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Open Access Article
1 - Provide a Model of Manager's Organizational Inertia and Examine its Effect on Stock Price Crash Risk
Esmaeil Abdi mehdi safari geryli Yasser Rezaei pitenoei (Ph.D)An important part of managers' decision-making functions is rooted in organizational functions in terms of the existence of drivers to monitor their performance. Inertia is considered as one of the consequences of poor organizational performance in regulatory effectiven MoreAn important part of managers' decision-making functions is rooted in organizational functions in terms of the existence of drivers to monitor their performance. Inertia is considered as one of the consequences of poor organizational performance in regulatory effectiveness as a factor to institutionalize power in managers and create opportunism to prioritize their interests. The Purpose of this research is Provide a model of manager's organizational inertia and examine its effect on Stock Price Crash Risk. In this study, stock price crash risk is calculated using three proxies and data related to organizational inertia of managers were collected through meta-analysis, Delphi analysis and finally sending a questionnaire to sample companies. The questionnaire is sent to 163 firms, among which 126 ones answered back. In order to perform the analysis process, the partial least squares analysis method was used. The results showed that managers' organizational inertia has a positive and significant effect on stock price crash risk. This result shows that non-disclosure of bad news for a long period of time is always created in the structural system of companies and even regulatory bodies, which is often due to organizational inertia, a lack of mobility in effective monitoring of managers' performance. By affecting the difference between intrinsic value and stock market value, it creates a price gap or bubble. This bubble is actually a mass of negative news that, based on the principle of utility in the economy, is transmitted to the market at a saturation point and causes the bursting of the price bubble will result in stock price crash risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Social factors influencing on robbery in Iran (A case study of Tehran Railway Station: 2004-2006)
Alireza Kaldi Reza Vaziri Pak -
Open Access Article
3 - The Analysis of JaccquesLacan’s Ideas in Akbar Radi’s From Behind the Windows
عطاالله Koopal Akram Alipour -
Open Access Article
4 - Comparison of school anxiety and its components on the fourth-grade students of elementary schools in both traditional and descriptive evaluation systems
Bahareh Bahman Alireza Kiamanesh KHadijeh AbolmaaliThis study was conducted with the aim of Comparison of school anxiety and its components on the fourth-grade students of elementary schools in both traditional and descriptive evaluation systems. For this purpose, 400 students (boy & girl) have been selected. 200 of the MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of Comparison of school anxiety and its components on the fourth-grade students of elementary schools in both traditional and descriptive evaluation systems. For this purpose, 400 students (boy & girl) have been selected. 200 of them received descriptive evaluation and the other 200 received traditional evaluation. They were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The Philips school anxiety questionnaire was used in order to compare the school anxiety. The collected information was analyzed in descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that there were no differences in school anxiety and its components between the two mentioned groups (p > 0.05). There was a difference between girls and boys in the test of anxiety and the girls showed more anxiety (p < 0.05). There was a difference between both of descriptive and traditional evaluation systems among the boy students in the test (p = 0.01) and school anxiety (p < 0.05). The students who received traditional evaluation showed more anxiety. There was a difference between boy and girl students in descriptive evaluation in the test of anxiety and the girls showed more anxiety (p < 0.01). Therefore, based on the result, it can be concluded that the descriptive evaluation is more useful for the boys and it can reduce the amount of school anxiety in them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Financial crisis and profit smoothing technique
Behrooz Ghorbani mehrdad ghanbari babak jamshidinavid Alireza MoradiThe financial crisis is a long-term process which affects many financial and operational aspects of companiesand the financial reporting system has played a major role in this process by employing different accounting methods.The purpose of this study is to analyze the MoreThe financial crisis is a long-term process which affects many financial and operational aspects of companiesand the financial reporting system has played a major role in this process by employing different accounting methods.The purpose of this study is to analyze the financial crisis by applying the method of smoothing the profit and considering the effects of the variables of the positive accounting theory.This research is a semi-experimental analytical researchWhich is applied in terms of purpose and is classified as descriptive research. Data were analyzed using a sample of 144 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange,during the period of 10 years (2007 to 2016), the data were combined and the multivariate regression model was analyzed.The results of the first to third hypotheses indicate thatthere is no significant relationship between the lack of liquidity, the inability to fulfill obligations and the failure of the operation with the profit smoothingand the reason for this is that the companies did not pay much attention to the use of smoothing in the context of the financial crisis.There is also a significant and inverse relationship between bankruptcy and profit smoothingwhich shows that companies facing bankruptcy by smoothing the profits seek to improve the conditions of bankruptcy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - بررسی تاثیر به کاربردن آنالیز نقادانه نیازهای زبان آموزان ایرانی سطح متوسط بر ارتقای سطح مهارت گفتاری آنها
سارا ظفری حسین حیدری تبریزی عزیزه چالاکدر سراسر جهان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی و یا زبان دوم تدریس میشود. در سیستم اموزشی ایران نیز به عنوان زبان خارجی تدریس میشود. با این وجود، همیشه این موضوع مطرح بوده است که برنامه های زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی بدون انجام یک تجزیه و تحلیل نقادانه از نقطه نظر دانش Moreدر سراسر جهان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی و یا زبان دوم تدریس میشود. در سیستم اموزشی ایران نیز به عنوان زبان خارجی تدریس میشود. با این وجود، همیشه این موضوع مطرح بوده است که برنامه های زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی بدون انجام یک تجزیه و تحلیل نقادانه از نقطه نظر دانش اموزان برنامه ریزی شده است.تحقیق پیش رو به تاثیربررسی انجام آنالیز نقادانه نیازهای دانش آموزان در پیشرفت مهارت گفتاری آنها پرداخت. بدین منظور 128 زبان آموز سطح متوسط ایرانی از سه آموزشگاه خصوصی زبان انتخاب شده و به دو گروه ازمایشی و گروه کنترل تقسیم شدند. ضروریات، نیازها و فقدان های دانش اموزان از طریق یک پرسشنامه و مصاحبه نیمه ساختاری مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. بر طبق نتایج امار استنباطی بیشترین میانگین متعلق به ضروریات پس از ان به فقدان ها و سپس نیازهای دانش اموزان بود. برخلاف گروه آزمایش، گروه کنترل به صورت برنامه درسی از پیش تعیین شده ی تحت آموزش قرار گرفته اند. نتایج آزمون تی نمونه های مستقل حاکی از آن بود که در پس آزمون مهارت های گفتاری شرکت کنندگان در گروه آزمایش تفاوت عمده ای با گروه کنترل داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Effectiveness of Social-Emotional Skills with YCDI on Behavioural Disorders and Academic Performance of female high school students of district 1 Tehran city
Azar Mohamadikarkani fariborz dortaj Alireza KiamaneshThe study aims to examine the impact of social - emotional skills training on the components of educational performance (self - efficacy, planning, emotional effects, lack of outcome control and motivation). The research method was the experimental design and the resear MoreThe study aims to examine the impact of social - emotional skills training on the components of educational performance (self - efficacy, planning, emotional effects, lack of outcome control and motivation). The research method was the experimental design and the research design was pre and post-test with control group. The study population consisted of all female students of the eighth - grade school of district 1 of Tehran who studied in the 1396 - 97, and they selected by cluster sampling and replaced by random sampling in the experiment and control groups. In the pre-posttest participants, using the Teenage Inventory of Social Skills (TISS) and the Educational performance Pham-Taylor Questionnaire (EPT) was evaluated. The experimental group was taught in 11 sessions of social-emotional skills in the YCDI method. Whereas, the control group did not receive any training. The results of the study using the covariance analysis showed that educational intervention affects all components of academic performance (self - efficacy, planning, emotional effects, lack of outcome control and motivation). Among the components of academic performance, education of social - emotional skills training on motivation component has the greatest effect and emotional effects and the lack of impact control has the least effect. It is recommended that teachers provide students with cognitive skills to train emotional and social skills Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - تأثیر شهادت پدر بر فرزندان(جوانان) شاهد در شهرستانهای دهاقان و شهرضا
اصغر محمدی طیبه قرمزییکی از ارکان اصلی خانواده حضور و استمرار آن در خانواده است. فقدان حضور پدر تحت تأثیر عوامل متعدد بویژه شهادت پدر اتفاق می­افتد. با توجه اهمیت موضوع مزبور این موضوع به بررسی تأثیرات شهادت پدر بر فرزندان(جوانان) شاهد در شهرستانهای دهاقان و شهرضا می­پردازد. Moreیکی از ارکان اصلی خانواده حضور و استمرار آن در خانواده است. فقدان حضور پدر تحت تأثیر عوامل متعدد بویژه شهادت پدر اتفاق می­افتد. با توجه اهمیت موضوع مزبور این موضوع به بررسی تأثیرات شهادت پدر بر فرزندان(جوانان) شاهد در شهرستانهای دهاقان و شهرضا می­پردازد. جامعه آماری پژوهش را 492 نفر از فرزندان شهید شهرستان­های دهاقان و شهرضا تشکیل دادند که حجم نمونه انتخاب شده از فرمول کوکران 176 نفر انتخاب شده است. روش مطالعه پیمایش و ابزار گردآوری دادهها پرسش­نامه بوده و روایی آن توسط اساتید دانشگاه و خبرگان در این زمینه تأیید و به منظور پایایی در یک مطالعه مقدماتی پرسش­نامه مذکور توسط 30 نفر از فرزندان شاهد تکمیل و با استفاده از نرم افزار تحلیل آماری ضریب پایایی آن از طریق آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه شد با همسان­نمودن سؤالات ضریب پایایی 87/0 برآورد گردید. در تحلیل آماری پژوهش از شیوههای آمار توصیفی و آزمونهای آماری استنباطی استفاده شده است در سطح آمار توصیفی آزمون t و تحلیل مسیر شاخص با نرم افزار لیزرل استفاده شده است. جهت رسیدن به اهداف تحقیق در مجموع هشت فرضیه مطرح گردیده و با کمک نرم افزار تحلیل آماری تأیید و یا عدم تأیید فرضیهها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و نتایج حاکی از آن است که بین فقدان پدر (شهادت) و ایجاد روحیه اعتماد به نفس و خودباوری، کمبود روابط عاطفی و کاهش امنیت خانواده و برچسب زدن مردم (دیگران) رابطه وجود دارد، همچنین بین فقدان پدر (شهادت) و مشکلات در زمینه ازدواج، نابسامانی خانواده و فرهنگی رابطه وجود ندارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Change of the Japan’s Concept of National Role and Foreign Policy Principles: From a Peaceful State to a Peacekeeping State
Mohammad sadegh babakan Majid Takht-RavanchiAbstract: From the Beginning of the 21st century, Japan is passing through a transition period, a period in which it tries to achieve a new concept of national role. The present article believes that as a consequence of international pressure, changes in domestic leade MoreAbstract: From the Beginning of the 21st century, Japan is passing through a transition period, a period in which it tries to achieve a new concept of national role. The present article believes that as a consequence of international pressure, changes in domestic leadership and social norms and an increasing aspiration for honor in international relations, Japan has been changing its foreign policy measures and its national role conception. The change in Japanese foreign policy demonstrates itself implicitly in Japan’s international peacekeeping acts and the appending new legislation “imposing effective limitations on its armed forces”. The purpose of the present study is to find a concept of the national role that best describes the goals and principles of Japanese foreign policy. The fundamental question of the article would be: what is the main reason of the change in Japan’s foreign policy principles? The underlying hypothesis is that pursuing the path of dependency has been the main factor for the change of Japan's foreign policy and the pressure emanating from dependency has directed Japan towards cosmopolitan path. The finding of the study shows Japan is now facing an uncertainty in its foreign policy and it has to choose between continuing inward looking foreign policy along with high dependency on the United States or internationalist principles as a peacekeeping state with normal defense policies. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical based on library sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Sociological analysis of Mehr housing massification policy and its role on the reduction of social deprivation under study (Mehr housing in the new phase of Hashtgerd and Shahr Lahijan in Gilan province)
Forozan Nahas Mostafa Azkia Mehrdad NavabakhshHousing is a social phenomenon and the arrangement and type of spaces as well as its appearance is influenced by cultural, social and economic factors. The aim of the current study was to analyze the sociological analysis of Mehr's housing massification policy and MoreHousing is a social phenomenon and the arrangement and type of spaces as well as its appearance is influenced by cultural, social and economic factors. The aim of the current study was to analyze the sociological analysis of Mehr's housing massification policy and its role in reducing the social deprivations studied (Mehr housing in the new phase of Hashtgerd and Shahr Lahijan in Gilan province). The research method, grounded theory, and the studied community include all citizens living in Mehr housing in Hashtgerd city and Lahijan city in Gilan province. In this research, purposeful sampling, snowball and theoretical saturation index were used to sample the research population. In the present study, interviews were conducted with 16 households living in Mehr housing. The information in this research was collected through semi-structured interviews. Collected data were coded, conceptualized and categorized. The findings of the research were based on the research paradigm model in five axes (causal conditions, intervening conditions and background conditions, strategies and consequences). The results of the research showed that the quantitative and qualitative problems of Mehr housing, poor location, economic security problems, environmental welfare problems, and institutional problems are the most important problems of Mehr housing in the scope of the study, which are all rooted in the poor management of the different phases of the implementation of the Mehr housing project. Paying attention to the identified problems, in the not too distant future these social housing will face more complex and critical challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Myth of Absence of Girl
Mohammad Mashhadi NoushabadOne of the myths about places of pilgrimage in Iranian culture is the myth that tells about the absence of girl from fountain or well which is reflected in public beliefs. Perhaps, the background of this myth is the story of stealing Shahrnaz and Arnavaz, the daughters MoreOne of the myths about places of pilgrimage in Iranian culture is the myth that tells about the absence of girl from fountain or well which is reflected in public beliefs. Perhaps, the background of this myth is the story of stealing Shahrnaz and Arnavaz, the daughters of Jamshid, by Zahhāk and being freed by Jamshid, and the story of the absence of Kei-Khosrow from the fountain. Some scholars believe that in Aryan culture the stealing girl or cow is connected with absence of rain. This article indicates that this myth has five basic elements: the absence of girl in a determined place, the place of absence that is usually connected with water (fountain or well), the evil that the girl is absent for deliverance from it, the dream that narrates the story of absence and holiness, and the holiness of the place and the holding the rites of pilgrimage. The places include all Zoroastrian holy shrines (pirangah) and many Islamic Shrines as well. The exact analysis of elements of the myth needs to notice the location of fountain, water, stone and sacred rock, wickedness of the evil force and its attack on the holy force, spell bounding of water and blessing, and water shortages. Also, the relationship of the myth with Anahita is proved in the article. Since the myth appears in dream, a psychological analysis is employed. As a result, in pre-Islamic era, the shortage of water in fountains and wells relating to the absence of Anahita, transforms to the absence of the daughter of saint in Islamic period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - بررسی دلایل مقاومت کارکنان در مقابل سیستم های مدیریت دانش (مطالعه موردی: گمرکات استان آذربایجان شرقی)
غفار تاری علی خدایی -
Open Access Article
13 - عوامل اجتماعی موثر بر خشونت علیه زنان در خانواده با تاکید بر نقش نظام اقتداری در خانواده
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