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Open Access Article
1 - A Study on Nizami’s Khosrow & Shirin and Jamil ibn Ma'mar’s Divan from Feminism School Viewpoint
Reyhaneh Sardar Ali Ganjiyan Khonaari Ebrahim DibajiWomen have always had special status in various cultures and in all eras and their statuses have changed according to each era’s culture and tradition. In the history of Iran after Islam which was coincided with Umayyad civilization and culture, woman had remarkab MoreWomen have always had special status in various cultures and in all eras and their statuses have changed according to each era’s culture and tradition. In the history of Iran after Islam which was coincided with Umayyad civilization and culture, woman had remarkable role and two mentioned cultures owned obvious differences and similarities in the field of women’s cultural and social status partially. Khosrow & Shirin by Nizami was an iconoclast work in spite of an ancient background. On the other hand an Arab poet (Jamil ibn Ma'mar) – in Arabic literature –lived in an era in which women had no specific value; but the abovementioned poet paid special attention to women and their values in his poetries whose works aid us to study the aforesaid subject in Nizami’s Khosrow & Shirin and Jamil ibn Ma'mar’s Divan comparatively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigation and analysis of two archetypes of anima and animus, in the stories of Khosrow, Shirin, Lily and Majnoon of Nezami
KhAdigeh Mortezaie Ahmad Hasani Ranjbar Mahdiyeh SalahiThe critique of the archetype of literary texts is a valuable critique from an anthropological and epistemological point of view because it shows the depth of the poet or writer's thought. Nezami, the great Iranian poet, is one of the few storytellers who reflects on th MoreThe critique of the archetype of literary texts is a valuable critique from an anthropological and epistemological point of view because it shows the depth of the poet or writer's thought. Nezami, the great Iranian poet, is one of the few storytellers who reflects on the psychological characteristics of the characters in his story and explains their stagnation and dynamism in connection with "Anima and Animos". In this article, the main characters of the two stories, Khosrow and Shirin and Lily and Majnoon, using Jung's archetypal theory, which is part of his theory of individuality, to examine the influence of men's feminine nature and women's masculine nature on their psyche has been. The relevant information is obtained using the library method and then described using the analytical method. These two stories show that Nezami, without being aware of Jung's theories, simultaneously emphasized the role of women in transforming men's personalities. This study shows that the women of the story, Shirin and Lily, of course, with the significant differences that can be seen in them, have been able to transform their men in such a way that at the end of the story, they become different human beings than at the beginning, have been become. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The talk about ethics and courtesy of love in persisn lyrical account of love especially in khosro and shirin
Soheila Mohaghegh Mahbobeh Khorasani morteza rashidiLove is a manifestation of human emotions. Logically, neither of lovers can commit themselves to loving the other one in the same way for ever. This has made philosophers consider this issue carefully. The aim of ethics of love is to not disregard morality and courtesy MoreLove is a manifestation of human emotions. Logically, neither of lovers can commit themselves to loving the other one in the same way for ever. This has made philosophers consider this issue carefully. The aim of ethics of love is to not disregard morality and courtesy of love emphasizes the attitude of lovers after falling in love. Both ethics and courtesy of love determine the success or failure of the love relationship. Our question is how lovers would interact with each other in classic lyrical account of love, compared with some of contemporary accounts of temporary love. Since love is exquisitely manifested in classic works like Khosro and Shirin, this work was selected as the source of the study. Based on Mostafa Malekian’s article, a qualitative analysis was done to read this work to find the impact of observing or ignoring morality and courtesy of love in the romance between the love characters of this story. It was concluded that ignoring ethics of love is evident in classic works and that main characters commit immorality in love so the success of their romance is put in danger. Khosro ignoring the ethics and courtesy of love, destroys their romance. Shirin, however, observes both the ethics and courtesy of love. She behaves reasonably and tries to have love and abstinence simultaneously. It is also interesting that female lovers tend to observe the ethics and courtesy of love more than male lovers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Analysis Of Time Structure In Nizami's Khosrow And Shirin On The Basis Of Gennete Narration And Time Model
fatemeh ghorbani mohammad gholamrezai Genette narrative model is one of the most effective theories in narratology. In a part of the theory Gérard Genette studies the narrative time on three major issues: the order of the narrative, the speed of the narrative and the fr More Genette narrative model is one of the most effective theories in narratology. In a part of the theory Gérard Genette studies the narrative time on three major issues: the order of the narrative, the speed of the narrative and the frequency of events. He showed that each of the three elements defined in this issue can speed up or slow down the narration or give a constant speed to the narration. Hakim Nizami Ganjavi’s Khosrow and Shirin is one of the unsurpassed masterpieces in the realm of fiction. The perdurable magnum opus of Persian literature can be tested by the modern criteria of fiction and narratology knowledge due to accurate narrative capacities. So, this study is trying to introduce a new approach in studying Khamse’s stories and identify narrative patterns of stories by analyzing the status and function of the element of time and by studying the scheduling of Khosrow and Shirin narrations. In addition to the recognition of Nizami’s narrative grammar of the story, the researcher has considered linking the ancient Persian literature and modern approaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Analysis of the Main Features of Lyrical Literature in Nezami’s Three Romances (Khosrow o Shirin, Layli o Majnun, Haft Paykar)
Fereshte Nasseri Abdol-Hossein Farzad -
Open Access Article
6 - Cases of Keeping Silent of Female Characters in Persian Literature: A Survey
Ataollah Koupal -
Open Access Article
7 - A Comparative Study of the roles of birds in Khosrow and Shirin, Leili and Majnoun
Hamid Ayaz Ahmad KhatemiSymbols are part of the culture of a nation and in order to better understand the myths and literature of that nation, we have to realize the meanings these symbols convey. Symbol, sign, is an indication having a meaning beyond what it signifies. Symbols can be observed MoreSymbols are part of the culture of a nation and in order to better understand the myths and literature of that nation, we have to realize the meanings these symbols convey. Symbol, sign, is an indication having a meaning beyond what it signifies. Symbols can be observed in all forms of nature cases in point are animals, human beings, plants, things, etc. This paper tries to answer the question that what the significations of the names of birds are in Khosrow and Shirin, and in Leili and Majnoun? How have each group of the birds been presented in these two works considering their symbolic meanings? And how to find if there is a relationship existing between their symbolic meanings? To find answers for the questions raised, first, these two works have been studied in detail, next the symbolic meanings behind the words and the figurative meanings extant in these two works have been demonstrated, then meanings with lyrical themes have been determined, and in the end, the comparison between the symbols and their meanings have been presented in Fig. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The ancient roots of lyric literature
mona Ahmadi Ahmad KhatamiLyric literature is one of the most effective literary types of Persian language ancientness and its extent is such that it can not be found in any literary text that isnot mixed with the lyrical literature. The present study is to answer two questions , whether the roo MoreLyric literature is one of the most effective literary types of Persian language ancientness and its extent is such that it can not be found in any literary text that isnot mixed with the lyrical literature. The present study is to answer two questions , whether the roots of lyric literature found in the literature before Islam or not ? if the answer is positive how is the amount and kind of enjoying the lyrical content of pre-Islamic literature ?To achieve a scientific answer , the first history of ancient Iran poems combining music explored through oral tradition of literature - khosravanyat , fahlavyat and issues raised in this kind of poetry - study and then with consideration in “Vis and Ramin” Fakhruddin As'd Gorgani and “Khosrow and Shirin” Nezami , the amount effectiveness of pre-Islamic Persian poet literature in the process evolution of lyric literature is shown. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Concept of Examination and Trial in ''Khosrow'' & ''Shirin ''work of Nezami
Zahrasadat Mousavi Ahmad KhatamiIn this paper, we (the writers) try to analyse the concept of ''examination and trial'' in ''Khosrow'' & ''Shirin'' literary work of Nezami, together with effects and requirements. The examination and trial means to test or; and in Quran culture it refers to sets of MoreIn this paper, we (the writers) try to analyse the concept of ''examination and trial'' in ''Khosrow'' & ''Shirin'' literary work of Nezami, together with effects and requirements. The examination and trial means to test or; and in Quran culture it refers to sets of continuous programmes which are about human being and his function and behaviour. In this literary work; Nezami causes ''Khosrow'' and ''Shirin'' to be exposed to several examinations, such as love, separation, power and etc. This paper starts; with presentation of the background of examination and trial,. Then it goes by citing the history of examination and trial in Quran, and anecdotes of Innocents and philosophical texts dealing with the studying the examination and trials existing in literary work of ''Khosrow'' & Shirin''. And with purifying ''Khosrow'' & ''Shirin'' story we study the present examination and trials. Ultimately, we, conclude that in this literary work (Khosrow & Shirin) , Nezami has purified their loves through examination and trial, Nezami fosters these two characters and purify their loves by changing their lustful loves to a heavenly and purely love. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Dialogue and Dramatic characterization in Nezami's lyrics: Khosro and Shirin
Vahideh Shirkavand Seyed Ahmad Hosseini KazerooniNezami's lyrics, Khosro and Shirin, as a great example of Persian lyrics, have embedded different parts of dramatic type in it. Nezami's Khosro and Shirin is very significant in dialogue and characterization. It is also eminent when there is a necessity of monologue. By MoreNezami's lyrics, Khosro and Shirin, as a great example of Persian lyrics, have embedded different parts of dramatic type in it. Nezami's Khosro and Shirin is very significant in dialogue and characterization. It is also eminent when there is a necessity of monologue. By bringing the examples from the inside of the context, the writer in this essay has tries to analyze the characters and their dialogues and finally the readers can believe that a work can be both dramatic and literary, whether it is the lyrics type or other types. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A comparative study of irony in Khosrow and Shirin Ferdowsi and Nezami
برات محمدی Parvin Faizullahzade hKhoiiRhetorical forms are important elements of semantics that, in addition to linguistic functions, have a tremendous effect on the outcome of meaning. Ferdowsi and Nezami are so intertwined with word and meaning that on the one hand in linguistic richness and on the other MoreRhetorical forms are important elements of semantics that, in addition to linguistic functions, have a tremendous effect on the outcome of meaning. Ferdowsi and Nezami are so intertwined with word and meaning that on the one hand in linguistic richness and on the other hand reinforcement of meaning is very important. Irony is one of the forms of expression and artistic style of speech and usually has a high frequency in the poetry of poets, and military and Ferdowsi speech and poetry are no exception to this rule. The purpose of writing this article is a comparative study of irony in Khosrow and Shirin Ferdowsi and Nezami. The research method is descriptive-quantitative. The results showed that the number of allusions in Khosrow and Shirin Nezami is far more than the allusions of Khosrow and Shirin Ferdowsi. The irony is more than the verb in the military work and Ferdowsi has used the irony of the name and adjective more in this. The reflection and frequency of cryptic allusions, implication and elaboration are low in both works, its percentage is very low in Khosrow and Shirin Nezami, but no frequency was found in Khosrow and Shirin Ferdowsi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Analyzing the metaphor of Masrha and the metaphor of Makaniyeh in the stories of Weiss and Ramin, Khosrow and Shirin, Gol and Nowruz.
bayan foroughkermanshahi mohammadreza ghari Majid AziziImagination is the essence and the main substance and constant element of poetry and it is something that comes from the power of imagination. Imagination is the measure of artistic value and validity of poetry. If we accept that poetry is the entanglement of thought, e MoreImagination is the essence and the main substance and constant element of poetry and it is something that comes from the power of imagination. Imagination is the measure of artistic value and validity of poetry. If we accept that poetry is the entanglement of thought, emotion and imagination in a melodious language, and that imagination is the main element of poetry, then we will realize the importance of imagination in the field of poetry. One of the most beautiful elements of imagination is metaphor, which has many types but In this article, it is tried to be investigated in general under the title of Masraha metaphor and Makaniyeh metaphor and to determine the amount of imagery with this element in the poems. To express his feelings, the poet chooses the most general element of imagination, i.e. metaphor. Based on this, three romantic poems which are similar in terms of theme, situation and romantic images have been chosen to examine the element of metaphor in them in order to know that in these poems, in different situations that occur in the story, To what extent have the poets decided to use the element of metaphor to convey their meaning? In this research, three love poems have been studied in a descriptive-analytical way, and the evolution of the images of fantasy from the 4th century to the 8th century has been examined. Also, a statistical chart of imaginary elements has been prepared, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - صورتگری استعاره در منظومه«خسرو و شیرین» براساس دیدگاه ریکور
صبا پورشسب نسرین قدمگاهی ثانی -
Open Access Article
14 - تحلیل داستان ساز و کار عشق در خسرو و شیرین نظامی گنجه ای بر اساس «مثلث عشق» اشتنبرگ
مریم رحمانی -
Open Access Article
15 - Comparative Study of Significance of Barbad’s musical modes or alhan in Nizami’s Khosrow and Shirin and Manuchehri’s Texts
Mansoure SabetzadehStudying music in literary texts and its mutual inspirations is one of the branches of comparative studies. This paper investigates music and its system in Nizami’sKhosrow and Shirin. Khosrow and Shirin is one of the most prominent musical heritages and Barbad&rsq MoreStudying music in literary texts and its mutual inspirations is one of the branches of comparative studies. This paper investigates music and its system in Nizami’sKhosrow and Shirin. Khosrow and Shirin is one of the most prominent musical heritages and Barbad’s musical derivative modes called Alhan in which the names of songs and sounds, instruments and music have been cited in terms of lyrical themes. Thus, it is used as a sovereign exposition of music. One of the most significant elements of Khosrow and Shirinis revealing some parts of musical system of Sassanid era including Barbad’s thirty derivative modes named lahn. Theses modes had been appraised by Manuchehriformerly. This paper is a comparative study of Barbad’s modes or alhan cited in various accounts in different texts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigating the love of Eros, the beauty factor of the story in "Wis and Ramin" and "Khosrow and Shirin" (based on John Lee's theory)
tayebe abdollahzade vajiheh torkamani barandozi The love poems of "Wis and Ramin" by Fakhreddin Asad Gorgani and "Khosrow and Shirin" Nezami are Undoubtedly, they are among the most prominent works of lyrical poetry. The dimensions of romantic relationships between the characters of the story also provide a goo More The love poems of "Wis and Ramin" by Fakhreddin Asad Gorgani and "Khosrow and Shirin" Nezami are Undoubtedly, they are among the most prominent works of lyrical poetry. The dimensions of romantic relationships between the characters of the story also provide a good basis for studying the subject of love and its types with psychological theories. One of these topics is John Lee's theory of love. He has studied the three main love styles of Eros, Ludos, Storg, secondary mania styles, agape, pragma and also compared it with the main colors. The purpose of this study is to study the love of Eros in these two love poems using John Lee's theory of love. So the main question is to answer the question of what color of love in these stories corresponds to what color of love in John Lee's theory and what are the most important components of Eros love that is the main factor of beauty and charm in these stories? The result of this research shows that by examining this issue descriptively-analytically in both stories, an important love component (Eros) is identified related to the behavior of the characters in the story. This component includes a number of actions and motivations that are consistent with John Lee's view in red. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Sociological Criticism of "Characters" Nezami Ganjavi’s Khosrow and Shirin
Mohammad amin Ehsani EstahbanatiThis article provides sociological criticism of characters in Nezami Ganjavi’s Khosrow and Shirin. Sociological criticism approach in the context of evaluating the components of social values, social interactions, social skills, social orientations, and social con MoreThis article provides sociological criticism of characters in Nezami Ganjavi’s Khosrow and Shirin. Sociological criticism approach in the context of evaluating the components of social values, social interactions, social skills, social orientations, and social control in characters of Shirin, Khosrow, Mahin Banu, Maryam, and Shekar in a classified way, and in each case, based on poetic evidence extracted from Khosrow and Shirin, analysis and comparison is performed. The findings of this article show that wisdom and self-esteem are the gifts granted to girls and women of Khosrow and Shirin through free social space and realistic overlook the society has over women. Moreover, Nezami was under the influence of various social stimuli that is clearly manifested in developing the characters in Khosrow and Shirin. However, it should be noted that the internal process of this perspective is related to the internal worldview of Nezami as a wise poet. Therefore, in sociology of characters in Khosrow and Shirin, there is a mediate as worldview between social realities and artistic creation of Nezami. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The mythology of romance "Khosrow and Shirin" in contemporary literary and artistic texts
Marzieh Golabgir Esfahani Zahra FanaeiMythological narratives and myths of names are influenced by the semantic pools in which they develop over time. Hence, a text has different meanings in different periods. Literary-artistic texts are better known and more appropriately decoded in the context of their fo MoreMythological narratives and myths of names are influenced by the semantic pools in which they develop over time. Hence, a text has different meanings in different periods. Literary-artistic texts are better known and more appropriately decoded in the context of their formation; This leads to a more complete understanding of the pattern governing the culture of each period. Khosrow and Shirin's romance has always been considered in different periods of Iran up to the contemporary period; It has been studied by many painters, poets and writers and is one of the most widely used myths in literary and artistic texts. The present study aims to identify the impact of contemporary factors; The time, culture of the society and the type of the creator's attitude towards presenting the narrative deal with the intertextual study and myth-mining of this narrative in different texts of the contemporary period. This research descriptively-analytically seeks the factors influencing contemporary works and how the artist uses them to answer the question: "Has he created sub-narratives?" The results show that developments, events, communications and changes in society have directly affected the creative thinking and have caused new sub-narratives in the romantic presentation of Khosrow and Shirin in contemporary Iranian art works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Analysis Domination of the Beloved Over Lovers in the Manzoomeh Khosrow and Shirin Nezami of based on the Sociological Perspective of Lukacs, Bourdieu and Adorno
Zahra Nourmohammadi Najafabadi Shahrzad Niazi, Mahboobeh KhorasaniThe poems of Khosrow and Shirin Hakim Nezami are among the famous Persian poems in the field of lyrical literature. The basis of the story is love. In this story, in which several loves are flowing, the position of the lover and the beloved is often shifting and fluctua MoreThe poems of Khosrow and Shirin Hakim Nezami are among the famous Persian poems in the field of lyrical literature. The basis of the story is love. In this story, in which several loves are flowing, the position of the lover and the beloved is often shifting and fluctuating. The course of the story becomes sometimes normal and sometimes unconventional. One of the unconventional actions is the domination of the lover over the beloved. It was expected that in proportion to the gravity and magnetic field of the beloved, the proportionality of domination would be exercised in favor of the beloved, but; Contrary to expectations, we are witnessing fluctuations and changes in the position of our domination. In an interdisciplinary study using descriptive-analytical sources, documents and library tools, this study examines the nature and reasons for the fluctuation of lover domination in these systems from a sociological perspective, based on the views of George Lukács, Pierre Bourdieu and Theodore Adorno. Because; Behavior is derived from the psyche. This study also approaches psychoanalytic critique. Findings show: hegemony of power, class bases, objects and mentalities of society and the poet; the fluctuation of domination has been in favor of the upper classes, and this dialectic has led to a military attitude and approach to the fluctuation of domination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Stone and Mountain in Mythology and in Nizami's "Khosro and Shirin"
Masoumeh Mahloujizadeh Mahabadi Hamid Reza Shayganfar Mehrangiz OwhadiIn Persian literature, the old rock is a symbol of impenetrability and hardness, and the mountain is a symbol of stability and endurance. The multifaceted nature of stone in culture and literature has both positive and negative aspects. It is also a factor of fertility MoreIn Persian literature, the old rock is a symbol of impenetrability and hardness, and the mountain is a symbol of stability and endurance. The multifaceted nature of stone in culture and literature has both positive and negative aspects. It is also a factor of fertility and destruction. This research aims to investigate the archetype of stone and mountain in mythology and in Nizami's "Khosro and Shirin" in an analytical-descriptive way and how the word "stone" is used. In this regard, examples are presented by examining the mythological roots of "Khosro and Shirin" Nizami. The main tool for collecting information is to get files from library sources. In this research, it was found that the words "stone" and "mountain" are frequently used in military works, especially "Khosro and Shirin". In many places in this story, the word "stone" is used in several key ways, both in the construction of literary arrays and in different parts of the story. Shabdiz's mysterious birth, sweet life in a stone building with the intrigue of Khosrow's palace women, Farhad's stonework to create a milky stream and bring him the desired drink, and digging a mountain for sweet love are among the things. Highlights of this story, which has a mythological aspect. Examining the presence of the main characters of this story is not complete without considering the rock and the mountain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - غیرت در منظومههای عاشقانه (ویس و رامین، خسرو و شیرین، لیلی و مجنون)
هادی عدالت پور -
Open Access Article
22 - سیر تحول شخصیت فرهاد در آثار مهمترین مقلدین نظامی
محمود بشیری نوشین استادمحمدی -
Open Access Article
23 - جلوۀ باورهای اساطیری آتش در خسرو و شیرین نظامی گنجوی
سعید خیرخواه -
Open Access Article
24 - سوسن و سیر (بررسی بیتی از خسرو و شیرین نظامی)
مهدی نوریان محمود عالیپور -
Open Access Article
25 - بنمایههای ملّیگرایی در مثنوی خسرو و شیرین نظامی گنجوی
محبوبه مسلمیزاده -
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26 - .
hadi khadivar fariba alipor -
Open Access Article
27 - .
fereshte naseri -
Open Access Article
28 - .The position of news and composition in transmission of educational ideas in Nizami’s "Khosrow and Shirin"
SeyedeMaryam Rozatiyan Farzane Amirpour Hosein AghahoseiniHakim Nezami is one the greatest poets of Persian literature that has paid attention to didactic thoughts in his works. In the most lyrical work; namely, Khosrow and Shirin he has frequently referred to moral and educational issues. Therefore, he has benefited from the MoreHakim Nezami is one the greatest poets of Persian literature that has paid attention to didactic thoughts in his works. In the most lyrical work; namely, Khosrow and Shirin he has frequently referred to moral and educational issues. Therefore, he has benefited from the means of rhetoric devices especially semantics effectively. This great poet by use of rhetoric devices and its appropriate tools like declarative, imperative, and interrogative sentences in an effective way has managed to convey moral concepts and teach them to his readers. Furthermore, in this way the role of readers become more dominant in the texts. The present paper tries to investigate this subject and its effect on conveying educational thoughts of poet in a lyrical text. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Analyzing the Behaviors of Nezami's Characters Khosrow and Shirin Based on Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
Simin Arami Ali Dehghan Zhyla Serati Hosein HajizadehNezami's Khosrow and Shirin is not composed to teach ethics; however, the ethics in the behavior of the characters of the lyrical stories of this work has unique features. morality finds a unique feature of characters' behaviors in his poems. Because in the dilemma of r MoreNezami's Khosrow and Shirin is not composed to teach ethics; however, the ethics in the behavior of the characters of the lyrical stories of this work has unique features. morality finds a unique feature of characters' behaviors in his poems. Because in the dilemma of relationships and sometimes beyond the rein of love, ethics and morality get stuck in unconventional situation. Nizami’s works have already been studied in terms of the ethics and morality. However, in this study, the ethical behavior of the characters of the poetic cycle and their morality is to be analyzed according to a scientific theory. Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development is one of the psychological and cognitive approaches to the ethics and morality and various studies have been done base upon this theory. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the behaviors of the characters of Khosrow and Shirin according to the moral stages of Lawrence Kohlberg. This approach has not already been used in Panj Ganj. According to the research results, regarding the behavior of characters, six group or six main ethical components were identified. Each of these components include various behaviors. Each behavior is due to specific motivation or logic which is also illustrated in Kohlberg’s theory Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The relationship between literature and ethics, an approach to Nezami Ganjei's works
eshagh Toghyani hafez hatamiIn this research, the attempt is to answer to a basic question about Nezami Ganjei's works and idealogy and political philosophy of the poet with regard to his five works.the question is" Are the stories of Nezami Ganjei ethical or anti-ethical?"In order to answer to th MoreIn this research, the attempt is to answer to a basic question about Nezami Ganjei's works and idealogy and political philosophy of the poet with regard to his five works.the question is" Are the stories of Nezami Ganjei ethical or anti-ethical?"In order to answer to this question other questins will arise such as following "what is the relationship between ethics and literature and generally speaking art?" Do we want art and literature spread ethics or ant-ethics in the society? Are ehics and literature separated? Afterwards, the lingual differences of Nezami in his long poems mostly Haft Peykar will help us solving the riddle.without a doubt, in this comparison, we come across with the obvious differences in the language of this great poet with abundenant frequency in such away that it can be called style change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The study of strengthening clusters of persuading and warning teachings in Khosrow and Shirin (With emphasis on the death cluster)
Mehdi DehramiPersian poets in order to represent their moral teachings as crucial, pervasive, and enforceable commands the y have to add various reinforces and performance guarantees to them. Therefore, the poets employed larger teachings to train small ones. As a result, we can ana MorePersian poets in order to represent their moral teachings as crucial, pervasive, and enforceable commands the y have to add various reinforces and performance guarantees to them. Therefore, the poets employed larger teachings to train small ones. As a result, we can analyze many teachings in the form of clusters instead of scattered and separate ones. The purpose of this paper is to study one of these clusters with emphasis on Khosrow and Shirin through descriptive exposition (content analysis). The position of this cluster in reinforcing of warning and persuading commands has been displayed. In order to do this, death has been selected as one of the main cluster which many secondary teachings included within its subset. Death is a reality that has interwoven many of warning teachings like self-praise, pride, laziness, boastful to one’s body strength etc. and persuading teaching like happy living, remembering God, retaining clean nature of human etc.… in Khosrow and Shirin. Generally, many of virtues and villainies whether directly or indirectly and punishing after this acciodent have been strengthened with the thought of death Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The Metamorphosis of Myths in Nizami Ganjavi's Khosrow and Shirin
Hasan ShāmyānAncient stories and folktales are one of the most appropriate contexts for the manifestation and continuation of the life of gods, goddesses and Amesha Spentan; they continue to live in different forms through metamorphosis. Khosrow and Shirin, composed by Nizami Ganjav MoreAncient stories and folktales are one of the most appropriate contexts for the manifestation and continuation of the life of gods, goddesses and Amesha Spentan; they continue to live in different forms through metamorphosis. Khosrow and Shirin, composed by Nizami Ganjavi, is a famous tragic romance which its main source is local narratives. The mythical figures and characters of ancient Iran are present in this book. By using descriptive-analytical and comparative method, the present research tries to examine the characters of Khosrow and Shirin including Hormizd, Khosrow Parviz, Mahin Banu, Shabdiz, Golgoon, Shirin and Shapour, and to compare them with Amesha Spentan including Vohu Manah, Asha Vahishta, Kshatra Vairya, Spenta Armaiti, Haurvatat, Ameretat, Anahita and the god of wind. The results show that the characters mentioned have much in common with Amesha Spentan. Also, the book provides a platform for the presence of the ancient Iranian gods, goddesses, and Amesha Spentan, and it should be considered more than just a collected lyric poetry. Manuscript profile -
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33 - انعکاس فرهنگ عامه در منظومه ی خسرو وشیرین نظامی به همراه شرح و توضیح و نقد و زیباشناسی نمونه ها
بتول محمدیان تراب جنگی قهرمان -
Open Access Article
34 - Studying the Mythological Elements in the Lyric Works of Amir Khosrow Dehlavi
Parisa Gholamzadeh Nikjou Ayyub Kooshan Rostam AmaniAbstract The mythological and epical elements have so rooted in the Persian literature that they have even been reflected in the lyric and mystical works. The existence of these elements In lyric poetry is the topic of our discussion in this essay. Our aim is to ex MoreAbstract The mythological and epical elements have so rooted in the Persian literature that they have even been reflected in the lyric and mystical works. The existence of these elements In lyric poetry is the topic of our discussion in this essay. Our aim is to excavate and explain the reflected mythological elements in Amir Khosrow Dehlavi's lyric works. We want to show those unstudied elements in his poetry. The background of this research are : the reflection of rites in Dehlavi's diwan studying the elements of public culture and the related miracle in it. The research has been done in descriptive-analytic method plus logical reasoning. The procedure is to find distiches linked with the title and their documentation and analyzing each of them. The total reasons attained are :mythological and epic elements in Persian lyric works which have been reflected in Dehlavi's poetry from which the most prolific reflected elements are the water of animal, Majnoon, Yoosef, Eskandar, Khezr prophet, Nowrooz ; and the least prolific ones are mythological and epical elements as Simorgh, Zal Zar, Yaghoob Rostam and Dara. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Analysis of the Archetype of Hero's Travel in the Story of Khosrow & Shirin from Nezami
Raheleh Abdollah Zadeh Mohammad RayhaniAbstract Campbell, the famous American mythologist, follows the internal excursion of man in a mold of mythological heroes, and by surveying those fables shows how this archetype retreats itself in a new mold to guide man to i MoreAbstract Campbell, the famous American mythologist, follows the internal excursion of man in a mold of mythological heroes, and by surveying those fables shows how this archetype retreats itself in a new mold to guide man to its internal travel and self-awareness. He considers the hero's mythical travel by a unique pattern of dispatch, arrival, and returning. We are to shoe, in this article, although Khosrow and Shirin is a historic story, has accomplished the three levels according to Campbell's ideas. Anushiravan promises the hero, in the dream, the marriage with Shirin, getting Shabdiz and the throne and Shapoor advises him to find them on the earth. By yhe encouragement of the messenger, Khosrow departs from Iran to meet Shirin who is the symbol of the anima in the heart of the hero ; and having passed through the negative trait of shade reaches his unconscious self and at the end of the story , the love affair of Shirooyeh to Shirin doesn't let him enter the human society. Finally, the hero is made to seclude in the fire-temple and his returning to the society becomes impossible. The archetype of sleep, shade, old savant, seducing woman, unseen helper, messenger, and symbols like horse, earring, sorcerer, lion, mountain, stone which have contributed the archetypal travel of the hero have all been resolved in this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Rhyme in " The Khosrow and Shirin " of Nezami
Azizeh Najafi Khodaverdi abbaszadehAbstract Rhyme comprises an important part of the poetic melody; by studying of it one can find a part of poetical art in it. The distinguished poets have always tried to choose the best rhyme regarding their rhythm and though MoreAbstract Rhyme comprises an important part of the poetic melody; by studying of it one can find a part of poetical art in it. The distinguished poets have always tried to choose the best rhyme regarding their rhythm and thought. In this paper, we've surveyed the rhyme in the versified story of Khosrow and Shirin from Nezami. It shows that Nezami was well-aware of rhyming scheme and by studying its values he has composed The Khosrow and Shirin. The rhymes are often short, mono-syllabic, and simple indicating the lyric thought of the poet; nominal and verbal terms have come with frequency close to each other. The ordinary deficiency of rhyme is seen in its structure which the poet has used it according to the style of the time and what was current in the literature but the creativity and skillfulness which Nezami had in rhyming scheme and the combination of rhyme with row has diminished the deficiency of the rhyme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Love and its true wayfarers' Feature in the Lyrical Poems of Khosrow Shirin and Leila Majnoon of Nezami
Ali rezaei Hamzeh Kandi Aziz Hojjaji Kahjoogh Arash MoshfaghiAbstract The essence of love is current in the text and center of all particles of the universe. Basically, the foundation of creation is based on love and has reached the plains of existence and objectivity. Love is the Divin MoreAbstract The essence of love is current in the text and center of all particles of the universe. Basically, the foundation of creation is based on love and has reached the plains of existence and objectivity. Love is the Divine endowment which has been put in the human's heart since creation and it is a heaven trust which the men of love wayfarers have taken responsibility to carry it and bowed his head against His Glory as emphasized in the Divine revelation. Hakim Nezami Ganjavi of the sixth century poets in the literary domain of Azarbaijan with a symbolic expression in the mold of convivial stories at the same time mystical ones, has alluded excellent points to necessities and exquisite mystical excursion in the expression of some heroes such as khosrow Shirin and Leila Majnoon and developed the virtual love as a bridge to the true and mystical love. He introduces Farhad, leili and Majnoon who seek divine love as the true heroes of the field of love. This article deals with the two love poetry of Nezami. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The very last dialogues of lovers in Persian romantic verses
Neda HaddadiPersian romantic verses as texts composed over the centuries have common characteristics which upon their structural analysis one can analyze their inter-textual connections. Attempt is made in this article to describe the farewell scenes of lovers in MorePersian romantic verses as texts composed over the centuries have common characteristics which upon their structural analysis one can analyze their inter-textual connections. Attempt is made in this article to describe the farewell scenes of lovers in order to arrive at their common converse in these texts, since the main theme is love and this fundamental feature confers a mutual function to the lovers’ death. According to the inter textual theory, the texts with common theme in different historical periods are interconnected and their images, descriptions and their poetic thoughts are emanated from a common language even if at first they seem distinct. This common language provides the logic and the basis of the colloquy and living in such circumstances. In other words the language of love necessitates that farewell scenes have common language and ambiance although differences arise in accordance with the story and the relationship between the lover and the beloved. In one place, after the death of his beloved, the lover stands by her grave and weeps till his own death. And in other place, he opens his chest with a dagger. It is such that in studying the farewell scenes one arrives at the subject of synchronic death of the lovers. The focal point in these verses is the bitterness and the dilemma of separation which the lovers cannot tolerate and shortly after the other say farewell to life and end the dialogue of love. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The comparison of Khosrow and shirin composed by Ferdowsi and Nezami
Masoud PakdelThe story of Khosrow and Shirin is told in two different metrical romances. The composer of the one is an epic poet, a commander in battle fields, and the composer of the other is the cupbearer in feasts. Ferdowsi, however has shown remarkable skill in combi MoreThe story of Khosrow and Shirin is told in two different metrical romances. The composer of the one is an epic poet, a commander in battle fields, and the composer of the other is the cupbearer in feasts. Ferdowsi, however has shown remarkable skill in combining the love story with the epic story. Nezami is a storyteller and has experience in love and with utmost mastery he has portrayed this detailed romantic verse. The summary of both romantic stories is presented then their common features and points of differences are illustrated. Using Tarikh Tabari as an old reliable source, the historical accounts in the two versions are evaluated to show to what extent the composers were true to the actual historical events. Further difference may be sought in their narrative styles. Manuscript profile
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