zahediction: Caspian basin is one of the six basins of the country due to the development of humanactivities over the past decades by land use plans because severe changes in land cover in this basin itcan cause undesirable effects on water resources in the basin.Material and Morection: Caspian basin is one of the six basins of the country due to the development of humanactivities over the past decades by land use plans because severe changes in land cover in this basin itcan cause undesirable effects on water resources in the basin.Material and Methods: In this paper, to evaluate the effect of land use on water resources in the formof land-cover change, First, to assess the changes in land cover in the Caspian basin, And then thepressure on water resources scoring using FANP method then in the IDRISI software maps are madeand in the Arc GIS maps overlay. Finally, and by Excel software Regression and correlation betweenchanges in land cover and land use management of water resources in the Caspian basin will bedetermined.Results and Discussion: The results show that in the period between 2001 and 2012 Talesh sub-basinwith 28.91 % and Sefidrud with 8.18 % had maximum and lowest land cover changes in the Caspianbasin. Also final scoring of water resource management in the Caspian basin shown that Area subbasinwith 0.499617 and Haraz-Ghareh Su sub-basin with 0.158627 had maximum and lowest scoreof water resource management in the Caspian basin. Also the results of the dependence of changes inland cover by land use management and water resources management in the Caspian sub basin shown1- PhD Student of Environmental Planning, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran2- Professor of Environmental Planning and Management, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran.3- Professor of Environmental Engineering Water and Wastewater, Faculty of Environment, University ofTehran, Tehran, Iran.4- PhD Hydrology and Water Resources, Deputy of Major Planning Affairs of Ab and Abfa, Iran Ministry ofEnergy.5- Professor of Costal Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Campus, IslamicAzad University, Tehran, Iran.6- PhD Student of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and ResearchCampus, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.J.Env.Sci,TechJ.Env. Sci. Tech., Vol 17, No.3, Autumn 2015195that the dependence of R-Squared is equal to 0.645, indicating a relatively high dependence on thefield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Assessment of clouds seeding project in increasing of water harvesting in the Fars province using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques
Mahboubeh Olumi Majumerd Mohammad Zare Samaneh PourmohammadiDrought and climate change phenomena have severe negative impacts on natural vegetation and agricultural section in Central Iran during the last decades. Cloud seeding is one of the efficient methods to reduce the effects of climate change. The purpose of this study was MoreDrought and climate change phenomena have severe negative impacts on natural vegetation and agricultural section in Central Iran during the last decades. Cloud seeding is one of the efficient methods to reduce the effects of climate change. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of clouds seeding on rainfall in Fars province. November, December, February and April months in the water year of 2010-2009, selected as the prone month of precipitation in Iran, were evaluated cloud seeding projects in Fars province. Historical regression was used to evaluate the cloud seeding project. In the first step, raster monthly precipitation maps for each month of year in the period was 34 years (1977-2010) were plotted using the Kriging method to measure rainfall amounts of each year. Then, the volume of precipitation in April, February, January, and November in the target area stations were calculated and used as a dependent variable. Next, precipitation time series for each month of the period of 1977-2010 in the control area stations were calculated and entered into the regression as independent variables. Correlation between the volume of rainfall in both regions (target and control) were analyzed. Then, expected rainfall in the region was estimated and its confidence was determined using statistical methods. Comparing expected and actual rainfall, percentage of changes in precipitation due to clouds seeding in Fars province were determined. Results showed an increase of about 15% in precipitation in Fars province during the four months of the water year of 2009-2010. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - بررسی تنگناهای مدیریت منابع آب شرب در روستاهای تیپ کوهستانی مطالعه موردی: دهستان بررود از بخش کوهسرخ کاشمر
رضا صابری تولایی محدثه حاتمی ابوالفضل بهنیافر هادی قنبرزاده -
Open Access Article
14 - پیشبینی خشکسالی و سطح بارندگی در ایران جهت مدیریت منابع آب مبتنی بر مدلهای مارکوفی ترکیبی
مهدی پیوندیان شعرباف مجید وفایی جهان -
Open Access Article
15 - Environmental management of water resources and environmental issues with a view to the Urmia Lake
سعید SHafaei Sa SHafaei کیانا KiarostamiIn terms of water quantity and quality is the most important part of an ecosystem. Reduced both the quantity andquality of water in a large negative impact on ecosystems and biodiversity threaten leaving Natural food sourcesand effects on organisms and causes irreparabl MoreIn terms of water quantity and quality is the most important part of an ecosystem. Reduced both the quantity andquality of water in a large negative impact on ecosystems and biodiversity threaten leaving Natural food sourcesand effects on organisms and causes irreparable damage, Knowledge and information about water rights and theapplication of specific rules to regulate the management macro environment seems essential. Therefore, based onthis study on the lake among the largest watershed of the country is carried out in terms of locationgeographically in northwestern Iran between East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan longitude 44 degrees 14minutes to 47 degrees 53 minutes east and 35 degrees 40 minutes north latitude to 38 degrees and 30 minutes islocatedThe main reasons for studies on slow dry lake-level changes in temperature and precipitation in theregion of 79-83 were studiedAnd consequently the rate of temperature change is not so drastic drop in waterlevel can cause dry lakes and rainfall of 79-83 years of upward growthDuring the same period, but the waterlevel of the lake has suffered a significant drop. Check water level fluctuations indicates that in 1346 the lowestlevel to the height of 1273/86 (m) free water level is reached, If the water level over the past thirteen years to1272/00 (m) about 6/20 mm reduced. In the present study, we believe that the gradual construction of 72 damscatchment basins with the average rate 4/5 billion cubic meters, the lake provides a huge change. Other factors,such as dam construction, the double-pass martyr station in front of the natural cycle of water under stirring thenatural order of living plant material suspended in the water cycle, the water creates many changes in theecosystem. The indiscriminate digging of the wells during the past seventeen years (91-74) of approximately 650thousand to 336 thousand Ring has increased among the factors that makes it believe that responsible decisionsin the coming years factors inland lake with a rejectUndoubtedly, completely separate the lake into northern andsouthern even completely dry lake will follow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Survey of the Policies of Contrast with Drought in the Rural Areas from Jihad Experts point of view, Case Study: Esfahan Province
Vakil Heidari Sareban Soheila BakhtarThe research method was applied and analytical –explanation survey type. Populations of this analytical-explanatory survey consist of three hundred and fifty-six (356) experts and promoters of agricultural department in Esfahan Province. Considering the study of M MoreThe research method was applied and analytical –explanation survey type. Populations of this analytical-explanatory survey consist of three hundred and fifty-six (356) experts and promoters of agricultural department in Esfahan Province. Considering the study of Morgan and Krejcie's table, one hundred and eighty-five (185)were chosen by simple random sampling for the survey. The data collecting tool used is the researcher's questionnaire, based on individual and professional respondents and expert views and it was conducted based on the important variables of coping strategies by using theoretical literature about researches in the inside and outside of the country, and persistence of experts extracting the key studies The content and face validity of the instrument was specified after several times review and correction by the faculty of members at university and several expertise of administrative offices. The reliability analysis was conducted and Cronbach’s alpha values for the various sections of instrument were estimated to 0.81 for analyzing of research. In order to respond to proven questionnaire, they were given to statistic population and after its complement, data were analyzed using the SPSS software. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics was used. In descriptive part of the statistic, the data was described using statistics like frequency, mean, standard deviation and percentile, but in statistical inference, the most important strategy that was used is factor analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - برنامه مدیریت تطبیقی منابع آبی استان گلستان جهت کاهش ریسک خشکسالیهای آتی
عبدالعظیم قانقرمه غلامرضا روشن سعید نگهباناستان گلستان یکی از قطبهای مهم کشاورزی است. بنابراین ضرورت ایجاد می­کند تا طرحواره­های مختلفی جهت مدیریت تطبیقی آب برای سالهای آتی ارائه شود تا بتواند بار منفی خشکسالی را کاهش و حداکثر سود را به ارمغان آورد. لذا جهت رسیدن به این هدف، این تحقیق با استفاده از سه Moreاستان گلستان یکی از قطبهای مهم کشاورزی است. بنابراین ضرورت ایجاد می­کند تا طرحواره­های مختلفی جهت مدیریت تطبیقی آب برای سالهای آتی ارائه شود تا بتواند بار منفی خشکسالی را کاهش و حداکثر سود را به ارمغان آورد. لذا جهت رسیدن به این هدف، این تحقیق با استفاده از سه دسته داده­های رشد جمعیت، منابع و مصارف آبی استان و تغییرات کاربری اراضی، 9 طرحواره مدیریت منابع آب ارائه داده است. از میان 9 سناریوی پیشنهادی، دو طرحواره­ی دوم و نهم از نظر اختصاص منابع آب نسبت به شرایط کنونی، میزان مصرف پایین­تر و متعادل­تری را پیشنهاد می­دهند. اما یکی از راهبردهای اساسی در طرحواره دوم جهت مدیریت منابع آب، حذف گندم آبی بوده که مسلماً این سناریو از طرف کشاورزان و مسئولان با اقبال مناسب همراه نخواهد بود و بعبارتی می­توان پیش­بینی نمود که اجرای آن با شکست همراه خواهد شد. حال آنکه با عملیاتی نمودن دستورالعمل طرحواره نهم و مقایسه نتایج آن با روند کنونی مصرف آب تا دهه­های آینده پیش­بینی می­شود که بترتیب برای دوره­های مختلف 1391-1400، 1391-1410، 1391-1430 و 1391-1450 کاهش مصرف آبی به میزان 1311، 1425، 1663 و 1920 میلیون متر مکعب استحصال گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Locating Artificial Aquifer Feeding Using (GIS) (Case Study: Garbayegan Basin, Fars)
marzieh mogholiGroundwater is the single water resource in many regions of Iran. This is considered to be a major limitation in the social and economic development of the country. Destructive floods and water shortage necessitate suitable strategies against flood control. Selecting su MoreGroundwater is the single water resource in many regions of Iran. This is considered to be a major limitation in the social and economic development of the country. Destructive floods and water shortage necessitate suitable strategies against flood control. Selecting suitable areas for artificial recharge and directing the floodwater into permeable formations are amongst the most effective strategies in flood spreading projects. Having combined GIS and MCDA approaches, the present study sought to locate the most suitable areas for artificial groundwater recharge operation in the Garabaygan Basin of Iran. To this end, the data layers relating to the eight effective factors were prepared in GIS environment. This stage was followed by elimination of the exclusionary areas for artificial recharge while determining the potentially suitable ones. Having closely examined the potentially suitable areas using the PROMETHEE II-SAW and Fuzzy-AHP methods, the land suitability map for artificial groundwater recharge was produced. The results of the study showed that most suitable areas for the artificial groundwater recharge are located in Quaternary Qg and Qgsc geologic units and in geomorphological units of pediment and Alluvial fans with slopes not exceeding 3 percent. Furthermore, significant correspondence between the produced map and the control areas, where the artificial groundwater recharge projects were successfully performed, provided further evidence for the acceptable efficiency of the integrated PROMETHEE II-SAW method in comparison with Fuzzy-AHP in locating suitable artificial recharge areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Hazard Assessment Of Groundwater Resourses Degradation Using a Proposed Model And Geographical Information System (GIS) In Jahrom Township
Parviz Jokar Masoud MasoudiGroundwater is an important source of water supply in arid and semi-arid areas. In order to optimal management of water resources, maintain and improve the quality and quantity of the location, amount and distribution of water data in a defined geographical area is requ MoreGroundwater is an important source of water supply in arid and semi-arid areas. In order to optimal management of water resources, maintain and improve the quality and quantity of the location, amount and distribution of water data in a defined geographical area is required and necessary. The subject of this paper is assessing both qualitative and quantitative risk using the modified IMDPA model and geographical information system (GIS) in Jahrom Township. The purpose of this study is prepared a suitable zonation and vulnerability map of qualitative and quantitative status of groundwater in order to determine the areas with higher risk. The used parameters for qualitative and quantitative risk are included EC, CL, SAR and water table decline, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the Lowering of Water Table (quantitative status) in 40% of the plains is at severe and very severe hazard classes. The quality status of about 56% of the plains is at severe and very severe hazard classes. Overall, about 31% of the plains are in a state of severe and very severe hazard classes of ground water resources degradation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Assessment of water poverty index in part of Karoon River catchment area
Mohammadreza Goodarzi Faeze mankaviThe purpose of this study was to investigate water stress in the upper part of the basin of the Karoon River basin for analyzing the water status of the area. After data collection, the amount of water poverty index according to the criteria of resources, access, costs, MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate water stress in the upper part of the basin of the Karoon River basin for analyzing the water status of the area. After data collection, the amount of water poverty index according to the criteria of resources, access, costs, environment and social capacity - economy the was calculated for the upper part of the basin of the Karoon River Basin. After calculating each of the indicators of the Poverty Index, it can be stated that the range of changes in the water poverty index in the studied basin is between 6.6 and 18.2, with the lowest 6.6 points for the environment and the highest score of 18.2 is related to access, the higher the score obtained from each criterion, the better the better the benchmark, which leads to an increase in the value of the poverty indicator and finally indicates that the poverty of the water in that basin is less than Be In general, the water poverty index for the catchment area was 67.65, which is based on the classification of the Oceanographic and Hydrological Center of Wallingford in terms of low water poverty in the range of low to moderate water poverty. According to surveys, the Water Poverty Index can be used as an effective tool in water resource management and a comprehensive water use program to achieve sustainable development goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Changes in Virtual Water Trade Balance in Iran: A Structural Decomposition Analysis
Nooraddin Sharify Hossein EsmaeiliThis paper investigates the situation of foreign trade to compensate for water shortage problems in Iran. Using input-output tables of 2011 and 2016 tables, the changes in virtual water trade balance in this period were investigated. Results indicate that in spite of th MoreThis paper investigates the situation of foreign trade to compensate for water shortage problems in Iran. Using input-output tables of 2011 and 2016 tables, the changes in virtual water trade balance in this period were investigated. Results indicate that in spite of the positive trade balance in these years, international trade caused virtual water to enter the country. However, both the value of the trade balance of products and the trade balance of virtual water in 2016 decreased compared to 2011. Overall, despite the increase in the import of virtual water due to the decrease in the total backward linkage of final products and the change in the share of exports and imports in the foreign trade balance; changes in the trade balance, the intensity of direct water consumption, the structure of production, and the structure of traded goods, respectively, contributed the most to the reduction of virtual water imports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Economic Modeling of Agricultural Water Resource Management in Tehran Province with Emphasis on the Role of Water Market
Abolfazl Mahmoudi Abozar ParhizkariIn present study the formation effects of local and regional water markets in Tehran province were investigated and the potential of water transfer under water scarcity conditions in this province were analyzed. For this purpose, an economic modeling including positive MoreIn present study the formation effects of local and regional water markets in Tehran province were investigated and the potential of water transfer under water scarcity conditions in this province were analyzed. For this purpose, an economic modeling including positive mathematical programming (PMP) model and state wide agricultural production (SWAP) functions were used. The results showed that with establishment of the local and regional water markets in Tehran province; in addition to creation the balance between supply and demand of irrigation water and equilibrate the water trading between the studied regions, total irrigated lands 7/41% and total farmers’ gross profit 9/27% are increased. Finally, due to the supportive and constructive role of local and regional water markets, providing the required grounds to establishment and optimal use of this type of mechanism in Tehran province and other regions of the country where have shared water resources are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Genetic Algorithm Study and Applications in Engineering and Water Resources Management
Seyed Mostafa Tabatabaei Ali shahidi Shahidi seyed reza hashemiConsidering extent and complexity of water resources systems, it is necessary and requires a comprehensive optimization process to determine the policy and select options and proper strategies For proper operation of water resources systems in different circumstances. I MoreConsidering extent and complexity of water resources systems, it is necessary and requires a comprehensive optimization process to determine the policy and select options and proper strategies For proper operation of water resources systems in different circumstances. In this study the necessity of using evolutionary optimization techniques and discussed a brief description on how to implement a genetic algorithm operators as the most evolutionary practical methods. More studies on genetic algorithm are presented in several sections. In the following, has been investigated advantages and limitations of genetic algorithm and then, presented research on several sections.The results show that Genetic algorithms in solving various problems of water resources, efficiently comes from dissolving the issues with a large space and solve complex problems while ability to achieve the global optimum can be provide in different conditions a series of acceptable answers as solutions. For increase the efficiency of the algorithm and achieving better solutions, According to the nature of the problem can be take optimal advantage of improved versions or combine with simulation models or other methods of mathematical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Status of Empowerment of Villagers in Improving Water Resources Management
masoumeh pazoki davood sheikhiThe indicators of the state of water resources and consumption in the agricultural sector indicate the imbalance between supply and demand for water. Through empowerment, Villagers gain more control over their activities and with high power, control over water resources MoreThe indicators of the state of water resources and consumption in the agricultural sector indicate the imbalance between supply and demand for water. Through empowerment, Villagers gain more control over their activities and with high power, control over water resources, capacity building and active participation; they are able to properly guide their activities. The present study was conducted to study the position of villager’s empowerment in water resources management and identifying effective indicators in empowerment for sustainable water resources management and grouping of Pakdasht countryside based on water management capability indicators. The statistical population of the study is the villagers of Pakdasht Township. The sample size was 381 and distributed randomly. Data were collected BY using a questionnaire. The result of the review of the average rank of variables showed that the mean of all rankings is higher than the average, which indicates the desired status of research indicators among respondents. The results of one sample t-test also confirmed the mean of the variables. In order to rank components, the coefficient of variation was used that index of decrease of immigration ranked first and production efficiency increase in on farms, gardens and greenhouses ranked the last. In order to group the effect of empowerment on the indices, the fracture technique was used by using coefficient of variation were used and finally, villages were grouped according to the degree of homogeneity in water resource management via cluster analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - -
mohamadbaset ghoreshi -
Open Access Article
26 - شبیه سازی و مدیریت یکپارچه منابع آب تحت سناریوی آب مجازی مطالعه موردی: حوضه هیرمند ایران
علی سردار شهرکی جواد شهرکی سید آرمان هاشمی منفردحوضه هیرمند به دلیل وجود خشکسالی، هم­چنین رشد روز افزون مصارف آب و رقابت بخش­های مختلف، وارد مرحله بحرانی آب شده است، این خطر در سال­های آتی تشدیدتر خواهد شد. بنابراین برای مقابله با آن می بایست نسبت به انواع مصرف آب با حساسیت بیشتری برخورد کرد. از جمله این Moreحوضه هیرمند به دلیل وجود خشکسالی، هم­چنین رشد روز افزون مصارف آب و رقابت بخش­های مختلف، وارد مرحله بحرانی آب شده است، این خطر در سال­های آتی تشدیدتر خواهد شد. بنابراین برای مقابله با آن می بایست نسبت به انواع مصرف آب با حساسیت بیشتری برخورد کرد. از جمله این مصارف، آب مجازی می­باشد. در پژوهش حاضر، تقاضای آب مجازی محصولات کشاورزی منطقه سیستان در سال زراعی 93-1392 محاسبه و با استفاده از مدل WEAP اثرات اجرای این سناریو از سال 2015 تا 2030 بر منابع و مصارف آب پیش­بینی گردید. طبق نتایج محصولات گوجه­فرنگی و یونجه با این­که نیازآبی بالایی داشتند، اما به سبب عملکرد بالای تولید، تقاضای آب مجازی کمتری داشته­اند، هم­چنین بیشترین نیاز آب مجازی برای دو محصول گندم و جو بدست آمد. نتایج مدل WEAP نشان داد که در سناریوی آب مجازی، سالیانه به طور میانگین مقدار تقاضای آب 61 درصد برای کارایی خالص و 17 درصد برای کارایی به حالت فعلی کمتر شده است. تقاضای تأمین نشده حدود 383 میلیون متر مکعب کاهش خواهد یافت. بنابراین با توجه به شرایط خشکسالی حاکم بر منطقه، اجرای این سناریو در جهت حفظ منابع آب بسیار مناسب خواهد بود، از این­رو پیشنهاد می شود که طرح­های توسعه کشاورزی در منطقه سیستان با توجه به این مفهوم آب مجازی، برنامه­ریزی و سرمایه­گذاری شوند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - ارائه ی راهکارهای مدیریتی منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت های استان کرمان
علیرضا شاهی دشت احمد عباس نژاد
Sanad
Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications
Links
Related Centers
Technical Support
Official pages
The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024