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Open Access Article
1 - Explaining Factors Effecting on Horticulture Sector’s Sustainability (Case Study of Urmia County)
Sajjad Hesami Rishkani loghman rashidpour Soleiman Rasouli AzarSustainability and safety of agricultural products, particularly horticultural products, have a great importance in human nutrition community and can be a major factor on protection of sources and improving human health. The purpose of this study was to explain effectiv MoreSustainability and safety of agricultural products, particularly horticultural products, have a great importance in human nutrition community and can be a major factor on protection of sources and improving human health. The purpose of this study was to explain effective factors on sustainability of horticulture sector in Urmia County. This research based on aim is applied, on the basis of data collection is a library and field research with descriptive - survey type. The sample population consisted of 130 people from Gardeners were selected by using Morgan table. Multistage sampling was used to determine samples. The research instrument was consisted of researcher-made questionnaire that its validity confirmed with a supervisor, advisor. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure reliability of different sections and its value was determined 0.87. Based on the findings, most of Gardeners about 41.5% had bachelor degree or higher. The average of work experience of gardening work among respondents was about 23 years and 77.7% of them had gardening work as their primary occupation. The results of factor analysis showed that effective factors on sustainability of horticulture sector in Urmia county can be classified in 7 factors, that totally explained 80.8% variance of effective factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Study of Socio-Economic Impact of Targeted Subsidies Law on Rural Households’ quality of Life in Urmia Township
Amir Ahmadi Gholam reza Mojaradi Mohammad BadsarLiving in rural areas tend to have less access to socio-economic services, so improving the quality of Life of rural communities is the ultimate goal of rural development projects or programs. The targeted subsidies law has been implemented in Iran by emphasis on establ MoreLiving in rural areas tend to have less access to socio-economic services, so improving the quality of Life of rural communities is the ultimate goal of rural development projects or programs. The targeted subsidies law has been implemented in Iran by emphasis on establishing of Justice and social welfare, and also improving the quality of life for poor society layers. This descriptive analytical survey was aimed to study of socio-economic impact of targeted subsidies law on rural households’ of Urmia Township. The statistical population of the studied areas consisted of all the rural households in Urmia Township (N=71353). According to the Cochran formula, a sample size of 265 was selected using a multistage sampling technique (n=265). A questionnaire was used to collect the data required. The validity of the questionnaire used was confirmed by a panel of experts. A pilot study was conducted to establish the reliability of the instrument used. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the main scales of the questionnaire was 0.7 to 0.93. The results revealed that the targeted subsidies law implementation has a significant positive effect on social (sig = 0.000 and β=0.582) and economical (sig = 0.000 and β=0.531) dimensions of the quality of life on rural households’ of Urmia Township, but its’ social effects has been more than economic effects. However, all the changes cannot be associated to targeted subsidies law implementation uncertainly, because, the quality of life conditions and factors are very diverse and numerous Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes in Koozeh cheeses of Urmia retails
B. Abbasinejad مسلم Neyriz-Nagadehi Nagi Taher Talatappeh Koozeh cheese is of the local traditional cheeses of Azerbaijan and Kurdistan areas of Iran, and this cheese has high consumption among the people of these regions. Listeria monocytogenes is a food borne pathogen, and because of its growth at refrigeration More Koozeh cheese is of the local traditional cheeses of Azerbaijan and Kurdistan areas of Iran, and this cheese has high consumption among the people of these regions. Listeria monocytogenes is a food borne pathogen, and because of its growth at refrigeration temperatures has great concern in public health. In the present research, prevalence rate of L. monocytogenes in Koozeh cheeses of Urmia retails was surveyed. Moreover, antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was studied. One hundred samples of Koozeh cheese were collected randomly from Urmia retails in the spring of 2013. Samples were cultured in L-PALCAM Listeria selective enrichment broth with supplement. The enriched samples were transferred to PALCAM Listeria selective agar with antibiotics. For the identification of Listeria species, specific biochemical tests were performed. Antibiotic susceptibility of L. monocytogenes isolates was determined by disk diffusion method using penicillin G, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin. Among the 100 tested samples, L. monocytogenes was isolated from 3 of the samples. Antibiogram results showed that all L. monocytogenes isolates were susceptible to the tested antibiotics. However, tetracycline, penicillin and erythromycin were shown larger diameter of inhibition zone than the others. Although the prevalence rate of L. monocytogenes in Koozeh cheeses was low, its capability to growth in refrigerator conditions along with the pathogenicity of the bacterium to humans, hygienic production and distribution of these cheeses are recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - study compared the effectiveness of filters of acidophilus, cephalexin, and garlic essential oil on dominant bacteria causing otitis dogs in Urmia
Mohamadhosein SadeghizaliThis study compared the effectiveness of filters of acidophilus, cephalexin, and garlic essential oil on dominant bacteria causing otitis dogs in Urmia. Garlic oil was obtained in pure form. Different dilutions of antibiotic cephalexin were prepared after preparing. The MoreThis study compared the effectiveness of filters of acidophilus, cephalexin, and garlic essential oil on dominant bacteria causing otitis dogs in Urmia. Garlic oil was obtained in pure form. Different dilutions of antibiotic cephalexin were prepared after preparing. The acidophilus filter preparation was carried out. Analyzing the antimicrobial properties and stability of acidophilus filter is done through determining MIC, MBC and hard Disc. The results showed that 50 cases of samples were male and 52 samples were female of 102 middle ear infection samples. In 90 cases (88.24%) the infection was due to bacterial otitis of which Staphylococcus aureus (22.5%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (18.6%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.7%) had maximum middle ear- infection leading bacteria, respectively, and 12 (11.76%) had infectious causes. Acidophilus filter and garlic oil could inhibit otitis predominant bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) in dog in the city of Urmia almost as common antibiotics and inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus significantly more than Streptococcus pneumoniae (P <0.05). The mean minimum inhibitory concentrations and bactericidal concentration of Staphylococcus aureus growth affected by acidophilus filter, garlic oil and cephalexin antibiotic and also the complexes of garlic essential oil + acidophilus filter, and acidophilus filter + cephalexin were significantly lower than that of Streptococcus pneumonia and the minimum inhibitory concentration and bactericidal concentration of the growth of garlic oil + cephalexin was the same on both of bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A study of learning organization in Technical and vocational organization of Urmia and its consistency with the entrepreneurial strategis of that organization
sadegh malekiavarsin Somaye FarjiThe aim of this research was to make study of the components of the learning organization and its compliance whit entrepreneurial strategies of the technical and professional organizations in Uromiyeh. The Statistical populationconsisted of technical and professional st MoreThe aim of this research was to make study of the components of the learning organization and its compliance whit entrepreneurial strategies of the technical and professional organizations in Uromiyeh. The Statistical populationconsisted of technical and professional staff of uromiyeh. The sample of the study included 120 technical and professional staff who were randomly selected using stratified sampling.To collect the data, the researcher used the learning organization and entrepreneurial strategies questionnaires. To check the reliability of the questionnaires, cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated which was 0.82 and 0.90 for entrepreneurial strategies and learning organizationquestionnaires respectively. The obtained data was analyzed by conducting descriptive andinferential statistics, T test, Friedman and Structural EquationModeling analyses using SPSS and PLC software. The results revealed that the components of learning organization were above the mean at an optimal level. Moreover, the components of learning organization matched some of the strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Study of coliform bacteria contamination of ice factory in urmia city
Nahid Navidjoy Anahita Dehghani Farshad Bahrami Jafar Ghasemi Sima Karim ZadehThe important of transmission of pathogens through ice is not less than transmission it through the water. The cause's ice contamination is contaminated water, unhealthy ways of transit, distribution and inappropriate keeping conditions. In this cross-sectional study, a MoreThe important of transmission of pathogens through ice is not less than transmission it through the water. The cause's ice contamination is contaminated water, unhealthy ways of transit, distribution and inappropriate keeping conditions. In this cross-sectional study, a total sample of 36 from four factories, ice storage of Urmia City is selected randomly from 3 parts of feed water, production process and ice output in the summer. The samples are investigated from the view of total coli form and fecal coli form. The health condition of factories and the method of chlorination of water resources are assessed by check list. The results showed that, 50 percent of the samples of raw feed water to ice maker factories and the product process more than standard and 16.67% from them contaminated with fecal coli form. And in ice output 58.33% and 8.33%. The survey about health condition of factories showed that, 75% factories in order to buildings position and personal health, 56.2% with tools and 25% by chlorination in were appropriate situation, but the method preservation and storage of all factories were inappropriate from the view of health. The survey results showed that, lack of water chlorination to ice maker factories is the main factor of bacterial contamination of ice production. Therefore, authorities should pay more attention on microbiological health conditions of ice including microbiological investigation and supervision on production process distribution and transit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Study of microbial contamination in traditional ice cream (Case study: City of Urmia)
Nahid Navidjoy Sima KarimzadehSadegh Anahita Dehghani Farshad BahramiAslAbstract Regarding that, the production of unpasteurized ice cream entitled to traditional ice cream is very common in our country and, on the other hand, the consumption of this product among different age groups especially children in warm seasons is high MoreAbstract Regarding that, the production of unpasteurized ice cream entitled to traditional ice cream is very common in our country and, on the other hand, the consumption of this product among different age groups especially children in warm seasons is high, Thus, the pollution of this product to pathogenic microorganisms could be the reason for food poisoning and infections in consumer. In this research, samples of traditional ice cream were collected from four regions of Urmia City (10 samples from each region) and transferred with in compliance with the standard condition for microbial testing to laboratory. The examination was conducted based on standard laboratory methods and the results were analyzed. The results showed that, in the mesophilic bacteria count 80% of samples in the entrobacteria count 92.5% of samples were more than the standard rate. And in this case, the Escherichia coli bacteria 47.5%, Staphylococcus 45% and Salmonella 40% was isolated from others. According to the results, using healthy and pasteurized milk in making ice cream, creating good condition for transit, and keeping milk, training for producers of ice cream to observance of personal hygiene in all steps of manufacturing and distribution of ice cream is essential and recommended Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - A study of socio-political factors affecting ethnic convergences (Case Study: ethnic groups of the city of Uremia)
mehdi ghassed Habibolah Zanjani Alireza KaldiEthnic groups in every society have an important role in national solidarity and if they are challenged, they can endanger national security. Nowadays ethnicities are one of the necessities of development in the Islamic Republic of Iran and luckily after the Islamic Rev MoreEthnic groups in every society have an important role in national solidarity and if they are challenged, they can endanger national security. Nowadays ethnicities are one of the necessities of development in the Islamic Republic of Iran and luckily after the Islamic Revolution, due to policymaking, ethnic convergence has moved towards national solidarity. To highlight ethnic convergence in this research, political and social factors which influence the subject are studied. This case of study includes ethnic groups in the city of Uremia in comparison with those of the whole country. The methodology is qualitative and grounded theory is applied to fulfill the research. The qualitative data of the research were gathered through deep interviews and grounded theory strategy was used for the provision of the final theory. Using purposeful sampling and considering the fact of information saturation, 15 deep interviews with the people of the society were done. Gathered data were categorized within 63 concepts and amongst them 5 main categories were obtained: nationalism and common history, common religion, security and hope. The core category is the concept of security which encompasses the other categories. The results of the research indicated that the ethnic groups in Uremia inclined towards ethnic convergence due to political and social security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Analysis of rural population structure in regions of Urmia city
Ali Akbar Taghiloo Ali Akbar Anabestani Reza KhosrobeygiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of demographic indicators based on the development levels of villages in the Urmia region. It also examines the demographic structure of rural areas based on environmental capacities. In this research, a combi MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of demographic indicators based on the development levels of villages in the Urmia region. It also examines the demographic structure of rural areas based on environmental capacities. In this research, a combination of descriptive, analytical and comparative methods has been used. The method of data collection is a documentary method and has been compiled from the statistics center, satellite images and documents, and statistics on natural resources and agriculture. The TOPSIS model for development analysis and model cluster analysis was used, and to analysis Population indicator was used of Gini index and measures inequality. The results show that have measures of population distribution in different ecological areas than in rural developmental areas. The Gini index show the same all parameters of population ecological region except density population areas And the Gini index of regional development show that is unequal population growth and mean of rural population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Spatial Analysis of Rural Level with Distributed Justice Approach Case Study: Urmia Central District Villages
mossa kamanroodi taher parizadi hujjat mirzazadehEquity-based planning should move away from techno-logical approaches and move toward multi-stakeholder policies, giving power to local management.From this perspective, the point of shared planning and social justice is distributive justice.The basis for a fair distrib MoreEquity-based planning should move away from techno-logical approaches and move toward multi-stakeholder policies, giving power to local management.From this perspective, the point of shared planning and social justice is distributive justice.The basis for a fair distribution of services is the two criteria of accessibility and the spatial distribution of services.Recognizing the differences between different regions and regions in order to provide appropriate plans for aligning and reducing regional inequalities is the first step in spatial planning.The purpose of this research is to study the level of rural areas in the central part of Urmia city from the inputs and facilities and comparing villages in terms of utilizing facilities and services. Finally, due to the different geographic conditions of the region, the results were combined with the Kaplend model and the final level of acceptance was accepted, which indicates the difference in the level of rural districts and the lack of distributive justice among them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - بررسی مزیت نسبی تولید و سنجش رقابت پذیری محصولات عمده زراعی شهرستان ارومیه با ماتریس تحلیل سیاستی
دنیا بایزیدنژاد محمد خداوردیزاده صدیقه هاشمی بنابهدف این مطالعه بررسی مزیت نسبی تولید، آثار سیاست­های حمایتی دولت و توان رقابتی محصولات عمده زراعی شهرستان ارومیه با استفاده از ماتریس تحلیل سیاستی در سال زراعی 96-1395 می‎‏باشد. نتایج شاخص­های مزیت نسبی نشان دهنده این بود که از بین محصولات عم Moreهدف این مطالعه بررسی مزیت نسبی تولید، آثار سیاست­های حمایتی دولت و توان رقابتی محصولات عمده زراعی شهرستان ارومیه با استفاده از ماتریس تحلیل سیاستی در سال زراعی 96-1395 می‎‏باشد. نتایج شاخص­های مزیت نسبی نشان دهنده این بود که از بین محصولات عمده زراعی شهرستان با توجه به سه شاخص مزیت نسبی اعم از: شاخص سود خالص اجتماعی (NSP)، شاخص هزینه منابع داخلی (DRC)، شاخص هزینه به منفعت اجتماعی(SCB)، شهرستان ارومیه در تولید گندم آبی، گندم دیم، جو دیم، آفتابگردان، گوجه فرنگی، نخود و لوبیا قرمز دارای مزیت نسبی و در تولید جو آبی و چغندر قند فاقد مزیت نسبی بوده است. براساس شاخص NSP)) تولید گوجه فرنگی دارای مزیت­نسبی بالاتری در مقایسه با سایر محصولات می‏باشد و لوبیا قرمز، نخود دیم، آفتابگردان، گندم آبی، گندم دیم و جو دیم به ترتیب در اولویت­های بعدی قرار دارند. با توجه به شاخص توان رقابت هزینه­ای تمامی محصولات مورد بررسی توان رقابت هزینه­ای را دارا می باشند. همچنین نتایج بررسی شاخص­های حمایتی اعم از ضریب حمایت اسمی از نهاده (NPCI)، گویای این بودکه یارانه غیرمستقیمی به نهاده­های قابل تجارت تمامی محصولات مورد مطالعه پرداخت می­شود. مقدار شاخص (NPCO) برای محصولات گندم آبی، گندم دیم، آفتابگردان، نخود دیم و لوبیا قرمز بیانگر اعمال مالیات غیر مستقیم بر تولید این محصولات از طرف دولت می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - An Analysis of the Adoption Process of Sprinkler Irrigation System Among Agronomic Farmers of Urmia
Shahram Mohammad zade Hosein Rezaee Azam Rezaee -
Open Access Article
13 - Organizing and assessment of Technical & Vocational majors in Orumieh
Golaleh Atashsiro Mohammad Hassani Mir najaf MosaviAbstract This study deals with organizing and assessment of Technical & Vocational educational branch in Orumieh. Study research population consisted of all male and female students, teachers and male and female employers in Orumieh which include 3434 students, 333 MoreAbstract This study deals with organizing and assessment of Technical & Vocational educational branch in Orumieh. Study research population consisted of all male and female students, teachers and male and female employers in Orumieh which include 3434 students, 333 administrator and unknown number of employers. In order to estimate sample size 322 students were selected using Morgan& Krejcie table more ever 20 teachers and 10 employers also were selected by instructors’ advice through random stratified method. This is an applied research which has been performed by descriptive- survey method. Research tool were 3 researchers made questionnaire with 35 question considering its durability and reliability. Data analysis in descriptive level used frequency, mean, and standard deviation and in inferential level from t, single variable, one way ANOVA, t with two independent variables and also Freedman test have been performed. Research results revealed that current status in technical and vocational is in relatively desirable level. Teachers have more positive view than students; moreover between teachers and employers view, students and employers, male and female students there are not any difference. Further more major priorities from study groups’ point of view have been discussed so that not only recognize requirement of studied population but also preparing Technical and Vocational majors. Manuscript profile
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