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Open Access Article
1 - Akhyan ― I Rūm organization and its relationship with Iran
زهرا RabbaniIn historical sources of Rome´s Seljuks, there is a reference to a group named Akhyān who were very active in the society. This group were from the middle class and especially craftsman and their ideals, rules and groups features were exactly similar to those of MoreIn historical sources of Rome´s Seljuks, there is a reference to a group named Akhyān who were very active in the society. This group were from the middle class and especially craftsman and their ideals, rules and groups features were exactly similar to those of Ahl-Al-Futtuwwa in Iran and Iraq. Apart from their mystical and religious beliefs, they had a noticeable role in social transition and as they were supported by the society they had a widespread influence on the society. We study this group, here, to find the traces of this organization´s relation with Iran and also to study the Iranian´s participation and role in expanding this social phenomenon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - تحولات سوریه و نقش راهبردی ایران؛ توازن منطقه‌ای و چشم انداز سیاست خارجی ایران
حیدر لطفی محسن قندالی مجید پورمجلسی محمود رویان -
Open Access Article
3 - تأثیر همکاری‌های نظامی ایران و روسیه بر تحولات ژئوپلیتیک منطقه‌ای ایران
سیدمحمد صادق خسرو عزت اله عزتی رحیم سرور -
Open Access Article
4 - تحلیل ژئوپلیتیکی شبکه‌های قدرت در عراق پسا داعش: در راستای ارائه مدلی برای جلوگیری از نفوذ منطقه‌ای آمریکا
علی اصغر اسمعیل پور روشن -
Open Access Article
5 - نقش واحدهای ژئوپلیتیکی استانی در طراحی مدل اقتصاد شبکه‌ای در ایران: مطالعه موردی استان لرستان
حیدر لطفی سیاوش مرادی پور مهدی هنردوست -
Open Access Article
6 - نقش ایران و امریکا در امنیت خلیج فارس با تأکید بر دوران بعد از انقلاب اسلامی و استراتژی فرامنطقه‌ای ایران
ناصر اقبالی غلامرضا عاشوری عباس نجفی سجاد عالی فرجام -
Open Access Article
7 - بررسی زمینه‌های همگرایی و واگرایی ایران و عربستان در چارچوب جغرافیای صلح
یدالله کریمی پور حسین ربیعی سید محمد یعقوبی -
Open Access Article
8 - The participation of Iranian researchers in the field of science curriculum World
mohammad hossein zarei ahamdreza nasrScience as a social and historical reality requires an understanding of each other and exchange of scientists and their ideas.For this reason, throughout history, a complex network of communication and cooperation in scientific research and scientific works are framed a MoreScience as a social and historical reality requires an understanding of each other and exchange of scientists and their ideas.For this reason, throughout history, a complex network of communication and cooperation in scientific research and scientific works are framed and have produced many valuable Scientometric research, scientific production is usually associated with another group of researchers is studied.The method of assessment, the participation of 95 Iranian research articles indexed in the ISI database between 1992 and the end of February 2015 were reviewed. The data were extracted from the database ISI Mvrrd data manually extracted and evaluated.Then analyzed using SPSS software version 20 was necessary.Results showed that the citations to papers and articles by Iranian authors in collaboration with foreign authors, there is a significant difference, So that the average citations to papers and articles by authors only 72/2 Iranian foreign authors carried out in partnership with 65/7 that the difference is statistically significant. Between the citation (s) there was no difference according to gender. And the number of authors and citations to the articles of association was not significant. However, Articles by 12 authors With an average of 34 citations earned the highest average and Articles 7 and 10 of author Mean only one citation lowest average earned This difference is statistically significant.These results suggest that increased international cooperation leads to the increase in the number of citations The Sex and the authors did not increase the number of citations. With this result, researchers in different countries, international participation in the forefront of their business why can participate in international science and international experience has arrived Provide scientific background and professional career growth and improvement of business activities can also cause. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Evaluation of the effect of Flupyradifurone20% (Sivanto®) and the trunk injection method to control red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olive. in Iran
J. Abbasi H. dabiri M. zargari Y. b. taheri Sh. zareDate palms are one of the most important horticultural crops in Iran. Red palm weevil (RPW)Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olive. (Col,: Dryophthoridae) is the most important and most dangerous pest under the internal quarantine law in Iran. larvae cause the death date palms MoreDate palms are one of the most important horticultural crops in Iran. Red palm weevil (RPW)Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olive. (Col,: Dryophthoridae) is the most important and most dangerous pest under the internal quarantine law in Iran. larvae cause the death date palms by feeding the tissues (vines) and emptying the trunk. Pest control chemical methods (spray, injection, fumigation and soil, irrigation pesticide application) are part of integrated pest management (IPM) programme. This research was conducted to investigate the efficacy insecticide Flupyradifurone20% with trade names Sivanto® and injection device (5cc automatic syringe, initiated and re-designed by the author) and injection trunk technique for controlling red palm weevil in randomized complete block design with four treatment and four replications. The results showed there was a significant difference between the treatments for the dead and live larvae and adult at 1% level. So Flupyradifurone20% treatments with concentration of 100ml (20gr active ingredient) injection with 100ml water and Flupyradifurone20% with concentration of 100ml (20gr active ingredient) injection rates the average of 9/7 and 8/3 per palm tree, respectively had the most effect on controlling the larvae in compared to Confidor35% injection and spray Flupyradifurone20% on the trunk. Experimental results showed that injection of the pesticide into a trunk is a suitable and effective method for controlling RPW and injection device (5cc automatic syringe, initiated and re-designed by the author) can be used for injection into the trunk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Evaluation of the effect of Flupyradifurone20% (Sivanto®) and the trunk injection method to control red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olive. in Iran
J. abbasi H. dabiri M. zargari Y. taheri Sh. zareRed palm weevil (RPW)Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olive. (Col,: Dryophthoridae) is the most important and most dangerous pest under the internal quarantine law in Iran. larvae cause the death date palms by feeding the tissues (vines) and emptying the trunk. Pest control ch MoreRed palm weevil (RPW)Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olive. (Col,: Dryophthoridae) is the most important and most dangerous pest under the internal quarantine law in Iran. larvae cause the death date palms by feeding the tissues (vines) and emptying the trunk. Pest control chemical methods (spray, injection, fumigation and soil, irrigation pesticide application) are part of integrated pest management programmes. This research was conducted to investigate the efficacy insecticide Flupyradifurone20% with trade names Sivanto® and injection device (5cc automatic syringe, initiated and re-designed by the author) and injection trunk technique for controlling red palm weevil in randomized complete block design with four treatment and four replications. The results showed there was a significant difference between the treatments for the dead and live larvae and adult at 1% level. So Flupyradifurone20% treatments with concentration of 100ml (20gr active ingredient) injection with 100ml water and Flupyradifurone20% with concentration of 100ml (20gr active ingredient) injection rates the average of 9.7 and 8.3 per palm tree, respectively had the most effect on controlling the larvae in compared to Confidor35% injection and spray Flupyradifurone20% on the trunk. Experimental results showed that injection of the pesticide into a trunk is a suitable and effective method for controlling RPW and device 5cc automatic syringe can be used for injection into the trunk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - ROLE OF GERMAN INDUSTRIES IN RENOVATION OF IRAN INDUSTRIES IN REZA SHAH PAHLAVI’S REIGEN
ali voshmeh soheyla torabi naser jadidiThe Germans were transformed into one of the important economic powers in Reza Shah Pahlavi’s terms of office. Looking for selling their products and preparing raw materials for their factories, they selected Iran as their target market, despite influence of the w MoreThe Germans were transformed into one of the important economic powers in Reza Shah Pahlavi’s terms of office. Looking for selling their products and preparing raw materials for their factories, they selected Iran as their target market, despite influence of the world superpowers that were the main obstacles for them. Iranian government that wanted to reduce British and Soviet Union influence, and wanted to renovate its traditional industry, welcomed the relations. Political nationalism and common racial interactions between the two countries used to help this relationship. The Germans were eager in selling their different products, including industrial factories, and Iran was also interested in that. It was the reason that a lot of light and heavy German factories were sold to Iran; various industries such as: textile industries, steel industries, communication, food industries and many other large or small firms that were owned by the government or private sector. Along with these industries, technical schools started work with German instructors, who had the duty for instructing technical forces and could be effective in transfer of technology. This style of political-economic relations were experienced a little by the Iranians. In conducting descriptive/analytical method and using archive documentations, publications and books for the research period, the present research deals with analyzing the activities of German industries in Iran during Reza Shah Pahlavi era. The aim of this study is investigating the importation and deploying light and heavy German industries and their effects on Iran’s industrial renovation during the first Pahlavid dynasty king. We are trying to find the answer to the question regarding qualitative and quantitative transformations in renovating Iranian traditional industries, by importation of German industries in Reza Shah Pahlavi era. To find the answer to the question, Iran and Germany situations before holding these relations are explained briefly. After considering the studying period for the importation of different German industries, the concluded contracts, motivations and international hindrances for these activities shall be investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Scenarios for the future of relations of Iran and Saudi Arabia
roghayeh javidi Gholamreza Behroozi LakAbstract: Interactions and relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia as two regional powers are affecting the regional development and themselves. These interactions are important and one can predict the future trend of these foreign policy directions and formulate desira MoreAbstract: Interactions and relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia as two regional powers are affecting the regional development and themselves. These interactions are important and one can predict the future trend of these foreign policy directions and formulate desirable and timely policies and make appropriate decisions. The present paper wants to use a combination of methodology of scenario writing of James Dytor and second step analysis to predict the trend, events and future scenario of Iran and Saudi Arabia relations in order to have a better planning and policy making. The main question raised by the paper is "what are the future scenario of coming decade of Iran and Saudi Arabia relations?" By understanding the events and the driving force which strengthen the relations and obstacles which impedes the relations one comes to the conclusion that the scenario of straining relations is more probable and the scenario of cooperation is having list possibility. Besides that the scenario of breaking our war or conflict is also probable depending on factors which strengthen the driving force. Therefore, taking into consideration the above scenarios it is necessary that the political leaders in their strategic planning adopt the pattern of cooperation and constructive interaction. They should strengthen the cultural and ideological drivers and encourage the regional countries to further cooperation scenario. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (BARJAM), the Iranian Nuclear Dossier and the Non-securitization Context of Securitization
فرزاد رستمی masoud naderiAbstract Many theorists in the field of security are of the opinion that Iran does not adhere to the logic of security equation in the region and the world and this has led to political problems for the regional countries and Iran as well. The article by an analytical- MoreAbstract Many theorists in the field of security are of the opinion that Iran does not adhere to the logic of security equation in the region and the world and this has led to political problems for the regional countries and Iran as well. The article by an analytical-explanatory approach intends to examine the major determinants and performance of Islamic Republic of Iran in BARJAM (joint comprehensive plan of action) agreement within the framework of securitization and non-securitization. The present article tries to emphasize on the impact of BARJAM before and after this important agreement. BARJAM with its features led to a considerable change in the position of Islamic Republic of Iran. BARJAM showed Iran's position has been accepted by international community. The Iranian government has placed in the agenda normalization of her relations with West, so that it enables her to reconstruct her position in the region and the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Scope and Horizon of the Relations of Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey (2011-2021)
حسین یارمحمدیان Ali Omidi Shahrooz EbrahimiAbstract: The present article first describes the ups and down of relations of Iran and Turkey and it explains how Justice and Development Party’s gradual distancing from secular Kamalist military establishment led to expansion of diplomatic relations between Iran MoreAbstract: The present article first describes the ups and down of relations of Iran and Turkey and it explains how Justice and Development Party’s gradual distancing from secular Kamalist military establishment led to expansion of diplomatic relations between Iran and Turkey after 2002. Then the article focuses its attention on Arab uprising which led to a gulf between Iran and Turkey. The article by a descriptive-analytical method and by making use of the puzzle of security theory raises the question that “ what factors and issues leads to erosion of Iran and Turkey relations and how these factors act in coming future?” The hypothesis is that from geographical aspect both are affected by the fragile political situations in the Middle East and in particular in Iraq and Syria and therefore both the countries want to influence political and security developments in Fertile Crescent of Iraq and Syria. From identity point of view each country wants to expand its own values and ideology and direct the social and political groups related to themselves residing in strategic regions and in this way they want to play an active role in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Energy Security Policy of the United States and Geopolitics of Iran’s Energy
عنایت اله یزدانی بهمن ربیعی نیا حسین مهدیانAbstract: The energy relations of Iran and the United States are having a different pattern comparing to energy relations of Iran with other energy consumers of the world. Iran is the second largest country with hydrocarbon reserves and the United States is the biggest MoreAbstract: The energy relations of Iran and the United States are having a different pattern comparing to energy relations of Iran with other energy consumers of the world. Iran is the second largest country with hydrocarbon reserves and the United States is the biggest consumer of energy in the world. The energy relations of both the countries are related to the existing political problems between them and are based on confrontation. At present the most important determinant affecting the energy relation of Iran is political obligations. The strategic place of energy security for national security of both Iran and the United States and Iran’s high vulnerability about the energy relations and an economy mainly based on the sale of oil and the existing political hostility between the two have caused more sensitivity towards each other’s policies. The present article by a descriptive-analytical method wants to examine and analyze the impact of energy policy of the United States on geopolitics of energy of Iran in the contexts of energy sanctions (sale, foreign investment and energy pipelines) and the increase of world production. The place of both the countries in geopolitical structure of world shows this fact that in most cases the actions of the United States is in the direction of limiting the geopolitical place of Iran and Iran’s reaction to the above said policies is to neutralize or reduce the impact of the policies of the United States. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - An Alternative Look at the Foundation of IR of Iran's Foreign Relations: Its Strategic Culture during (1979-1989)
Homeira Moshirzadeh Majid KafiAbstract: The present article tries to analyze Iran's strategic culture in the immediate post revolution era i.e. the first decade after the formation of Islamic Republic of Iran, a period which is highly influenced by the late leader of the revolution, Imam Khomeini, MoreAbstract: The present article tries to analyze Iran's strategic culture in the immediate post revolution era i.e. the first decade after the formation of Islamic Republic of Iran, a period which is highly influenced by the late leader of the revolution, Imam Khomeini, as the major decision maker in the country. The authors by a scientific method have drawn a comprehensive picture of the strategic culture of Iran on the basis of Imam Khomeini's perception. The article seeks to discover the main components and features of strategic culture in this period through a study of thirty three speeches of Imam Khomeini. These speeches are analyzed in order to show the cognitive map of Imam Khomeini about important issues. It is assumed that this cognitive map can reveal the connection among various factors that would lead to peace and security. The above cognitive map shows a distinctive approach to the issues of threat and defense. Although components such as emphasis on national power, military strength, national spirit and popular support are more conventional, elements such as the will of God, martyrdom seeking, justice seeking and other related values give this culture a particular distinctiveness. It is argued that distinctiveness can be seen as a model for an Iranian theory of security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - A Study of the Role of Identity in Relationship between Islamic Republic of Iran and the European Union
Gholamreza Karimi محسن کشوریانAbstract The political and economic influence of Islamic Republic of Iran and European Union in world and regional interaction can provide a suitable ground for expansion of cooperation and integration between the two but during the past three decades the relations bet MoreAbstract The political and economic influence of Islamic Republic of Iran and European Union in world and regional interaction can provide a suitable ground for expansion of cooperation and integration between the two but during the past three decades the relations between the two sides not only had great ups and downs but in certain period it had been strained. The purpose of the present article is to examine the role of identity elements that affect the relations of Iran and European Union and also the impact of social and identity element as disintegrative factors in relation between the two. The assumption is that after the Islamic revolution the relations between Islamic Republic of Iran and European Union have been influenced by factors like identity, culture, values, norms and inter-subjective concepts. These influencing factors have led to different outlook and viewpoint towards global problems and pessimistic view towards each other which act as disintegrative factor in bilateral relations. The reason is that the values and norms of Islamic Republic of Iran are derived from Islamic-revolutionary identity which has formed after Islamic revolution. On the other hand the European Union values are based on European identity, liberal Western values and secularism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Alternative Scenarios of Iran vs. Saudi Arabia’s Regional Coalition-Building among Arab Countries: (2011-2019)
davoud ahmadzadeh Kayhan Barzegar Hamid hmadi Asadollah Athari MarianAbstractCurrent developments in the Middle East indicate a high probability of tension in the region which provided the basis for regional coalitions. In a way that, Saudi Arabia, as one of the major players in the Middle East region and the main competitor of the Islam MoreAbstractCurrent developments in the Middle East indicate a high probability of tension in the region which provided the basis for regional coalitions. In a way that, Saudi Arabia, as one of the major players in the Middle East region and the main competitor of the Islamic Republic of Iran, has sought to increase its regional influence in the major conquest centers. In this regard, the main question of the research is that, what alternative scenarios does Iran face in dealing with Saudi regional coalitions in the years after 2011? Considering Saudi Arabia's regional alliance in the Middle East against Iran, Alternative Scenarios of the Islamic Republic of Iran are at the Micro Level (Yemen Crisis) Consolidation of Ansarollah's Position in the country’s Political System, at the regional level, creating gaps in regional coalitions and at the trans-regional level, the deterioration and reinforcement of Iranian cultural diplomacy. This study is based on future research methodologies and based on the deductive approach and the use of Peter Schwartz's Global Business Network Improvement Model. Keywords: Iran, Saudi Arabia, Scenario Building, Coalition Building, Arab Countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - A Survey of the Attitudes of Americans and Iranians toward Iran’s Nuclear Issue
جلیل بیات سید جلال دهقانی فیروزآبادیAbstract Most studies done about the nuclear program of Iran have used realism as theoretical framework to deal with relations of states and statesmen. They have neglected the impact of ideational elements like social inclination, attitudes and the social context. One MoreAbstract Most studies done about the nuclear program of Iran have used realism as theoretical framework to deal with relations of states and statesmen. They have neglected the impact of ideational elements like social inclination, attitudes and the social context. One of the ideational forces which has impact on politics is beliefs and attitudes in the society which they call it public opinion. From the viewpoint of constructivist all the social phenomenon including foreign policy decisions are socially constructed. This rule applies to nuclear issue of Iran as well. Since political decisions are not made in vacuum, they are strongly influenced by values and norms of the society. The present article wants to examine and analyze the United States and Iran's point of view on Iran's nuclear issue based on public opinion polls and surveys which were conducted in both countries and it also tries to find out how they affect and shape the views and perceptions of the decision makers in both the countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - تحولات سوریه و نقش راهبردی ایران؛ توازن منطقه‌ای و چشم انداز سیاست خارجی ایران
حیدر لطفی محسن قندالی مجید پورمجلسی محمود رویان -
Open Access Article
21 - تأثیر همکاری‌های نظامی ایران و روسیه بر تحولات ژئوپلیتیک منطقه‌ای ایران
سیدمحمد صادق خسرو عزت اله عزتی رحیم سرور -
Open Access Article
22 - تحلیل ژئوپلیتیکی شبکه‌های قدرت در عراق پسا داعش: در راستای ارائه مدلی برای جلوگیری از نفوذ منطقه‌ای آمریکا
علی اصغر اسمعیل پور روشن -
Open Access Article
23 - نقش واحدهای ژئوپلیتیکی استانی در طراحی مدل اقتصاد شبکه‌ای در ایران: مطالعه موردی استان لرستان
حیدر لطفی سیاوش مرادی پور مهدی هنردوست -
Open Access Article
24 - نقش ایران و امریکا در امنیت خلیج فارس با تأکید بر دوران بعد از انقلاب اسلامی و استراتژی فرامنطقه‌ای ایران
ناصر اقبالی غلامرضا عاشوری عباس نجفی سجاد عالی فرجام -
Open Access Article
25 - بررسی زمینه‌های همگرایی و واگرایی ایران و عربستان در چارچوب جغرافیای صلح
یدالله کریمی پور حسین ربیعی سید محمد یعقوبی -
Open Access Article
26 - The Effects of Financial Integration on Total Factor Productivity In the Iranian Economy; Evidence for Vector Autoregressive Distributed Lag
masoud taherinia Ali Hassanvand Morteza HabibizadehAbstractFinancial integration through increasing the level of investment in countries can have many positive effects on macroeconomic variables such as employment, economic growth, increasing the volume of international trade and ultimately the productivity of countries MoreAbstractFinancial integration through increasing the level of investment in countries can have many positive effects on macroeconomic variables such as employment, economic growth, increasing the volume of international trade and ultimately the productivity of countries. This study examines whether fiscal integration in Iran can affect overall productivity growth and whether integration policies and subsequent fiscal integration can be among the policies that are needed. Should these countries adopt for their economic integration process? This study investigates the role and effects of financial integration on the productivity of total factors of production through the vector Autoregressive Distributed Lag during the period 1379-1398 for the Iranian economy. The results of estimating the model in the short and long term indicate a positive and significant relationship between financial integration and productivity during the selected time period. Also, variables such as trade openness and domestic investment have a positive relationship with productivity, but the inflation rate has had a negative impact on overall productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - بررسی تاثیر سیاست پولی و توسعه مالی بر تراز تجاری کشور ایران
رویا آل عمران سید علی آل عمران -
Open Access Article
28 - A comparative Analysis of Diplomatic Relations between Iran and Russia during the Administrations of Presidents Mohammad Khatami and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Zohreh Balazadeh Fahimeh GhaibiAbstract The relations between two administrations of Iran and Russia have been always accompanied by ups and downs in the last few years. Sometimes they have been so close that strategic co-operations have been issued, and some other they have been breaking in relatio MoreAbstract The relations between two administrations of Iran and Russia have been always accompanied by ups and downs in the last few years. Sometimes they have been so close that strategic co-operations have been issued, and some other they have been breaking in relations so as they have had frosty and strained relations. At the moment, there are some different and influential issues on the relations of the two countries among which are nuclear co-operation, military collaboration and economic terms. This paper aims at not only discussing the relations of the two countries after the Revolution of Islamic Republic of Iran, but also studying and analyzing their relation comparatively during the administrations of Mohammad Khatami and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from 1998 to 2010 (1376-1389) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Impact of Economic Interactions in the development of Iran and Tajikistan Relations
Manouchehr BoddouhiAbstract: During the recent years, the Iranian foreign policy has been faced with some changes especially in the Central Asian region. Among these countries, Tajikistan due to some commonalities including language, race, religion, culture and history has been very impo MoreAbstract: During the recent years, the Iranian foreign policy has been faced with some changes especially in the Central Asian region. Among these countries, Tajikistan due to some commonalities including language, race, religion, culture and history has been very important for Iran. The revival of old bonds between Iran and Tajikistan, which is based on mutual values, in terms of a realistic dialogue can make Iranian and Tajik peoples very close to each other. Development of relations between Iran and Tajikistan will depend on the economic interactions and cooperation between two countries. Economical sphere is the most important factor of cooperation between two countries and is supported by Tajik’s officials which the author attempts to argue about them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - A Survey on Nuclear Cooperation between Iran and Russia during Khatami and Ahmadinejad Periods
Davood Bavand Tahereh MirzaeeRussian and Iranian foreign policy in history has been based on alerts and news. If you look to the new era of relations between Iran and Russia, these relationships are formed around a core fundamental as “nuclear cooperation”. Nuclear cooperation between I MoreRussian and Iranian foreign policy in history has been based on alerts and news. If you look to the new era of relations between Iran and Russia, these relationships are formed around a core fundamental as “nuclear cooperation”. Nuclear cooperation between Iran and Russia began when Tehran’s top priority was reconstruction and strengthening economic and security with the purpose of compensation for damages caused by the 8 years war with Iraq. In January 1995 Moscow and Tehran have signed a contract to complete the Bushehr nuclear power planet worth $800 million. Since the Bushehr contract, Washington constantly wanted to stop this 100- megawatt light – water reactor and is concerned that this facility will help Iran’s nuclear weapons. The main question, in this research, is that what was the result of cooperation between Iran and Russia on the Bushehr nuclear project during President . Khatami and President .Ahmadinejad? And to prove it, in this study, we hypothesized that cooperation between Iran and Russia during Per. Khatami was based on political – economic purposes and during Per. Ahmadinejad the military and security aspects became the top priority than political – economic aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Iran’s Relations with the UN after Victory of the Islamic Revolution
Mostafa Maleki Mojtaba BabaeiAbstract The record of Iran’s relations with the United Nations after the victory of the 1979 Islamic Revolution shows that Iran is currently not playing an active and effective role which it deserves in the UN. This is to a certain degree the result of the MoreAbstract The record of Iran’s relations with the United Nations after the victory of the 1979 Islamic Revolution shows that Iran is currently not playing an active and effective role which it deserves in the UN. This is to a certain degree the result of the policies of Iranian politicians toward the UN as well as efforts by world powers to prevent Iran from having an effective role at the international level. Nevertheless, the lack of a long-term, integrated strategy with carefully-designed targets to promote Iran’s position in the UN as well as the failure of Iranian politicians to use the country’s capabilities in lobbying over key issues in international institutions have also contributed significantly to a decreased role in the UN. The present article tries to study the current status of Iran in the UN and review the challenges and barriers that are blocking Iran from having an effective role in international institutions. It will also to look into the solutions to promote Iran’s positions in the UN. This is particularly significant from the viewpoint of Iran’s policy “to have a targeted and effective role in regional and international organizations and change the current norms in global relations based on Islamic values”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Iran, the Cultural and Literary Intermediary of Islam and India
Mohammad Bagher Zeinali Alli AelhamiAbstract Since the ancient times, Iran and India had many common characteristics which led Iran to be the cultural connector with India after Islam. Most of the conquerors of India were from Pars land and some of them settled MoreAbstract Since the ancient times, Iran and India had many common characteristics which led Iran to be the cultural connector with India after Islam. Most of the conquerors of India were from Pars land and some of them settled in the barracks. Since Pahlavi language and the Sanskrit had a lot of similarities and there were some 800 dialects and languages in India, people chose Farsi as their common language which caused the propagation of Islamic teachings in India. In this case, Iranians' merchants, sufis and Zoroastrian immigrants played significant roles. These preliminaries prepared a background for the formation of Iranian and Gurkanian governments which were the promoters of Persian language and literature. Gradually a civilization was established which consisted of Islam, India and major differences with mere civilization of Islam and Iran. Later, by entering of Iranian settlers, the central point , a combined civilization of Islamic-Iranian governments were formed in India. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - کسری بودجهی دولت و رشد اقتصادی کشور ایران « صفحات 1 تا 23»
رویا آل عمران سید علی آل عمران حسن علیزاده اصلچکیده هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تاثیر کسری بودجه­ی دولت بر رشد اقتصادی کشور ایران در فاصله­ی سال­های 1357 تا 1387 است. برای تحلیل موضوع از الگوی اقتصادسنجی خود توضیح با وقفه­های توزیعی[1] استفاده شده است. بر اساس نتایج به­د Moreچکیده هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تاثیر کسری بودجه­ی دولت بر رشد اقتصادی کشور ایران در فاصله­ی سال­های 1357 تا 1387 است. برای تحلیل موضوع از الگوی اقتصادسنجی خود توضیح با وقفه­های توزیعی[1] استفاده شده است. بر اساس نتایج به­دست آمده از این روش، تاثیر ضرایب متغیر­ها بر اساس مبانی نظری مورد انتظار بوده و همه­ی ضرایب متغیر­ها از نظر آماری معنی­دار است. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که در بلندمدت، کسری بودجه­ی دولت تاثیر منفی بر رشد اقتصادی دارد. هم­چنین نتایج بر اساس ضریب جمله­ی تصحیح خطا، حاکی از آن است که در هر دوره (هر سال) حدود 44/0 از عدم تعادل کوتاه­مدت، برای رسیدن به تعادل بلند­مدت تعدیل می­شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Role of Identity in the Relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia From 2005 to 2018 with emphasis on constructivism theory
Mehdi Shirazian Garineh Keshishyan SirakiThe Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia are important countries in the turbulent Middle East region. The fields of conflict and conflict in the two countries' relations go back to the past decades. But in the aftermath of the Islamic Revolution, and especially in MoreThe Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia are important countries in the turbulent Middle East region. The fields of conflict and conflict in the two countries' relations go back to the past decades. But in the aftermath of the Islamic Revolution, and especially in the last decade, the pattern of identity-based conflict has been ruled by the two countries. The critical centers of crisis in the two countries' relations lie in the conservative Wahhabi-Salafi-Arab conservative identity on the one hand and Iran's revolutionary-Shiite identity on the other. Identity has shaped the interests and security structure of the two countries in relation to each other. In Iranian-Saudi relations, along with other subjective factors such as culture, ideology, and objective factors such as geopolitical competition, energy, and identity, it is important. The role of the structure of the international system and the policies of the great powers in intensifying the identity conflicts between the two countries are also prominent. The research method in this study is qualitative in nature and in terms of fundamental and descriptive methods. This study, with the theoretical framework of constructivism, shows that the lack of a shared identity as a critical focus of the crisis lies in the two countries' relations and is an identity conflict that exacerbates and perpetuates other sources of tension and inequality between the two countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Word of Nihaštan (see, pay attention) in the Bakhtiari’s Dialect
behzad moeini sam sara mohammadi AvandiIranian dialects are connected like chain links, each of which has inherited some characteristics of ancient Iranian languages. These dialects are a continuation of the ancient Iranian languages that have their roots in the Indo-Iranian and Indo-European eras. Among the MoreIranian dialects are connected like chain links, each of which has inherited some characteristics of ancient Iranian languages. These dialects are a continuation of the ancient Iranian languages that have their roots in the Indo-Iranian and Indo-European eras. Among these dialects, the Bakhtiari dialect from the group of southwestern dialects is a continuation of Middle Western Iranian and Old Persian, which has inherited their grammatical, lexical, and phonetic features. Indeed, dialects show their originality and ancestry better, and in addition to cultural issues, their grammatical and lexical construction should also be researched. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the word nīhaštan (present stem: niher, niyyar) in Lori Bakhtiari, which does not appear in ancient texts but has remained in the dialect of Bakhtiari. Based on this, the working method is both to find the root of the word and the grammatical construction of this word, which ancient grammatical rule it followed. In the end, it was concluded that this word is derived from the root har and the construction of this word most likely follows the construction of the aorist stem. Manuscript profile
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