List of Articles Conceptual Framework

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  1 - Codification of The Conceptual Framework of River Valleys' Physical Resilience (Case Study: "Kan" River Valley, Tehran)
  Pantea Alipour kouhi Seyyedali  nouri Saeede Alikaei
  The Urban River Valleys are not only the interface between the city and nature, but they are also essential spatial places that carry urban context, local life, and other environmental characteristics. As a result, the design of urban river Valleys is one of the most im More

  The Urban River Valleys are not only the interface between the city and nature, but they are also essential spatial places that carry urban context, local life, and other environmental characteristics. As a result, the design of urban river Valleys is one of the most important strategies for promoting urban ecological systems, protecting socio-economic benefits, and increasing aesthetic values. This paper proposes the resilience concept to address the problem of natural hazards at the River Valleys while maintaining the environment's qualities. For this purpose, the focus is on applying the physical dimension of resiliency for presenting design qualities and indicators by studying the expected roles and qualities of urban rivers and the concept of resiliency. So at first, the Resilient Urban River Valleys Conceptual Framework has been codified, and dimensions, Components, and criteria of resilient River Valley design are proposed. In the next step, This Conceptual Framework is used to examine the quality of Tehran's Kan River Valley s Public Space using a SWOT matrix and develop design goals and strategies. Finally, this study stands on the notion that a place's resilience not only embraces formulating an immediate response to crises such as floods but also considers long-term mitigation and adaptation strategies and environmental qualities to face environmental challenges. In this perspective, reconnecting the community with the river through creating a favorable public space and using the natural potential of the rivers to confront the hazards is necessary. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
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  2 - The effect of the influencing factors on quality standards of streetscaps; an analysis of Tehran’s first rigon streetscape
  Roja Arjomandnia Heidar Jahanbakhsh Maryam Cheshmeghasabani Mohammadreza Mehrabani Golzar
  10.22094/lsj.2023.1983497.1087
  Urban facades play an important role in increasing the visual quality of the city and achieving visual pleasure. For this reason, the role of urban facades as the main elements of the facade can be seen. Elements of urban facades, along with designing methods, the struc More

  Urban facades play an important role in increasing the visual quality of the city and achieving visual pleasure. For this reason, the role of urban facades as the main elements of the facade can be seen. Elements of urban facades, along with designing methods, the structure of a single façade, and at the end, all the facades make a streetscape. The current research method is descriptive-analytical and generally is a hybrid research method that uses the paradigm of pragmatism. First, by inductive reasoning, the frequency of design components in the theories of 23 urban design theorists was collected. Then, the components of Tehran Region 1 municipal rules were added to other components. Using content analysis, the main indicators of the research have been categorized by the Q operating system method. In the experimental part, the open unstructured interview technique and the Delphi method were used as research tools to form the conceptual framework. The subjects of the first stage of the research included ten specialists and professors in architecture and urban design who were selected by snowball method. The components were categorized into three general categories: design components, design methods, and streetscape design norms to determine the hierarchy of streetscape design. In the next step, the research indicators were tested. A questionnaire containing 30 questions with a 7-option scale answer was given to 54 architecture and urban planning experts. In this questionnaire, the importance of each component has been discussed. Statistical information was collected from the given answers, and different statistical methods and tests were used to conclude using SPSS22 software. First, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for the reliability of the questionnaire. Then, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the data. Finally, the conceptual framework model was structurally compared with the help of Friedman's scoring test, and the statistical results were categorized and presented. Among the design components of the facade, there were 12 components. The precision in the design of these components is effective in achieving the desired streetscape. The most effective was the ground floor design to create harmony between the facades. The second important component was the precision in the design of the side facades of the buildings to have the desired streetscape. It is reminded that these side bodies (by the excuse of having neighbors in the future), without design or matching with the rest of the facades, make the buildings without design and cause inconsistency in the entire urban streetscape. Form and shape, design details and filled and empty surfaces were other effective components on the streetscape. Filled and empty surfaces, ground-level lines, openings, and facade lines were ranked fifth to eighth in importance. Skyline, material, color, pattern, and desired repetition were ranked 9th to 12th in importance. Factors were used to categorize and draw conclusions from statistical information from SPSS22 software. The research findings show that: • Using suitable façade design methods, façade design components can be transformed into a desirable streetscape with harmony, unity, and continuity, which are called streetscape design norms in this article. • The Urban streetscape norms include harmony, unity, and continuity. • The effect of the “ground floor design” component (with an average rating of 8.02) on improving the physical quality of urban streetscape is ranked first. • The “Side facades” component (with an average rating of 7.94) is ranked second. • The “Form and shape” component (with an average rating of 7.56) ranks third. • The “Design details” component (with an average rating of 6.98) is ranked fourth. • The “full and empty levels” component (with an average rating of 6.59) ranks fifth. • The “ground level line” component (with an average rating of 6.57) ranks sixth. • The “openings” component (with an average rating of 6.46) ranks seventh. • The “Outline” component (with an average rating of 6.41) ranks eighth. • The “Skyline” component (with an average rating of 6.36) ranks ninth. • The “Materials” component (with an average rating of 5.39) is ranked tenth. • The “Color” component (an average: 4.88) is ranked 11th. • The “Pattern and Repetition” component ( an average: 4.83) ranks twelfth. So, the most influential components belong to the design of the ground floor and the side facades of the buildings, Manuscript profile