List of Articles علف‌کش‌ها

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  1 - Investigation of the Factors Affecting the Degradation of Expired Herbicides Stockpiles of Agricultural Supportive Services Company
  Elham Shahinfar Ahmad Heidari Mohammad Reza Damavandian Babak Heidari Alizadeh
  Background and Objective: Expired pesticides are a major problem in many countries. Thus, we need to know the effective factors in pesticides degradation to prevent environmental damage of them. In many cases restructuring or demolition costs of the expired pesticides a More

  Background and Objective: Expired pesticides are a major problem in many countries. Thus, we need to know the effective factors in pesticides degradation to prevent environmental damage of them. In many cases restructuring or demolition costs of the expired pesticides are more than their primary production. Method: This study investigated the possibility of applying the expired pesticides stockpiles of agricultural supportive services company. Quality control tests were performed according to the FAO, CIPAC and pesticide manufacturers' guidelines. Results: The results were classified based on the different groups of pesticides, physical state of herbicides formulation, producing companies, date of production and location of warehouses. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square test, in case of significance. The risk test was performed to determine the relative risk for the variables using SPSS-18 software. Conclusion: Result showed a significant correlation between the time lagged after production of herbicides and degradation percentage of herbicides. The degradation percent of expired insecticides was highest and that of expiered herbicides and fungicides was at the second and third rank, respectively. The degradation percent of the expired herbicides formulated in the country was 52% and that of the expired herbicides formulated in India/China was 67%. The results show that 55% of the herbicides with liquid formulation and 26% of the herbicides with solid formulation were degraded. Considering the degradation rate of herbicides, there is no statistically significant difference between the warehouses at 4 climatic regions Manuscript profile
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  2 - Weed management in cold season food legumes (chickpeas (Cice arietinumr L.) and lentils (Lens culinaris L.)) in Iran: challenges, findings and future approaches.
  Ebrahi Izedi Darbandi Rahim Bakhsh Mohammad Nezadand Seyyed Karim Mousavi
  Among pulses, chickpea and lentil have important characteristics such as resistance to drought and tolerance to cold dtress; It is very important and in terms of cultivated area in Iran, they rank first and third respectively. Since thet are weak competitors with weeds, More

  Among pulses, chickpea and lentil have important characteristics such as resistance to drought and tolerance to cold dtress; It is very important and in terms of cultivated area in Iran, they rank first and third respectively. Since thet are weak competitors with weeds, especially in the early stages of growth, weeds are one of the serious problems in their production and yield gap. So their damage has been reported more than 90%. Therefore, weed control is one of the most important programs in chickpea and lentil management. In this regard, the review of the researchs conducted in order to adopt a suitable approach for weed management and control, can play an important role in reducing yield gap and provide a perspective for future researches in Iran. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the research conducted in weed control of chickpea and lentil in Iran. According to the reports, Iran's chickpea and lentil fields are infected with a wide range of broad and narrow leaf weeds, especially from the plant families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae and Poaceae. Considering the critical period of weed control in lentil and chickpea in Iran (30 to 60 days after planting), their control (mechanical, agronomical and chemical) in this period is necessary to obtain an acceptable yield. The most important limitation in the entezari planting of chickpea and lentil weeds are weeds, which due to the decrease in rainfall in the Iran and the importance of changing the growing season from spring to autumn, it is necessary to pay attention to the control of weeds in this planting system. Considering the existence of grass killer herbicides in the Iran, chemical control of grassy weeds in chickpea and lentil is less difficult, and for chemical control of broad leaf weeds, pyridite, trifluralin, fumsafen, isoxaflotel and piroxasulfone and the mixture of sulfentrazone + flumioxazin herbicides have been reported to be acceptable in chickpea and pendimetalin for lentil. Manuscript profile
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  3 - The effect of chemical control of Echinochloa crus- galli weed at different growth stages on oil seed sunflower (Helianthus annus cv. Urofloure) yield.
  Sakineh Hasanzadeh Aghbolaghi
  In order to study the effect of chemical control of Echinochloa crus- galli indifferent growth stages and determine the best herbicide application time and amount on the yield of oil-seed sunflower cv. Urofloure, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural and Natural R More

  In order to study the effect of chemical control of Echinochloa crus- galli indifferent growth stages and determine the best herbicide application time and amount on the yield of oil-seed sunflower cv. Urofloure, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research stations of Khoy region as split-split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2006. Factors comprised of  herbicide type as main factor (Haloxyfop­-­ethoxyethyl, Setoxydim and cycloxydim along with a control),  herbicide application time as the sub-factor (4-6, 8-­0 and  12-­14 leaf stages) and herbicide dosage as the sub-sub factor (1 l.ha-1 and 2 l.ha-1). The measured traits were number of seeds per plant, weigh of thousand seeds, seed yield and oil yield. Results showed that maximum weight of thousand seeds was obtained by application of one litre per hectare Cycloxydim at 4­–­6 leaf stage. Application of one litre per hectare Haloxy fop­-­ethoxyethyl at 4­–­6 leaf stage resulted in maximum seed yield (4961 kg.ha-1). Also, the maximum oil yield was obtained with application of 2 litre Haloxy fop­-­ethoxyethyl at 8­–­10 leaf stage and one litre Haloxy fop­-­ethoxyethyl at 4­–­6 leaf stage (2315 and 2310  kg.ha,-1 respectively). Based on the results, Haloxy fop­­-­ethoxyethyl application at 4­–­6 leaf stage caused maximum number of seeds per plant and the highest oil and seed yield. Haloxyfop­-ethoxyethyl was also better than other treatments in weed control. Manuscript profile