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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating Omission of Macro-Structures and Rhetorical Patterns in Media Translation: Offering Solutions
Sajjad FarokhipourRhetorical conventions and genre features are among those formal and structural elements in world wide language systems which play a critical role in creating meaning and transfer of communicative message. Unfamiliarity of the translators of texts with specific purpose MoreRhetorical conventions and genre features are among those formal and structural elements in world wide language systems which play a critical role in creating meaning and transfer of communicative message. Unfamiliarity of the translators of texts with specific purpose result in ignoring these conventions and features in target text which brings about a deficient translation. One of those professional settings in which this failure shows itself is journalism and media. Therefore the current research was an attempt to investigate different dimensions of this failure by genre analysis of a sample of media corpus translated by Iranians in Mehr News Agency. To this aim,the researcher adopted the Swalsian model of genre analysis (1990) and that of Halliday (1997). The findings submitted proofs on this deficiency and failure in translation.The results showed that some rhetorical conventions and Macro-structures of source text which carry function of the texts are missed in the in the translated texts in the target language.For the same reason,the researcher has employed theoretical and practical foundations of translation and those of second and foreign language teaching to offer approaches and solutions to this problem. These findings have implications for language teachers and learners, news translators, journalist and those who are involved in curriculum development of English for specific purposes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Utilize the Concept of Urban Breathing Spaces in Neighborhoods with Emphasis on the Environmental Dimension (Case s tudy: Comparative Comparison of Bolaghi Neighborhood and Janbazan Neighborhood in Qazvin City)
Rana Shirmohammadianzade Seyed Mohammadreza KhatibiThe lack of breathing space in neighborhoods, due to the congestion caused by the increasing urbanization of cities, has necessitated the use of new approaches to address this shortage. Therefore, this study aims to utilize the concept of breathing spaces that are small MoreThe lack of breathing space in neighborhoods, due to the congestion caused by the increasing urbanization of cities, has necessitated the use of new approaches to address this shortage. Therefore, this study aims to utilize the concept of breathing spaces that are small and open-green spaces in compact cities texture with an emphasis on the environmental dimension. In this study, the criteria for the creation of breathing spaces in different fabrics and their effects on the quality of life of the neighborhoods are determined by using the consensus of experts and the Delphi method and then ranked by the AHP method. Finally, the criteria studied in two neighborhoods with different characteristics. It concluded, the criteria obtained from the research have a direct effect on the quality of life criteria in the neighborhoods. This is because of the nature of these spaces, their implementation in compact fabrics and rehabilitation's need and renovation is more applicable by adopting appropriate policies.In this paper, based on the mentioned methods, four criteria and eight sub-criteria were selected to achieve the research goal and to answer this challenge and then ranked by using the AHP method. According to the results, the criteria were prioritized into four sections. 1. Land use with vegetation criterion has two sub-criteria: greenspaces and green levels. 2. Wastelands and open spaces criterion have two sub-criteria: natural and human production. 3. Environmental criterion has two sub-criteria: Biological and physical. 4. Localscale criterion has two sub-criteria: socio-cultural and functional-operational. Sub-criteria were prioritized: greenspace, natural of open space, green levels, and biological characteristics of the environment, human production of open space, socio-cultural characteristics of the local scale, physical characteristics of the environment and functional-operational characteristics of the local scale. Then, to better understand the subject under study and to evaluate the criteria obtained from different research methods, selected two neighborhoods of Qazvin city as samples of this research. One of them is Bolaghi, which is the old neighborhood. Another is the new one that called Janbazan. They were compared by matching. Finally, the criteria were studied in two neighborhoods with different characteristics historical and modern neighborhoods. The results of the survey of the neighborhoods based on the criteria and sub-criteria indicate that none of them has enough open spaces and wastelands and land use with vegetation. Regarding environmental criteria, it can be said that the physical sub-criterion of Janbazan neighborhood is better than the Bolaghi neighborhood because the fabric of the Janbazan neighborhood is planned. In general, little attention has been paid to this criterion and its sub-criteria in both neighborhoods. The only difference between the two neighborhoods is the social-cultural aspect at the local scale criterion. This is because the original inhabitants of the Bolaghi neighborhood have a greater sense of belonging and social interaction than the Janbazan neighborhood. Therefore, it is necessary to create breathing spaces in these neighborhoods to improve their qualification. Furthermore, these spaces are effective in reducing a variety of contaminants and natural hazards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Assessing of Green Tax Sustainability Based on Obstacles to Implementing the Tax Administration's Notification Policy
Maha Taheri Gholamreza Memarzade Tehran Morteza Moosa KhaniBackground and Objective: One of the important issues in the tax administration is the lack of acceptable performance and defined goals for notification policies. The purpose of this research is Assessing of Green Tax Sustainability Based on Obstacles to Implementing th MoreBackground and Objective: One of the important issues in the tax administration is the lack of acceptable performance and defined goals for notification policies. The purpose of this research is Assessing of Green Tax Sustainability Based on Obstacles to Implementing the Tax Administration's Notification Policy. Material and Methodology: This research is developmental in terms of methodology and is combined in terms of data collection type. In this study, in the qualitative part, based on meta-analysis processes, an attempt was made to first identify researches related to the two concepts of barriers to the Implementing the Tax Administration's Notification Policy and the consequences of green tax sustainability, and then to determine the components and themes of the research based on critical evaluation scale. Also in the qualitative part, Delphi analysis was used to determine the extent of theoretical consensus. In a Quantitative part, were used intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs). Findings: The results showed that structural barrier is considered as the most effective theme of barriers to the implementation of notification policies which can interfere with the sustainability of the consequences of green tax sustainability. Discussion and Conclusion: The result shows that the obstacles to the implementation of the notification policies of the Tax Administration neutralize environmental pollution as the most important consequence of green tax sustainability, and this issue makes the consequences of green tax sustainability practically not have the necessary impact on the economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A comparative study of the rhetorical techniques of Arab Shia poets in the first Abbasid era with the first Persian-speaking Shia poets.
Muhaddatha Sadat Mir Hosseini Seyyed Babak Farzaneh Mahmoud ShakibShiite poetry is committed and has a mission, which has had various topics and structures in all periods. The first Abbasid era, which is the era of development and growth of Arab literature, was a fruitful era of Shia poetry and Shia poets. The Shiite poets of the firs MoreShiite poetry is committed and has a mission, which has had various topics and structures in all periods. The first Abbasid era, which is the era of development and growth of Arab literature, was a fruitful era of Shia poetry and Shia poets. The Shiite poets of the first Abbasid era tried to place their poetry in the service of spreading religious concepts and explaining the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) and defending them, and in order to achieve this goal, they tried to express their poetic gems by using artistic techniques and techniques. To expose literature in particular and in general. This research, which was carried out with a descriptive-comparative method and based on library studies, aims to compare the most important rhetorical techniques in the poetry of Seyyed Hemyari and Dick Al-Jen as representatives of the Shia poets of the first period of the Abbasid era and compare it with the techniques As the first Persian-speaking Shia poets, Kasei Marvzi revealed how the themes and titles attributed to Ahl al-Bayt (pbuh) appeared in their poetry. The results obtained from the research indicate that these poets have used imagery and techniques such as simile, metaphor, and irony to convey the themes and concepts attributed to Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH). Also, Sovare Khiyal is more prominent in the poems of Arab poets and their innovations are more than the Shiite poems of Kasei Marvzi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A comparative study of rhetoric language in Persian and Arabic Languages
Houshmand EsfandyarpourThe present article is a comparative study of the science of rhetoric in Persian and Arabic languages since their emergence up to the present time. This study reviews the way scholars looked at the science of rhetoric at different times separately in Persian & Arabi MoreThe present article is a comparative study of the science of rhetoric in Persian and Arabic languages since their emergence up to the present time. This study reviews the way scholars looked at the science of rhetoric at different times separately in Persian & Arabic. The views of the important masters of rhetoric are also mentioned. The study concludes that the Persian rhetoric masters were under the influence of their Arab counterparts concerning the use of Arabic figures of speech. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Rhetoric Aesthetic Criticism by a Comparative Approach on Arabic & Persian Eloquence
Habibollah Jadidol Eslami Hamideh Jamal ZahiThe common aspects which have existed between Iranians and Persians in different fields such as poetry, literature and music – and more important the religious language and the connection made by Islam between them – caused a wide relation, interaction and m MoreThe common aspects which have existed between Iranians and Persians in different fields such as poetry, literature and music – and more important the religious language and the connection made by Islam between them – caused a wide relation, interaction and mutual effects. One of the manifestations of the mutual effect in Islamic culture is undoubtedly in the field of eloquence or better to say Persian and Arabic aesthetics. Thus this paper intends to express some of these literary effects and affects from aesthetic criticism point of view and then study them comparatively. Accordingly, some vague and challenging common expressions such as allegory, simile and etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Methodological Study of "Natayej Al Fitna" by Ibn Habbariyah
Hamila Charang Yaber DalfiMethodology is a useful tool to know and recognize a work's literary identity. Level methodology which is one of the modern methodology's types, studies and analyzez text's criteria from word choice and phrase structure and morphological view point. This research intend MoreMethodology is a useful tool to know and recognize a work's literary identity. Level methodology which is one of the modern methodology's types, studies and analyzez text's criteria from word choice and phrase structure and morphological view point. This research intends to study Natayej Al Fitna" poetries from methodological point of view and survey the vocal, syntactic, rhetorical level and find the relationship with the poet's theme such as emotions, ideas, dreams and goals. The method of the research is analytical – descriptive and studies lingual and rhetorical levels based on the question: how a successful theme can cause continuance and order in various parts of an educational poem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Influence of the Arabic Language on Fifth Century's Poetries
Ibrahim FallahLanguage and literature express the identity, originality and personality of a nation. The connection and influence between Persian and Arabic language and literature has always been reciprocal. The influence of Arabic on Persian dates back to afore the advent MoreLanguage and literature express the identity, originality and personality of a nation. The connection and influence between Persian and Arabic language and literature has always been reciprocal. The influence of Arabic on Persian dates back to afore the advent of Islam. However, by manifestation of Islam, the mentioned influence spread in Iranian thought and culture, but the fifth century which is one of the brilliant centuries of the Islamic period, the influence of Qur'an and Arabic on Persian poetry is more visible than previous periods. Since Arabic literature enriches Persian language and literature, its influence has been in various fields including words, phrases, imagination, thought, and style. As Arabic is the language of Qur'an and sacred texts, Iranians and Persian literature paid special attention to it and were greatly influenced by it. The present research entitled "The Influence of the Arabic Language on Fifth Century's Poetries" seeks to study and analyze the impact of Arabic language on fifth-century poetry as well as to examine the influential genres. The results show that the types of influence of Arabic language on fifth century's poems include applying Arabic words and phrases, contents of Arabic concepts translated into Arabic verses, rhetorical figures of speech such as quotation and simile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Process of Problems on Rhetorical, Phonetic and Practical Phenomena in the Translation of the Holy Quran
sohrab jenoor M.H. Masomi Nadeali Ashoori TalokiThe rhetorical and phonetic phenomena of the fundamental structures in the literary context are considered to be one of the most important linguistic, unique and distinctive artistic mechanisms in the Holy Quran. The translator of the Holy Qur'an, though skilled in the MoreThe rhetorical and phonetic phenomena of the fundamental structures in the literary context are considered to be one of the most important linguistic, unique and distinctive artistic mechanisms in the Holy Quran. The translator of the Holy Qur'an, though skilled in the work, sometimes relies on the transmission of rhetorical and phonetic imagery in many cases. This is actually to arrange the meaning and meaning of the sentence, as the link between the image and the concept is incomplete due to the loop. In this study, the authors have attempted to convey this problem to the play by citing examples of these rhetorical and phonetic phenomena embodied in many Qur'anic verses, a problem that does not overshadow the nature of translation. So we present some of the solutions we've come up with, as well as familiarizing ourselves with some of the possible alternatives to it, using the experts' experience in translation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Surah Motafin's stylistics based on three phonetic, hybrid and rhetorical levels
seyedmajid nabavi somayeh Azaddel mahsa ghorbaniIt is a scientific stylistics that, by examining the descriptions and analysis, reaches the literary aspects of a text and convey the meanings and concepts of a literary text to the reader clearly. The Holy Qur'an, a divine miracle, has attracted the attention of stylis MoreIt is a scientific stylistics that, by examining the descriptions and analysis, reaches the literary aspects of a text and convey the meanings and concepts of a literary text to the reader clearly. The Holy Qur'an, a divine miracle, has attracted the attention of stylists as a literary text, especially in recent years. This article seeks to examine Surah Motafin in three phonetic, hybrid and rhetorical levels by using a descriptive-analytical method and using stylist knowledge to exist in the literary and semantic aspects of Surah. In Surat al -Mutafin at the phonetic level, by applying a rhetoric, the surah and the audience attracts the audience. At the combination level, using sentences such as presenting and delays, the line of beliefs and beliefs draws the polytheists. At the rhetorical level, it also points to the use of God's ownership and that everything is in the permission of God.At the combination level, using sentences such as presenting and delays, the line of beliefs and beliefs draws the polytheists. At the rhetorical level, it also points to the use of God's ownership and that everything is in the permission of God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Semantic dimensions of the Syntactic-rhetorical roles of the word hereafter in the Holy Quran
Zahra JaliliThe Hereafter has been repeated one hundred and thirteen times in the Holy Quran.And communicates a Divine message in different syntactic roles like a subject, predicate, adjective, object, etc.And paying attention to these different combinations has a significant effec MoreThe Hereafter has been repeated one hundred and thirteen times in the Holy Quran.And communicates a Divine message in different syntactic roles like a subject, predicate, adjective, object, etc.And paying attention to these different combinations has a significant effect on the meanings derived from the verses.The main question of this article is what attention to morphological is and syntactic issues change the meaning of the Hereafter.Our method to answer this question is a descriptive-analytical method based on library resources. First, some verses in which the word of the Hereafter is mentioned are extracted, and then, according to the relevant interpretations and books, its semantic changes are examined.The purpose of this study was to become more familiar with the word hereafter in the divine word.Among the most important results of the research, we can mention some points. Instability has been explained by the present verb and stability has been described by the nominal sentences.The verses that the wise man intends to rule on the Hereafter and emphasize on it, the Hereafter comes from the beginning because the beginning is condemned against and in the verses where the allocation of the Hereafter is desired, it is given as the beginning of the latter to indicate the allocation.The Hereafter is in its additional role, to show the meanings of property and capacity, and honor and these meanings are not expressed with a descriptive role.The Hereafter in the passive role binds the news and therefore increases the usefulness of the word.The appearance of ... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Critique of the Translation of Al-Waqi'ah Surah (Case study: translation of Abolfazl Bahrampour)
Zahra Samadi Masoud BavanpouriHoly Quran has been translated into various languages and the level of ability of its translators in understanding the Quran, precepting it in the target language or both, as well as familiarity with the knowledge of linguistics and translation has varied. Abolfazl Ba MoreHoly Quran has been translated into various languages and the level of ability of its translators in understanding the Quran, precepting it in the target language or both, as well as familiarity with the knowledge of linguistics and translation has varied. Abolfazl Bahrampour is one of these translators who has had a great ability in understanding and translating the text of the Holy Quran in his translation. Of course, he also had weaknesses that the present article, after stating the general features of Al-Waqi'ah Surah, studies the translation of Abolfazl Bahrampour in various rhetorical purposes; First, he deals with the rhetorical features such as simile, metaphor, irony, emphasis, attention, etc. in the verses of Al-Waqi'ah Surah, and then he compares those rhetorical intentions with Bahrampour's translation. Some omissions of translations are due to the precise and complex structure of the Qur'anic language, which has made translators prefer one translation over another, but some slips are also due to weakness in the structure of the word or its morphological, syntactic and rhetorical style; Some (translators) also undertook interpretive translation and elaborated without separating the original word from the interpretive margins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A study on Rhetorical Educational Fineness of Maedeh's 32 Verse in Preventing Murder
Amir Hamzeh Salarzayi Zahra Beig ZadehPhysically safety of human being has always been paid attention by mankind, thus hard torture and unchangeable punishment for murderers and the violators to human bodies. Islam – which is last and the most complete religion – has been sent for human being in MorePhysically safety of human being has always been paid attention by mankind, thus hard torture and unchangeable punishment for murderers and the violators to human bodies. Islam – which is last and the most complete religion – has been sent for human being in order to guide and create him a safe, calm and justly and frequently emphasized it. For instance 32 verse of Maedeh Surah obviously points the murder and its punishment: Nemesis. The present article studies the rhetorical fineness of 32 verse of Maedeh surah which is about preventing murder. There is no footprint of any religions for the murderer or the murdered. The punishment is the same for all religions; Muslim or non – Muslim. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Quran, Appearance and Growth of the Rhetoric science
Zahra Soleymani mahdi momtahenA reflection on Arabic prose and poetical literary works, reflects sometimes their creators in the role of sorcerers that were masterly charming the hearts, sealing the lips, astonishing the wisdom, and changing the state of the pioneers of the word and litera MoreA reflection on Arabic prose and poetical literary works, reflects sometimes their creators in the role of sorcerers that were masterly charming the hearts, sealing the lips, astonishing the wisdom, and changing the state of the pioneers of the word and literature; but this full patterned arena has lost its patience by the appearance of the Quran, and has borne a new experience of charm and aesthetics thanks to word of God and maybe the sealed secret of the kind prophet’s emphasis upon the focus on the word as the ideology of his miracle can be followed in this same subject. As in many cases, he –peace be upon him and his family- boasted about the miracle of the word of revelation under dissenters’ eyes, and intended to challenge them in Arab people’s tongue in the shelter of God’s eloquent words, and to crush their throne of arrogance by the stone of verbal miracle of the Quran. And the result of this confrontation and invitation to challenge was the emersion of the admirable corollary that is mentioned now as “rhetoric”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - A Semantic Study of Optative Style in the Holy Quran
Marzieh Kohandel Jahromi Mahmood Abdanan MahdezadeOne of the Holy Quran’s supremacies in eloquence and its flawless language is that it has a special manner of expressing different subjects, and since the Holy Quran has been revealed in a literary language, it expresses its extraordinary messages in the most beau MoreOne of the Holy Quran’s supremacies in eloquence and its flawless language is that it has a special manner of expressing different subjects, and since the Holy Quran has been revealed in a literary language, it expresses its extraordinary messages in the most beautiful and artistic style. One of these styles or methods is the optative style .The present article attempts to cite and study the verses displaying the use of the optative style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The concepts of Quranic Metaphors and The Persian Translations criticism
Hassan Rezaee Haftador Majid Ma’aref Somayeh Barzin Tahereh HeidariThe results of the present research prove that the metaphoric translation is the best translation for metaphoric interpretations. Otherwise the literal translation should be done and the word to word translation should be avoided. The fluency and dominance of the transl MoreThe results of the present research prove that the metaphoric translation is the best translation for metaphoric interpretations. Otherwise the literal translation should be done and the word to word translation should be avoided. The fluency and dominance of the translator is an inevitable factor. By the present research it would be clarified that emphasizing Allah’s Greatness, the audience awareness, words beautification, politeness and avoiding impolite words are of the most important rhetoric secrets of Quran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - DELffiERATION OF ALLAl\1EH MAJLISI'S LITERARY ARGUMENT ON REJECTING NARRATIONS OF ALTERATION
Zeynab RoostaieOne of the miraculous aspects of Quran which has attracted minds and many books have been written about is it's literary rendering. It is the aspect of the holy Quran which could be used to emphasis that Quran could not be altered; as the great interpreter of Quran Alla MoreOne of the miraculous aspects of Quran which has attracted minds and many books have been written about is it's literary rendering. It is the aspect of the holy Quran which could be used to emphasis that Quran could not be altered; as the great interpreter of Quran AllamehBelaghi has referred to this literariness ofQuran to reject Quran being altered. The present article studies the literary reasoning of AllmehBelaghi to reject Quran Alteration. After introduction AllmehBelaghi's views are studied and then the main body is stated in 6 parts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - A study on Semantic development in Holy Quran
Farhad Abdollah Zadeh Foad Abdollah ZadehTerms and meanings have inseparable relation with each other in Holy Quran; this tight relationship creates high capacity in semantic development. Holy Quran has chosen easy and abstainer patterns which include complete meanings while having attractive and deep appearan MoreTerms and meanings have inseparable relation with each other in Holy Quran; this tight relationship creates high capacity in semantic development. Holy Quran has chosen easy and abstainer patterns which include complete meanings while having attractive and deep appearance in a way that a single term or a phrase containing clear appearance can be interpreted differently and various. The goal of the present paper is to express various meanings of lexical and semantic factors which cause creation or development of meanings in terms and phrases in descriptive – analytical method and by applying Holy Quran's Verses. One of the outcomes of the research is that Holy Quran applies various morphological and rhetorical rules and methods which conduces semantic development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Contrasting Ease and Difficulty in Holy Quran
Mohammad Ali Kazemi Tabar Hossein Bazoodar Ghavithe aim of the present study is to study the semantics of the contrast between the words Ease and Difficulty in the Holy Quran; Because in addition to vocabulary sources, one of the best ways to know the meaning of words is to apply them semantically opposed to each oth Morethe aim of the present study is to study the semantics of the contrast between the words Ease and Difficulty in the Holy Quran; Because in addition to vocabulary sources, one of the best ways to know the meaning of words is to apply them semantically opposed to each other. Another way is to use the context of the verses before and after. Sometimes, from the context or meaning of the opposite word, meanings of a word are understood that are not found in any dictionary. At the same time, there is a semantic similarity between the understood meaning and the root principle of the word. The more we understand the meanings of the verses, the more we will enjoy the meanings of the verses of the Qur'an and the better we will benefit from the verses of God in our material and spiritual life. One of the most important results of this research is to realize the semantic beauties of Quranic verses along with more accurate knowledge of the meaning of these two words, familiarity with the two methods and their use, and that whenever God first mentions Yasir and then expresses difficulty, it is a kind of warning. Has given and whenever difficulty has preceded ease, it has promised and hoped that the difficulty will be removed and the opening will be achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Literary Criticism: Preference and Comparison
Meysam TaromDue to the existence of different criticism criteria in different eras, the critics have applied different and sometimes opposing methods in literary criticism. The present article studies the popular methods of literary criticism and the evolution of one special method MoreDue to the existence of different criticism criteria in different eras, the critics have applied different and sometimes opposing methods in literary criticism. The present article studies the popular methods of literary criticism and the evolution of one special method which has been called preference in some era and comparison in some other era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Viewes studing in creative and indicative sentences on thescholar of usul al-fikh
Abdol Jabbar ZarkooshiConection to creative and indicative sentences have abstracted to four view:first view;conventional of creative for complete batrelation.second view;both sentens have asimilar sense.thired view;conventional of both sentences are for appear of sensual affair.fourth view; MoreConection to creative and indicative sentences have abstracted to four view:first view;conventional of creative for complete batrelation.second view;both sentens have asimilar sense.thired view;conventional of both sentences are for appear of sensual affair.fourth view;to hold true batrelation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Discourse Stylistics of a Ghazal by Saadi (Focusing on Two Lexical and Rhetoric Layer Analysis)
sadina amini farhad tahmasbi Sareh ZirakThe discourse stylistics is created from combination of two layer stylistics and discourse analysis and analyzes the literary works stylistics from discourse analysis perspective; this method emphasizes on the situational texture (external) and its interaction to the te MoreThe discourse stylistics is created from combination of two layer stylistics and discourse analysis and analyzes the literary works stylistics from discourse analysis perspective; this method emphasizes on the situational texture (external) and its interaction to the text texture (internal). The common and dominant macro discourses of Saadi age include the religious –mystical institution discourse and governing-political institution discourse and public/peasant institution discourse. The main question of this research is that how these discourses have affected the romantic discourses that are dominant discourse in the Saadi’s Ghazals and created a romantic process discourse. The results of research indicate that the dominant discourses have been reproduced through discourse interaction and contrast in the visage of main characters of Saadi’s Ghazal, means the lover and beloved and the relations between religious-mystical and governing-political institutions as powerful and discourse making institutions from one side and public/peasant dominated and receptor institution on the other side have been displayed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Validity and Reliability of an Advertising Literacy Questionnaire from the Viewpoints of an Audience using Social Approach
Hamid Ghasemi Nazanin Rasekh Vali NarimanifarValidity and Reliability of an Advertising Literacy Questionnaire from the Viewpoints of an Audience using Social ApproachObjective:The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of an advertising literacy questionnaire from the viewpoint of high sc MoreValidity and Reliability of an Advertising Literacy Questionnaire from the Viewpoints of an Audience using Social ApproachObjective:The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of an advertising literacy questionnaire from the viewpoint of high school physical education teachers as the audience in the city of Drood.Methodology:The research method is applied in terms of purpose and employs a quantitative strategy and uses a descriptive procedure based on the structural equation method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the K-12 and high school first and second grade teachers of Drood, Lorestan Province (N = 200). In addition, it should be noted that the total population method of sampling was conducted. The measurement instrument is Malmelin’s (2010) Advertising Literacy Questionnaire, which was appraised for validity in the Iranian society. Descriptive indices and statistical tests were used to analyze the data, while the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability were used to determine reliability and convergent/divergent validity, and lastly the confirmatory factor analysis was performed to determine construct validity.Results:The results of this study showed a desirable fitting of the dimensions of the advertising literacy model from the viewpoints of the audience, such that in terms of construct validity and significance levels, all items had a significant relationship with the factors and were able to serve as good predictive factors. Furthermore, it was found that based on the Cronbach's alpha values and combined reliability, the questionnaire components had acceptable reliabilityConclusion: As a result of this confirmation in the present study, we can conclude that this questionnaire can be used to examine the state, order and priority of its items according to the customers. Finally, teachers as social contacts would be able to develop Sport advertising plans and evaluate their effectiveness based on obtained results. Keywords: Physical Education teachers, information literacy, visual literacy in the arts, rhetorical literacy, advertising literacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The aspects eloquence saibs ghazels
mohammadvali mardaniThe whole universe is germinated by a primary being that is the origin of the unity of existence. This axiom is a principal belief in Sufism vision of life. This primary being is incarnated in a vast array of abstractions and revelations; thus; the Holistic vision of Su MoreThe whole universe is germinated by a primary being that is the origin of the unity of existence. This axiom is a principal belief in Sufism vision of life. This primary being is incarnated in a vast array of abstractions and revelations; thus; the Holistic vision of Sufis enables them to discover the primary being as origin of unity of existence through its various manifestations. The Sufis has embarked on a spiritual journey towards an epistemological knowledge of the unity of existence. Saib’s poetry is the story of such a pilgrimage. The present study aimed at investigating Saib’s vision of unity of existence. This data collection in this analytic-descriptive study is done through library research. The findings of the study showed that Saib, holding a vision akin to that of Holistic Sufis, believes in the unity of existence and tries to discover the primary being through pondering on its revelations and embodiments in the Universe. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Functions and rhetorical developments of the "color" element in the transition from Persian poetry styles
sorayya azarbera thorollah noroozi mohammadreza shad manamen reza mostafaviAnalysis and detection of stylistic elements can only be achieved by detailing the frequency of exit from the soft language. This detail requires an examination of the literary, linguistic, and intellectual details of a literary text. The element of color is one of the MoreAnalysis and detection of stylistic elements can only be achieved by detailing the frequency of exit from the soft language. This detail requires an examination of the literary, linguistic, and intellectual details of a literary text. The element of color is one of the cases in which the quality of its rhetorical and semantic use varies in different literary styles and periods. By examining the functions and rhetorical developments of this pictorial element, a stylistic metamorphosis can be shown. Since stylistic developments are not very accurate and possible except by considering a wide range, so by considering five styles of Persian poetry and three prominent poets from each style, the subject has been addressed. The results show that in Khorasani style, descriptive compounds resulting from colors are in sensory matters and often with elements of nature. The predominant tricks in this style are the use of metaphor. in the Seljuk style, the frequency of abstract compounds is higher and the functions of irony, allegory and symbolism are higher in the field of mysticism and social issues (with the emergence of Sanai). In the Azerbaijani style, the rhetorical and expressive industries reach their peak, and the color "bleu" becomes a means of creating ambiguity, metaphor and irony with high frequency. In this style, “haft peykar” has a special place because it also uses the symbolism of myth (in colors). in the Iraqi style, too, most sensory combinations are used to explain mental concepts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Rhetorical question and its secondary purposes in Kassab Kashani's poems
Elham gholamkelisan Mehrdad Chatraei Morteza RashidiOne of the tools influencing the audience is using the power of words to convey secondary meanings, and this issue is well seen in the secondary meanings of interrogatives. Due to the necessity and necessity of the topic, the poet raises news, orders and prohibitions in MoreOne of the tools influencing the audience is using the power of words to convey secondary meanings, and this issue is well seen in the secondary meanings of interrogatives. Due to the necessity and necessity of the topic, the poet raises news, orders and prohibitions in the form of questions, because the effect of the sentences of news or orders and prohibitions in the form of interrogatives is much greater on the listener than in the form of news or orders and prohibitions. Is; The poet expresses his meaning in the form and construction of questions in order to make the reader or listener to think faster and better, or to prevent him or to arouse his emotions. Literary questions in sentences often have no answer and are used to achieve various rhetorical functions. In this research, the author is trying to investigate the rhetorical question in Kassab Kashani's poems with descriptive-analytical method and library tools and to answer the question that what are the most implied meanings of questioning used in Kassab Kashani's poetry? The results of the research indicate that most of the questions in Kassab Kashani's poetry include the implicit meaning of helplessness and expressing despair, and Kassab has used all the linguistic tricks and abilities in the structure of semantics in his poem and embellished his speech in a way. Is. The optimal use of the science of meanings has made his words lasting and influential and heartwarming. Manuscript profile -
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27 - Role of Rhetoric in Translation (With emphasis on Persian and Arabic)
Mohamad Hasaan TaghiehA successful interpreter not only of a valve and the source language to the target language translation of the text Sahtar. The implementation and application of the rules of grammar and lexical transfers alone can not be the criterion and basis. Because of other factor MoreA successful interpreter not only of a valve and the source language to the target language translation of the text Sahtar. The implementation and application of the rules of grammar and lexical transfers alone can not be the criterion and basis. Because of other factors plays out within the text should not be ignored in translation. So well we can not translate well and methodically built on a foundation But the structure of the various factors that combine to form the framework and structure of the translation. Translator in the Ylaghy a few literary figures of concepts and imagery figure faces. The transition point in the translation process and framework of rhetoric more difficult than other structures. Translator though high ability in the creation of translation, the target language is quite unique, but the audience would not be able to provide the literary world for his original audience. Of course, this means abandoning the art of literary translation is not pulling out and had taken action. But should the interpreter try to reduce the gap between the two languages and the important audience it can be done. Manuscript profile -
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28 - The trena of Development Persian eloquence books from part to present
behiyeh ahmadi bid goli mohammad reza ghariIllusion is a poetic techning but the most. mysterious and the most beautiful one used by skilled poets to articulate the most artistic songs poets have employed this method to produce&n MoreIllusion is a poetic techning but the most. mysterious and the most beautiful one used by skilled poets to articulate the most artistic songs poets have employed this method to produce complicated and obscure and as aresult wonderful and mindful words. Illusion is very important in Arabic and Persian rhetorics and has remarkable aesthetic value. In most Persian and Arabic rhetoric books Illusion is defined as using a word that has two meaning one of them is direct and clos to the mind and the other one is remote and strange to the mind the reader at first glance thinks that the near meaning is needed but with a littie thought understands that the other meaning is intended by the writher. Here we want to speak about the historical development of this techning in rhetoric books. In addition to the various technigues employed by the previous poets , some new methods invented by the contemporary poets will be explained in this research. Manuscript profile -
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29 - بررسی جنبههای رتوریک و زیباییشناسی شعر فروغ فرخزاد
محمدرضا قاری کامین عالیپور -
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30 - زیباییشناسی ساختار تشبیهدر اشعار محمدعلی بهمنی
ali reza nabilu saeid rafiee -
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31 - تحلیل سبک شناسی لایه ای اشعار سلمان هراتی
اکرم جهانگیریان منیژه فلاحی -
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32 - کارکردهای گفتمانی سؤالات بلاغی در اشعار نیما یوشیج
پروین گلی نژاد سید فضل الله رضویپور نرگس اسکویی -
Open Access Article
33 - Eloquent and Aesthetical value of "Adjective"
ahmad hoseyn poor sar'karizyIn this research, "Adjective", it's roles in Persian grammar, it'seloquent value, the ways of it's beautification in Epic, lyric, Didactic andEthic works, are considered. Explaining the favorite and poeticadjectives, their grammatical out pot in the speech and their rol MoreIn this research, "Adjective", it's roles in Persian grammar, it'seloquent value, the ways of it's beautification in Epic, lyric, Didactic andEthic works, are considered. Explaining the favorite and poeticadjectives, their grammatical out pot in the speech and their roles inmaking special fields for their qualified are discussed too. in each casefor understanding better, some witnesses from different pots are included.So, in this grammatical article, the writer's main purpose is presenting anew glance at "Adjective" and having some new suitable concepts of it. Manuscript profile -
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34 - Persian speakers' language identity and using it as L1 or L2 and applying its technical and rhetorical criteria in Telegram writings
Hoshyar Rashidi Adel Dastghoshadeh Mohamad Sediqh Zahedi -
Open Access Article
35 - A Comparative study of satirical tricks in Attar's Masnavi
masoomeh mousazadeh Dr.maryam mohammadzadeh Dr.ramin sadeginejad Although Persian prose and poetry had not reached to its climax and flourishment in Attar’s era, historically we can call this era the most sensitive time due to the frequency of unpleasant incidents and events. In this era, there were all types of chaos an More Although Persian prose and poetry had not reached to its climax and flourishment in Attar’s era, historically we can call this era the most sensitive time due to the frequency of unpleasant incidents and events. In this era, there were all types of chaos and poverty and unexpected events. No one can claim not to feel disappointment and regret after investigating the incidents happened in this era. Although it seems that Attar was in spiritual and mysticism world and did not pay attention to what was happening around, he had many complaints and unpleasant feelings about events happening. Chaotic political and social incidents during 6th century created a wave of protests in Attar’s thoughts. But since he could not express such protests directly, he has included a series of tortures imposed on oppressed people in the form of satire. Therefore, the present research has used a descriptive-analytic method with the help of evidences from the texts of his works and emphasizing at verbal arts utilized by him such as contradictions, surprises, position collapse, allegory, paradox, symbolism, emblem, and … to investigate about this type of literary trick in poems composed by Attar. Findings showed that content techniques have had a very important role in creating the works of this poet regarding the functions. Manuscript profile -
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36 - Tepe RahmatAbad: A Settlement of Achaemenid Period on Southern Gorge of Bolaqi Valley
Mohammad Hossein Azizi KharanaghiFars province as the origin of the Achaemenid Empire has a great number of monuments of this cultural period. Recent studies on the Pasargadae area and Bolaqi valley led to discovery of new sites of this period such as Dokhtar- Bor (the road has been dug in to the Bolaq MoreFars province as the origin of the Achaemenid Empire has a great number of monuments of this cultural period. Recent studies on the Pasargadae area and Bolaqi valley led to discovery of new sites of this period such as Dokhtar- Bor (the road has been dug in to the Bolaqi valley rocks which is attributed to the Achaemenid period), a small palace and the mud brick structures at the top of Tepe Rahmat Abad. Rahmat Abad is a small tell site (Half an hectare) in front of southern gorge of the Bolaqi valley. The site was excavated in 2005 and 2009. This site has a cultural deposit of Neolithic period (including two different phases: Pre-Pottery Neolithic Phase (RahmatAbad Phase) and Pottery Neolithic Phase (Formative Mushki and Mushki Phase), Middle Bakun period, Achaemenid period and Late Islamic (Qajar) period. In the 2009 season a mud brick structure with a semicircle plan was identified just at the top of the site which belongs to the Achaemenid period. The function of this structure is reasonable in connection with the royal road between Pasargadae and Persepolis. The absolute dating on one charcoal piece provided the date belonging to the beginning of the Achaemenid Empire. Manuscript profile -
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37 - تاثیرخلاصه نویسی بر روس دانش بلاغی دانشجویان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه: تلفیق گونه نوشتاری ورویکرد مبنی بر فرآیند
Maryam Karimpour پروانه کارکیاهدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر خلاصه نویسی بر دانش بلاغی دانشجویان دوره کارشناسی میباشد. سی دانشجوی خانم در رشته ادبیات انگلیسی دانشگاه الزهرا در این بررسی شرکت نموده اند. آموزشهای نوشتاری شامل دو مرحله بوده است که هر یک به مدت چهار هفته به طول انجامید. دانشجویان بر Moreهدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر خلاصه نویسی بر دانش بلاغی دانشجویان دوره کارشناسی میباشد. سی دانشجوی خانم در رشته ادبیات انگلیسی دانشگاه الزهرا در این بررسی شرکت نموده اند. آموزشهای نوشتاری شامل دو مرحله بوده است که هر یک به مدت چهار هفته به طول انجامید. دانشجویان بر اساس مدل "اس" به دو گروه آزمون و شاهد تقسیم گردیده وآموزشهایی مبنی بر گونه نوشتاری و رویکرد مبنی بر فرآیند دریافت کردند. گروه آزمون در طول مرحله اول خلاصه نویسی با آموزشهای ساختاری و در طول مرحله دوم آموزش رویکرد مبنی بر فرآیند دریافت کردند لکن گروه شاهد فقط در طول مرحله دوم آموزش مبنی بر فرآیند دریافت نمودند. سوالات تحقیق پس آزمون دو مورد بود که آیا خلاصه نویسی با آموزشهای ساختاری دانش بلاغی دانشجویان را بهبود میبخشد و اینکه چگونه دانش بلاغی دانشجویان وقتی آموزشهای ساختاری به عنوان ابزار جانبی رویکرد مبنی بر فرآیند استفاده میشوند افزایش می یابد. به منظور جمع آوری اطلاعات مورد نیاز جهت پاسخگویی به دو سوال تحقیقی ذکر شده ابزارهایی نظیر فرم ارزیابی برگرفته از طرح هیتون 1988و روش تجزیه تحلیل کمی متن برگرفته از مدل "اسکات"1996 بکار گرفته شده اند. تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات با استفاده از روش آماری " تی تست" نشان داد که خلاصه نویسی با آموزشهای ساختاری ، دانش بلاغی دانشجویان را در محتوا ،سازمان دهی، استفاده درست از زبان و پیچیدگی ساختاری افزایش میدهد.همچنین یافته های این بررسی بیانگر این مطلب بوده است که رویکرد مبنی بر فرآیند و گونه نوشتاری می توانند به عنوان روشهای مکمل هم مورد استفاده قرار گرفته و خلاصه نویسی با آموزشهای ساختاری می توانند به عنوان ابزار جانبی رویکرد مبنی بر فرآیند استفاده شوند. Manuscript profile -
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38 - بررسی جایگاه عناصر بلاغی در عرفان فخرالدین عراقی
محمدصالح امیری سید احمد حسینی کازرونی سید جعفر حمیدی -
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39 - ابزارهای بلاغی و دستوری توصیف در غزل های سعدی
سیده شبنم لاجوردی زاده محمدرضا حصارکی -
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40 - Structure and Function of Adjectival and Additional Compounds in Qeisar Aminpour's Poetry
Manoochehr Jokar Shima FazeliCompounding is an innovation in language surface that can be studied at tw0 sections: word formation and adjectival and additional compounds. These two methods have been in attention for contemporary poets and the second kind has special value among post revolution trad MoreCompounding is an innovation in language surface that can be studied at tw0 sections: word formation and adjectival and additional compounds. These two methods have been in attention for contemporary poets and the second kind has special value among post revolution traditionalist poets, although Qeisar Aminpour had impressive success in making new compounds and words, but with a special approach toadjectival and additional compounds in both new and traditional poems, he has more used the second kind of compounding in his works. This application, after using routine language, has made the main feature of language for him. Theadjectival and additional compounds in Aminpour's poetry has metaphorical, conceptual and sometimes nominative compounds which brevity, music and introduction removing are from the important applications of them. These compounds in addition to grammatical and lingual style have had a kay role in literature and art style of the poet. This research wishes to study the structure of adjectival and additional compounds in Aminpour's poetry, how he uses these compounds in his poems and their role and importance in syntactic, literary structure and his artistic expression Manuscript profile -
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41 - The Analysis of Rethorical Difference in Allusion and Expression in Mystical Prose of Khajeh Abdullah Ansari
Samaneh Jafari Mohammad AlizadehKhajeh Abdullah Ansari is the creator of outstanding works that have formed a new style of prose, but the works of Khajeh are not all in the same style and The difference between "zaban_e Ebarat" (allusion language) and "zaban_e Esharat" (expression language) can MoreKhajeh Abdullah Ansari is the creator of outstanding works that have formed a new style of prose, but the works of Khajeh are not all in the same style and The difference between "zaban_e Ebarat" (allusion language) and "zaban_e Esharat" (expression language) can be seen in the two categories of his works. Some of Khajeh's works, such as "Sad Maidan" were written with the aim of teaching mystical principles, and others such as "Elahi Namah" are of the type of lyric literature. This article has tried to make a comparative comparison of the Rhetorical style of these two groups of his works by comparing the Rhetorical features of these two outstanding works of this author in a library method with the aim of showing the difference of Rhetorical features in the between expression language and allusion language. The results of this research show that most of the Rhetorical techniques are used more in " Elahi Namah", other than" Tazmin" that Khajeh has used more to prove his Sayings in " Sad Maidan ". Also, the frequency analysis of the Rhetorical features of these two works proves that This eloquent mystic dominates the form and meaning and has reached two Style in mystical language by observing the proportion and connection between them. Manuscript profile -
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42 - شناسایی دسته های پیش بینی همپوشان : تمرکز بر کتب درسی زبان انگلیسی با اهداف ویژه
فرحناز بهلولی اسگوییمفهوم "پیش بینی" به عنوان یک ابزار بلاغی آینده نگر در بهبود توانایی های خواندن زبان آموزان در حوزه زبان انگلیسی با اهداف ویژه بر پایه این فرض اهمیت ویژه میابد که وقتی ساختار بلاغی متن توسط زبان آموز درک شود، وی می تواند از آن برای پیش بینی نوع اطلاعات پیش رو بهره ببرد. Moreمفهوم "پیش بینی" به عنوان یک ابزار بلاغی آینده نگر در بهبود توانایی های خواندن زبان آموزان در حوزه زبان انگلیسی با اهداف ویژه بر پایه این فرض اهمیت ویژه میابد که وقتی ساختار بلاغی متن توسط زبان آموز درک شود، وی می تواند از آن برای پیش بینی نوع اطلاعات پیش رو بهره ببرد. هدف این مطالعه بررسی امکان مرتبط کردن سیگنالهای متنی " مقوله های پیش بینی" با دانش محتوای متن بود. برای این منظور، یک پژوهش توصیفی کیفی بر روی داده ها مشتمل بر 10 فصل از 5 کتاب درسی در رشته مهندسی عمران با استفاده ازمدل تحلیلی طراحی شده توسط "تادرس" بر پایه مفهوم پیش بینی اتخاذ شد. شش دسته"مقوله پیشبینی" معرفیشده توسط تادروس که زیربنای این مدل هستند، شامل شمارش، برچسبگذاری پیشرفته، گزارش، بازپیدایی، فرضیه سازی و سؤال ، بهطور مداوم در متون انتخاب شده بررسی شدند. یافتههای این مطالعه یک دسته پیشبینیکننده جدیدی به نام «مقولههای پیشبینیهمپوشان» را نشان داد که در آن دو یا سه دسته مقوله های پیشبینی، دقیقاً روی یکدیگر همپوشانی دارند.بر مبنای نتایج بدست آمده از این مطالعه ، آگاه سازی زبان آموزان ، معلمان و طراحان کتب آموزشی در مورد وجود چنین مقوله های پیش بینی میتواند مزایای قابل توجهی برای همه اعضای جامعه زبان انگلیسی با اهداف ویژه به همراه داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
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43 - تحلیل بلاغی مقابله ای نشانه فراگفتمانی(Code Glosses) در پوسترهای تحقیقاتی دانشگاهی پزشکی نگارش یافته به زبان انگلیسی توسط نویسندگان انگلیسی زبان و نویسندگان ایرانی
محمدرضا طالبی نژاد فریبا قدیانیاین مطالعه، نشانه فراگفتمانی (Code Glosses) را در شصت پوسترتحقیقاتی دانشگاهی پزشکی که نویسندگان انگلیسی زبان و نویسندگان ایرانی به زبان انگلیسی نگاشته اند، مورد بررسی قرار داد.تاریخچه تحقیق در حوزه تحلیل ژانر مقابله ای نشان می دهد که تاکنون پوسترهای تحقیقاتی دانشگاهی پز Moreاین مطالعه، نشانه فراگفتمانی (Code Glosses) را در شصت پوسترتحقیقاتی دانشگاهی پزشکی که نویسندگان انگلیسی زبان و نویسندگان ایرانی به زبان انگلیسی نگاشته اند، مورد بررسی قرار داد.تاریخچه تحقیق در حوزه تحلیل ژانر مقابله ای نشان می دهد که تاکنون پوسترهای تحقیقاتی دانشگاهی پزشکی نگارش یافته به زبان انگلیسی از نظر بکار گیری نشانه فراگفتمانی Code Glosses مورد مطالعه قرار نگرفته اند.مجموعه ا ی شامل شصت پوستر تحقیقاتی دانشگاهی پزشکی که به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند و طی سال 2012 منتشر شده اند، بررسی گردید. این تحقیق از مدل هایلند (Hyland) به عنوان چهار چوب تحقیق بهره گرفت و به تحلیل نشانه فراگفتمانی Code Glosses بکار گزفته شده درمجموعه مذکور پرداخت.در این مطالعه، نخست، تحلیل کمی با استفاده از نرم افزارتحلیل گر متن ام- آ –ایکس- کیو-دی- آ(MAXQDA) انجام شد. درمرحله بعد، تحلیل کیفی بطور دستی به منظور حصول اطمینان از عملکرد فراگفتمانی نشانه فراگفتمانیCode Glosses شمارش یافته انجام شد. آزمون معناداری مجذور خی(Chi-Square) با ضریب اطمینان 95% نشان داد که تفاوت معنا داری بین دو گروه از متکلمین از نظر استراژی بلاغی در خصوص بکار گیری نشانه فراگفتمانی Code Glosses وجود دارد.نتایج نشان می دهد که درپوستر های پزشکی نگارش یافته توسط متکلمین بومی انگلیسی زبان در مقایسه با پوستر های نگارش یافته توسط متکلمین غیر بومی ایرانی تعداد بیشتری نشانه فرا گفتمانیCode Glosses بکار گرفته شده است. این نتیجه ممکن است ناشی از نوع زبا ن اول و تفاوت های فرهنگی بین دو گروه از نویسندگان پوسترها باشد.یافته های این تحقیق را می توان به منظور برنامه ریزی مواد و فعالیتهای آموزشی در حوزه آموزش زبان انگلیسی مورد تاکید قرار داد و بکا ر گرفت. Manuscript profile -
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44 - تحلیل شعری از رودکی بر اساس نقد بلاغی
معصومه موسایی -
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45 - Figures of Speech: A Historical Approach
هوشمند اسفندیارپور In Persian language, a comprehensive and critical research on the history of figures of speech and their innovators has not been undertaken yet. This study modestly tries to examine the history of figures of speech, based on the works of Ibn Motaz, Qoddamate Ib More In Persian language, a comprehensive and critical research on the history of figures of speech and their innovators has not been undertaken yet. This study modestly tries to examine the history of figures of speech, based on the works of Ibn Motaz, Qoddamate Ibn Jafar, Abu Helāl Askari, Ibn Rashiq Qirvāni and Ibn Abilasba. Manuscript profile -
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46 - The Myth of Mehr in Shāhnāmeh
سید رسول موسوی Hakīm Abul-Qāsim Ferdowsī Tūsī (935–1020) in his masterpiece, Shāhnāmeh (Book of Kings), presents metaphoric images of Sun based on the myth of Mehr and Mithraism. He uses decorum and imagery and portrays an anthropocentric image of the Sun. &nb More Hakīm Abul-Qāsim Ferdowsī Tūsī (935–1020) in his masterpiece, Shāhnāmeh (Book of Kings), presents metaphoric images of Sun based on the myth of Mehr and Mithraism. He uses decorum and imagery and portrays an anthropocentric image of the Sun. In the present article, attempt is made to show the creativity of Ferdowsī in using the image of Mehr based on Iranian mythological elements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Presenting a favorable electoral model based on general election policies by studying international electoral systems (Case study: USA and Germany)
afsane bijekar mohammad Varasteh Bazghaleh ali dashtiField and Aims: The legitimacy or acceptability of political systems is created through general elections and the will of the nations, and some governments consider their legitimacy extraterrestrial and the only acceptability of the political system from the people. Lik MoreField and Aims: The legitimacy or acceptability of political systems is created through general elections and the will of the nations, and some governments consider their legitimacy extraterrestrial and the only acceptability of the political system from the people. Like the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is stated in the preamble of its constitution, "Government, from the point of view of Islam, does not arise from the position of class and domination of an individual or group, but is the crystallization of the political ideal of a nation of the same religion and like-minded people, which organizes itself in the process of intellectual and ideological evolution. Open your way to the final goal (moving towards Allah). However, the acceptance and holding of elections in all parts of the world is dependent on an electoral system based on which governments manage democracy. In this article, we seek to present a desirable election model based on general election policies by studying the German and American electoral systems.Method: This research article is applied and developmental in terms of its purpose, and the data was collected by library method and analyzed by qualitative method.Finding and Conclusion: Concerned about making the election system of the country fundamental, the Supreme Leader announced the general election policies in 18 paragraphs to the officials of the country on October 24, 2016, and no comprehensive election system has been developed and implemented in this regard. Considering that the electoral system of Germany and America is also proportional and majority; By studying international standards based on the 18 policies announced by the leadership, we have presented a "proportional democratic" electoral system with a specific and comprehensive structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - تعریض و اهمیّت آن در علوم بلاغی
احمد خطیبی خیالی -
Open Access Article
49 - The Pathology of the Application of Eloquence in the Child's Poetry ( in the decades of 70 to 90 )
Afsaneh Moosavi Garmaroodi Ahmad Khatami Maryam JalaliAbstract This essay has dealt with the exposition of eloquence and fluency in the child's poetry; what the child's poet, by maintaining the childish manner, and creating fluent, easy, and poetic words, need it. First, the freq MoreAbstract This essay has dealt with the exposition of eloquence and fluency in the child's poetry; what the child's poet, by maintaining the childish manner, and creating fluent, easy, and poetic words, need it. First, the frequency and abundance of the usage of rhetorics have been posed and later its correct and incorrect methods have been offered. We have also presented samples of current eloquent problems in the child poetry together with its most frequent applications; then we've compared suitable and unsuitable patterns in it. Based on this research, the method and application of types and eloquence science, with regarding to the vocabulary and the child's understanding and what interferes the frequency of the poem have been dealt with. The basis of this research is on the eloquence theories and fundamentals which have been written in the elementary research. The library method of this paper is on its statistical society and its consequences and the results attained are of the rare researches in this domain and offers the procedures for the use of the poets in composing the child poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - بررسی سبکشناسی لایهای اشعار سلمان هراتی
فریبا مرندی فرهاد فلاحت خواه لیلا عدل پرور -
Open Access Article
51 - The Function of Eloquence Spleens in Educational Message in the Leili and Majnoon from Nezami
naser naseriAbstract Hakim Nezami, the poet of the 6th century, by his profound and strict knowledge of the vicissitudes of his era and familiarity with the kings and vassals' manner, considers himself as a social peacemaker, responsible to guide all MoreAbstract Hakim Nezami, the poet of the 6th century, by his profound and strict knowledge of the vicissitudes of his era and familiarity with the kings and vassals' manner, considers himself as a social peacemaker, responsible to guide all people, from the rulers to the peasants towards the good deed to provide ideal society regarding the mundane world and the dooms' day. To attain this, he provides a concoction of divine knowledge, religious problems, justice and altruism to cure and eradicate the disease and disorganization of the society. Though in his writings, Nezami has dealt with the Gnostic themes, love and historic and epic poems, the theme of all of them is didactic and ethical notes to the rulers and the ranks of people. I have tried to expound the educational and ethical aspects of the Leili and Majnoon from the rhetoric point of view and by using guidance, persuasion, threatening, irony, praying, and supplication. Altogether, Nezami's emphasis lies on guidance, prohibition of the roguery of the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The Artistic Quality of Rhetorical Structures in the Newly Found Work from Fathollah Aref
Mohammad Reza Amir Khani Dehbalaee Ahmad Reza YalamehaAbstract The subject of this research is to study and evaluate the application of crafts of rhetorics and their criticism in the newly found work from Fathollah Aref, the poet of the 10th century and the composer of The Shahna MoreAbstract The subject of this research is to study and evaluate the application of crafts of rhetorics and their criticism in the newly found work from Fathollah Aref, the poet of the 10th century and the composer of The Shahnameh in the court of Soleiman Ghanuni. One of the specifications that distinguishes one literary work from the other is the kind of its utility from its rhetoric structure which are illustrated by the writer in different ways. Regarding the epic genre of this poetry, Aref tries to create his poetry in higher or the same rank of the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi. In the discussion of rhetorics, he sometimes succeeds and the other times fails. Aref's most significant craft in this work is the sensitive expression in the description of the scenes and the choice of similarity in a different atmosphere in a distich. Aref, by posing ironic expressions and in an unexpected manner , unveils his praised one (criticizes him) . Expression together with authority, and questioning in the excellency of the abstract of the book are of his outstanding and successful crafts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Epic Archaism (Distinct feature of the style used in Qaysarnameh written by Adib Pishavari)
safa kazemian moghadam Farzad GhaemiEpic Archaism (Distinct feature of the style used in Qaysarnameh written by Adib Pishavari) *Safa Kazemian Moghadam PhD student, Persian language and Literature, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran. **Farzad Ghaemi Assistant Professor, Persian language and l MoreEpic Archaism (Distinct feature of the style used in Qaysarnameh written by Adib Pishavari) *Safa Kazemian Moghadam PhD student, Persian language and Literature, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran. **Farzad Ghaemi Assistant Professor, Persian language and literature, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran. Date of reception: 96/10/11 Date of acceptance: 96/12/6 Abstract Epic archaism is the simultaneous employment of epic as an influential and elevated style mingled with a form of archaism which lead to the sublimity of poet’s language. Qaysarnameh composed by Adib Pishavari is a complete example of using epic as a model blended with archaism as far as diction, syntax, and rhetoric are concerned. This historic epic more than any other works in its era had remained devoted to the linguistic and literary traditions of his ancestors. Adib Pishavari has made tremendous effort to preserve Khorasani language. Inspired by Shahnameh and using it as a model he took profound care to adhere to its style. Archaism is one of the main reasons for preservation of epic language in Qaysarnameh. This research studies different aspects of epic archaism in this work. This quality in Adib’s poetry had found stylistic individuality in terms of diction, syntax and rhetoric. Making words with new political, social, and military expressions, representation of Khorasani syntax and creation of compound images based on the ancient epic similes are among the principle features found in Qaysarnameh. * . safakazemian@gmail.com ** . farzadghaemi@gmail.com Manuscript profile
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