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Open Access Article
1 - بررسی جداکشتهای مختلف بر باززایی گیاه بگونیا Begonia
مریم سعادتی سید محمد مهدی حمدی -
Open Access Article
2 - A Study of Kaveh the Blacksmith’s Uniqueness in Ferdowsi’s The Shahnameh with an Approach to Urban Iranian Thought and World Myths
Seyyed Mohammad Reza Ghoreishi Saeid Kheirkhah Abdol Reza Modarres ZadehWith the discovery of iron, in addition to material changes, the intellectual and cultural order of the world also undergoes a transformation. The value, depth, and consequences of this discovery are a modern phenomenon with features of the age called iron, which MoreWith the discovery of iron, in addition to material changes, the intellectual and cultural order of the world also undergoes a transformation. The value, depth, and consequences of this discovery are a modern phenomenon with features of the age called iron, which creates its own myths and heroes. Iran, as one of the oldest ritual civilizations in the world and the first centers to achieve iron smelting and extraction technology, is not without its cultural consequences. The most famous Iranian hero of this era is Kaveh Ahangar, who appears in the dark and turbulent millennium of Zahaki (Iranian version of the beginning of the Iron Age) and provides the ground for the re-creation of the drinking world by Fereydoun. Despite his reputation and constant influence on Iranian thought, Kaveh is not reflected in Iranian patriotic and religious myths. This has led some scholars to consider him a historical figure made by the writers of the Sassanid theologians, which is certainly unbelievable, because it is incompatible with the intellectual foundations of prehistoric peoples in understanding existence. Kaveh, like other mythical characters, has symbolic motives and metaphorical features. In this research, using archetypal analysis, comparative attitude and library method the researchers try to study the mythological themes of Kaveh's mediation in Shahnameh and present new results by introducing new ideas to show that Kaveh is , a prehistoric hero who, for some reason, disappears from the scene of Iranian mythology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Ability of Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in White Kashan and Red Rey Onions Cultivars (Allium cepa L.) Using Root - tip Culture under Invitro Conditions
A. Goravanchi S.A. Mousavi zade A.R. Motallebi Azar V. RashidiThis present study has been carried out in order to evaluate the effect of culture medium and genotype on callus induction and regeneration of two onion varieties through root tip culture. For callus induction, micro samples from 1-3 mm root tip of 2 day old in vitro ge MoreThis present study has been carried out in order to evaluate the effect of culture medium and genotype on callus induction and regeneration of two onion varieties through root tip culture. For callus induction, micro samples from 1-3 mm root tip of 2 day old in vitro germinated plants laied on four culture media (1mg/l 2, 4-D, 0/5mg/l 2, 4-D, 0/5mg/l 2, 4-D with 0/5mg/l kinetin, 1mg/l 2,4-D with 1mg/l kinetin) in darkness conditions. Subculture of samples was done after four weeks. The produced calluses were laied in embryogenic culture medium for 4 weeks and after formation of embryoes, they were put in plant regeneration culture medium for eight weeks. Result showed that callus induction percentage is affected significantly by cultivar and culture medium, but reciprocal effect of both factors was not meaningful on callus induction percentage. Plant regeneration percentage and number of embryo per callus is affected meaningfully by cultivar, but type of culture medium and reciprocal effect of both factors was not meaningful on plant regeneration percentage and number of embryoes per callus. Embryogenic callus percentage is affected meaningfully by cultivar, but type of culture medium had not meaningful effect on embryogenic callus percentage. Callus induction percentage, plant regeneration percentage, number of embryo per callus and embryogenic callus percentage, are higher in white Kashan cultivar in relation to red Rey one and in culture medium involving hormonal combination of 2,4-D and kinetin, application of 0/5mg/l 2, 4-D can be usful. Considering the callus induction percentage, embryogenic and plant regeneration percentage, white Kashan cultivar and culture medium containing 0/5mg/l 2, 4-D is appropriate as compared with other cultures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The effect of different concentrations of cytokinin and auxin on in vitro culture of Physalis alkekengi (L.) using leaf and stem explants
Mona Kashanchi Elaheh Pourfakhraei Mitra Parsa Amineh ZeinaliPhysalis alkekengi is a fruit-bearing plant in Iran. It is very popular due to the nutritional and medicinal properties. The main limitations of its cultivation are short reproductive cycle, fruits susceptibility to pests and limited information about crop management. T MorePhysalis alkekengi is a fruit-bearing plant in Iran. It is very popular due to the nutritional and medicinal properties. The main limitations of its cultivation are short reproductive cycle, fruits susceptibility to pests and limited information about crop management. The use of different micropropagation methods to produce physalis is proposed as practical solution. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of culture medium and different concentrations of growth regulators on the seeds germination and organogenesis of P. alkekengi by using tissue culture technique as well as providing a suitable protocol for in vitro micropropagation of this plant. Seeds were cultured in 1/2 MS and distilled water with three different stabilizers including Plant Agar, Sand and Filter Paper. Direct regeneration (stem) and indirect regeneration (callusing from stem and leaf explants) were used for regeneration of the physalis. Explants were cultured in different hormone combinations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP in 2 and 3 mg/L) and 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) (2 mg/L). The best seed germination medium was 1/2 MS contains plant agar as stabilizer (95%). The best explant for callusing was leaf and the best medium was ½ MS containing 2, 4-D (2 mg/ L). The best regeneration medium was BAP (3 mg / L) + GA3 (0.5 mg / L) on MS 1/2. The best hormone for direct organogenesis of stem was BAP at different concentrations. The best medium for micropropagation was ½ MS containing BAP (3 mg / L) + GA3 (0.5 mg / L) (more than 25 seedlings per explant). Rooting was performed using IBA (150 mg / L) followed by transferring seedlings to ½ MS after one week. Finally, seedlings were easily transferred to the soil and more than 95% of them survived in the greenhouse. These results suggest a protocol for commercial micropropagation of physalis plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Study of effects of different plant growth regulators on explant's establishment of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Mill.)
A.B Barzgar مرضیه Shafiee HajiAbad محمود AbdyAloe (Aloe barbadensis Mill) is one of the most important medicinal plants belonging to Liliaceae family that nowadays is propagated by in vitro culture in high-scale propagation. Because of the impotance of the establishment stage in in vito culture of this plant, this MoreAloe (Aloe barbadensis Mill) is one of the most important medicinal plants belonging to Liliaceae family that nowadays is propagated by in vitro culture in high-scale propagation. Because of the impotance of the establishment stage in in vito culture of this plant, this study was conducted to investigate the best media culture for Aloe explants establishment. First, the prolifration rate of two kind of explants (Shoot tips and auxiliary buds) were evaluated on 8 media cultures and shoot tips selected as the best explants. Then, in order to determine the best media culture an experiment was conducted in factorail design with two factors: auxins in four levels (1 mgl-1 IAA, 0.5 mgl-1IAA, 1 mgl-1IBA, 0.5 mgl-1IBA) and cytokinins in two levels (BA and Kinetin at 1 mgl-1) in a complete randomised design with 3 replications. After 35 days the highest rate of prolifration earned on the media contained 0.5 mgl-1 IAA and 1 mgl-1 BA with 6.0 shoots per explant and 2.3 cm length, that is higher and faster than other related reports. Since on the stablishment stage of in vitro culture regnaration of the highest shoot number per explant with small size has considerable attention, this protocol suggestes an appropriate method for establishment of Aloe explants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - رویان زایی پیکری و باززایی گیاه از تخمک گسترش نیافته پرتقال (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck)
عالم آرا غلامی احمد مجد سید وحید علوی فتح اله فلاحیان -
Open Access Article
7 - القای کالوس و باززایی دو گونه داوودی (Chrysanthemum morifolium و C. coccineum) از طریق اندامزایی مستقیم و غیر مستقیم و تحلیل پایداری ژنتیکی آنها با استفاده از نشانگرهای مولکولی IRAP، ISSR و SCoT
Fardin Nasri Hedayat Zakizadeh Yavar Vafaee Ali Akbar Mozafariدر این تحقیق، تکثیر درون شیشه­ای داوودی گونه C. morifolium ارقام ’هما‘ و ’دلکش‘ و گونه بومی (C. coccineum) از طریق اندام زایی مستقیم، غیر مستقیم و جنین زایی غیرجنسی گزارش شده است. BAP در غلظت­های صفر، 1، 2 و 3 میلی­گرم در لیتر و NAA د Moreدر این تحقیق، تکثیر درون شیشه­ای داوودی گونه C. morifolium ارقام ’هما‘ و ’دلکش‘ و گونه بومی (C. coccineum) از طریق اندام زایی مستقیم، غیر مستقیم و جنین زایی غیرجنسی گزارش شده است. BAP در غلظت­های صفر، 1، 2 و 3 میلی­گرم در لیتر و NAA در غلظت­های صفر، 05/0، 1/0 و 2/0 میلی­گرم در لیتر جهت القای اندام­زایی مستقیم و غیر مستقیم در ریزنمونه­های نوک شاخه­های انتهایی استفاده شد. جهت مطالعه القای کالوس و جنین زایی غیرجنسی، ریزنمونه­های جوان برگ بر روی محیط کشت MS حاوی BAP (صفر، 1، 2 و 3 میلی­گرم در لیتر) و 2و4-دی (صفر، 1، 2 و 3 میلی­گرم در لیتر) کشت شدند. باززایی مستقیم شاخه از ریزنمونه­های نوک شاخه­های انتهایی ارقام ’هما‘ و ’دلکش‘ و همچنین در گونه بومی C. coccineum مشاهده شد. بالاترین تعداد شاخه­ها از طریق اندام­زایی مستقیم (78/13 و 89/8 شاخه در هر ریزنمونه به ترتیب برای C. coccineumو ’هما‘) با 2 میلی گرم در لیتر BAP و 05/0 میلی­گرم در لیتر NAA مشاهده شد. در هر دو گونه، بالاترین فراوانی تشکیل کالوس و جنین­زایی روی محیط کشت حاوی 2 میلی­گرم در لیتر 2و4-دی و 2 میلی­گرم در لیتر BAP بدست آمد. پایداری ژنتیکی 10 گیاه سازگار یافته حاصل از اندام­زایی مستقیم از هر گونه با استفاده از6 پرایمر از نشانگرهای مولکولی (IRAP, ISSR, SCoT) به اثبات رسید. در کل 56، 56 و 39 قطعه برای IRAP، ISSR و SCoT به­ترتیب تکثیر شدند. در کل، نتایج ما نشان داد که یافتن عکس­العمل بهتر ریزنمونه­ها به جنین­زایی یا اندام­زایی در یک رقم ویژه و با یک ترکیب هورمونی و غلظت­های آن­ها نقش مهمی را در کارآیی تکثیر درون شیشه­ای گونه­های داوودی، بازی می­کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Indirect regeneration of endangered Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss
parisa jonubi Ahmad Majd mitra zamani nasrabadiDaracocephalum Kotschyi Boiss is a pharmaceutical and aromatic species of Lamiaceae which could be found in the northern and the north-eastern highlands of Iran. D. Kotschyi is an endangered species due to specific circumstances of habitat and human indiscriminated harv MoreDaracocephalum Kotschyi Boiss is a pharmaceutical and aromatic species of Lamiaceae which could be found in the northern and the north-eastern highlands of Iran. D. Kotschyi is an endangered species due to specific circumstances of habitat and human indiscriminated harvest. In vitro culture of different explants from sterile seedlings showed that all of media used for hypocotyl just produced callus without any shoot regeneration. The best callus production obtained from 14 day old - cotyledonary leaves cultured on MS medium containing 0.5 mg l-1 BA and 0.5 mg l-1 NAA. These calli were subcultured to MS medium containing 2 mg l-1 BA and 0.2 mg l-1 NAA that showed 33.3% shoot regeneration. In order to indirect regeneration using sequential reculturing, cotyledonary leaves on MS medium containing 1 mg l-1 BA and 1 mg l-1 NAA that 53.3% shoot regeneration was obtained. 75% from regenerated plants that were subcultured on root induction medium supplemented by 2 mg l-1 NAA could produce the strong roots. These plants were transferred to vermiculite and soil.They were adapted to greenhouse condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - -The effect of various growth regulator compounds on gynogenesis of Allium ampeloprasum Taree group in vitro
Mohammad Javad Shakouri Mohammad Reza Hassandokht Sepideh Kalateh Jari Kambiz Larijani Faezeh GhanatiPersian leek (Allium ampeloprasum) has a special place in Iraninan's food chain. Many accessions by different characteristics have been cultivated and adapted in different regions of Iran. In order to investigate the breeding of this vegetable, an experiment was conduct MorePersian leek (Allium ampeloprasum) has a special place in Iraninan's food chain. Many accessions by different characteristics have been cultivated and adapted in different regions of Iran. In order to investigate the breeding of this vegetable, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in three replications. For this purpose, 7 accessions of Persian leeks were selected. Various growth regulator componds2, 4 D at 0, 2 and 4 mg/lit and BA with 0, 2 and 4 mg/l were used in culture medium. The treatments were done on unopened flowers' umbrella and embryogenesis, regeneration and callus percentages of micro samples and the number of haploid plants were measured. The results indicated that Shadegan accessions in culture medium including 4 mg/l BA and 2 mg/l D-4,2 had the highest Percentage of embryogenesis (12.81 %) and regeneration (12.6%). The highest percentage of callus (0.51%) and lowest percentage of callus (0.16%) have been observed in arak and shadegan accession, respectively. Out of 42525 flowers cultivated, 1001 embryo (2.35%), 972 regenerate (97.1%) and 946 plants (94.5%) have survived. Eventually, seven haploid plants were observed. The highest number of haploid was observed in culture medium with 4 mg /liters BA and 2 mg/liters 2.4.D. in Guilan accession. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Callus induction and regeneration of bread wheat cultivars and barley from mature embryo explants
Ali Akbar Gholami Alireza TarinejadIn this research, the ability of callus and regeneration of four wheat lines, CD-4, CD-6, CD-8, CD-9 and three barley cultivars (Afzal, Valfajr and Kavir) from adult fetal specimens Evaluated. For wheat callus induction, ML1G1 medium containing three levels of growth re MoreIn this research, the ability of callus and regeneration of four wheat lines, CD-4, CD-6, CD-8, CD-9 and three barley cultivars (Afzal, Valfajr and Kavir) from adult fetal specimens Evaluated. For wheat callus induction, ML1G1 medium containing three levels of growth regulator 2, 4-D was used to regenerate the ML1R3 medium containing three levels of Kin and BAP growth regulators. For callus induction, ML1G1 medium containing three levels of growth regulator 2, 4-D was used for regeneration of ML1R3 medium containing different levels of BAP and Kin growth regulator. The callus evaluation of different wheat varieties showed that the highest amount of callus related to the CD-9 (79.55%) line and also at different levels of the Thorrod growth regulator had the highest level of callus induction 2.4 mg / L( 77/58%). Evaluation of regeneration of wheat cultivars showed that the highest reproductive rate related to CD-9 line (20.66%), as well as in different culture media, had the highest regeneration rate of 2 mg / L Kin Kinseed medium (27.22% ) Was. The results of callus evaluation of different barley varieties showed that the highest amount of callus induction related to Afzal cultivar (65.33%), as well as at different levels of Growth regulator, had the highest level of callus induction related to 3.5 mg / L (66 / 50%). The highest regeneration rate of Afzal cultivar (13.55%) and also in different culture media had the highest reproduction rate of 2 mg / L BAP (20%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - High performant eggplant in vitro regeneration and organogenesis
Farhad Taghipour Soleiman Jamshidi Fahrul HuyopEggplant is a notable vegetable crop grown in a variety of tropical and temperate regions. In vitro regeneration of eggplant was established to determine an efficient phytohormone concentration for development of organogenesis from cotyledon and leaf explants. Ten-day o MoreEggplant is a notable vegetable crop grown in a variety of tropical and temperate regions. In vitro regeneration of eggplant was established to determine an efficient phytohormone concentration for development of organogenesis from cotyledon and leaf explants. Ten-day old cotyledon and 25-day old leaf explants were cultured on MS medium amended with Gamborg’s B5 vitamins and 2% sucrose in 10 different concentrations and combinations of NAA, BAP, TDZ, 2,4-D and IAA phytohormons. Cultured explants were incubated at 25 ± 2 ºC for 3 weeks under 16:8 h photoperiod. Well-grown regenerated shoots were transferred to fresh growth medium after 3 weeks for shoot elongation. All cotyledon and leaf explants produced various callus masses but only white and friable ones were able to regenerate into vigorous shoots. Shoot regeneration medium (SRM10) containing MS + TDZ 2 mg/L + BAP 0.5 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L showed high potential in organogenesis of both explant types. Shoot regeneration and organogenesis from cotyledon explants were much more advantageous than leaf explants. The average of cotyledon and leaf explants producing shoot were 4.3 ± 0.33 and 1.6 ± 0.67 out of 5 in each plate, respectively. The percentages of regenerated shoots in cotyledon and leaf explants cultured on SRM10 were 86.6 ± 6.67 and 33.3 ± 13.3%, respectively. Current work can shed a light on production of transgenic eggplants and can be followed by normal mature plants regeneration. Manuscript profile
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