Introduction: Marriage and the ease of doing it is one of the human needs, and this research was conducted with the aim of identifying the requirements for the realization of an easy marriage. Method: The study method is qualitative and based on the theme analysis approach. The studied population was elite women and female graduate students of Kermanshah province in 1402, and 12 of them were interviewed by theoretical and purposeful sampling, according to the principle of theoretical saturation. Collecting the required information was done with in-depth semi-structured interviews and their analysis was done with the Colaizzi's model. Findings: The analysis of information led to the emergence of three general topics of prerequisites, bases and necessary conditions (with 4 subcategories of marriage goals, religious and human values, resources and facilities, economic and social factors and conditions), technical factors and executive (with 4 sub-categories of supporting young people, guarantees, marriage parties and holding ceremonies) and works and results of easy marriage (with 2 sub-categories of primary works and results and secondary works and results)along with 90 sub-themes and 218 general concepts became. Conclusion:The examination of the requirements and solutions for the realization of easy marriage shows that the realization of this requires all-round cooperation and a jihad movement by public institutions and people, which is the basis for increasing the marriage rate on the one hand and strengthening the family foundation on the other hand.And it can be a useful model in various aspects of life, helping young people and families. Manuscript profile

One of the topics that has occupied the minds of most thinkers and even the public in recent years is the issue of divorce. Currently, this phenomenon in Iran is a social problem and has created many problems for individuals and families facing divorce. According to the nature of the subject and the desired goals, the present research is correlational descriptive research. The current research population includes all women who referred to counseling centers in Tehran in 1402. From among them, 300 people were selected through targeted and available sampling. Using Nolen Hoeksma and Maro's rumination questionnaire, self-harm (masochism) questionnaire, Leahy's emotional schema standard questionnaire and Collins and Ray's adult attachment style questionnaire and data analysis, it was determined that there is a difference between secure attachment style and non-suicidal self-harm in Divorced women have a significant negative correlation. There is a positive and significant correlation between anxious insecure attachment style, rumination, neurotic defense mechanism and underdeveloped defense mechanism with non-suicidal self-harm in divorced women, and there is no significant correlation between avoidant insecure attachment style and non-suicidal self-harm in divorced women. As a result, considering the family problems in the society and the increase in the rate of divorce, identifying the influential and related factors and planning trainings based on these findings can be effective in preventing non-suicidal thoughts and acts of self-harm. Manuscript profile

The aim of this study was to predict marital distress ‎based on emotional schemas with the mediation of ‎communication aggression in young couples. This ‎research was non-experimental and correlational. The ‎statistical population of this study consisted of all ‎young couples in the first and second regions of Urmia ‎city in the first three months of 2022. The sample size ‎was 186 people using Green's(1991) formula, which ‎was selected by simple random method. To collect ‎data, the Vismen et al.'s Marital Distress(2009), ‎Leahy's Emotional Schemas(2002), and Nelson and ‎Carroll's Communication Aggression(2006) ‎questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed using ‎structural equation method in AMOS. The results ‎showed that the effect of emotional schemas on marital ‎distress has a direct and significant effect. ‎Communication aggression has a direct and significant ‎positive effect on marital distress. The effect of non-‎adaptive emotional schemas on communication ‎aggression is positive, while the effect of adaptive ‎emotional schemas on this variable is negative. The ‎indirect effect of non-adaptive emotional schemas on ‎communication aggression is positive, while the ‎indirect effect of adaptive emotional schemas on this ‎variable is negative‏.‏‎ Therefore, marital distress can be ‎predicted based on emotional schemas and with the ‎mediation of communication aggression in young ‎couples.‎ Manuscript profile

The structure of the family is constantly evolving, in which step-parents play a fundamental and undeniable role in the course of its evolution. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between resilience and sexual knowledge with marital intimacy in couples with stepchildren in 1401 in Kermanshah city. The current research is descriptive of the correlation type. Method: The statistical population includes all couples with stepchildren in the city of Kermanshah, which were selected using the accessible sampling method of 200 parents based on the inclusion criteria. To collect data, Walker and Thompson's (1983) Marital Intimacy Questionnaires, Granfsky et al.'s (2001), Conner and Davidson's Resilience (2003), Ann Hooper's Sexual Knowledge (1992) questionnaires were used. IBM AMOS 24 software was used for data analysis. Findings: The results showed that resilience and sexual knowledge directly have a significant relationship with marital intimacy (p≥0.05). Also, the results showed that cognitive emotion regulation has a significant relationship with marital intimacy in couples with stepchildren (p≥0.05). Other results showed that cognitive emotion regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between resilience and sexual knowledge with marital intimacy in couples with stepchildren (p≥0.05). Conclusion: Based on this, it can be concluded that since troubled relationships and problems between couples affect children, paying attention to the intimacy of couples and teaching structures such as resilience, sexual knowledge, and helping to regulate emotions in couples can help create intimacy between couples. Be influential with the stepchild. Manuscript profile

Purpose: The present research was conducted with the purpose of investigating the relationship between the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle and the relationship pattern with the quality of married life. Method: In terms of purpose, the present research is part of applied research, in terms of the nature of data, it is part of quantitative research, and in terms of descriptive collection method, it is of correlation type. The statistical population of the research included all married women working in culture in Nahavand city in 1402-1403 in the number of 682 people, 248 people were selected by systematic random sampling using Morgan's table. The research tools included Christensen and Salawi couple's communication patterns questionnaire(1984), Busby et al.'s marital quality scale (1995), Kaviani's Islamic lifestyle questionnaire(2013), and Christensen and Salawi's couple communication patterns questionnaire(1984). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. Findings: The Pearson correlation results showed a positive and significant relationship between the quality of married life and Islamic lifestyle(r=0.799),and the mutually constructive relationship(r=0.232)and between the quality of married life and the relationship between expectation/aside. Acceptance(r=-248) and mutual avoidance(r=0.110)have a negative and significant relationship (p/>01).Also, multiple regression showed that Islamic lifestyle variables predict0.74%, 0.24% mutual constructive relationship, 0.22% negative expectation/withdrawal relationship and0.11%negative mutual avoidance relationship predict marital life quality. Conclusion: From these findings, it can be concluded that working married women who choose the Islamic lifestyle and use constructive patterns of communication in their marital relationships will achieve a higher level of quality of life in their married life. Manuscript profile

Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the moderating role of conflict resolution styles in relation to marital conflicts and emotional divorce. Method: The method of research was correlation and statistical community, including married men and women of Mashhad city in the period from May to July 2019, and 265 people were selected by available sampling method and were asked Gutman's Emotional Divorce Questionnaire (2010), Sanai and Barati's Marital Conflict Scale (1997) and the second version of Rahim's Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnaire (1983). Findings: The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that all components of marital conflict have a positive and significant correlation with emotional divorce and a significant negative correlation with constructive conflict resolution style. Also, there is a significant negative relationship between constructive conflict resolution style and emotional divorce. In addition, based on the results of hierarchical regression, the use of constructive conflict resolution style has a moderating role between marital conflicts and emotional divorce. Conclusion: The results showed that marital conflicts can predict the reduction of emotional divorce by modulating people's use of constructive conflict resolution style. Therefore, people using constructive conflict resolution styles, despite experiencing marital conflicts, are less likely to experience coldness in the relationship and emotional divorce. Manuscript profile

Introduction: Marriage is seen as the initial step in starting a family, but nowadays there seems to be a fear or avoidance of this commitment among young people, particularly those who are educated. The purpose of this research was to determine the model of gamophobia among young people based on existential anxiety with the mediation of psychological hardiness. Methods: The current study is applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive correlational data collection method was used. The statistical population of the research included all students of the Islamic Azad University, Sardasht branch. The research sample was 358 students who participated in the research online and through available sampling method. Data collection tools included Richard's Gamophobia Questionnaire (2007), Good and Good Existential Anxiety Questionnaire (1974) and Ahvaz Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire (2017). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation method and path analysis through Smart-pls3 software. Results: The results indicated that the direct effect of existential anxiety was 0.609 and its indirect effect through psychological hardiness was 0.498 and the direct effect of existential anxiety on psychological hardiness was 0.309 and the direct effect of psychological hardiness on gamophobia was 0.320 significant (P˂ 0.01). Conclusion: Therefore, psychological hardiness can play a mediating role between existential anxiety and gamophobia. In this context, counseling and psychology specialists can consider this issue in pre-marriage counseling and even formulate interventions to reduce the gamophobia.According to Allameh (2017), many young people about to get married are experiencing anxiety and apprehension about the prospect of marriage and its associated challenges. Marriage phobia, also known as gamophobia, is a condition in which an individual is hesitant to commit and enter into a stable and honest relationship with another person. This involves making an agreement to remain committed for a long-term period (Soheili-nejad, 2021).According to research (Rezai, Rezapour-Mirsaleh, & Aryanpour, 2023), the increase in gamophobia related to this is associated with a decrease in existential anxiety. Regrettably, in recent times, existential anxiety has been on the rise in younger generations, causing significant psychological harm. This type of anxiety often results in isolation and the withdrawal of young people from their communities (Hossieni Abardeh & Ninam, 2021), which can lead to gamophobia among them.On the other hand, another variable that can be related to anxiety is hardiness (Bakhshipour & Fardin Far, 2022). One's mental health is affected by various factors, including psychological hardiness. Individuals with high psychological hardiness perceive stressful situations as challenges to be faced, according to research (Kowalski & Schermer, 2019). As a result, the problem of the present research was to test the mediating role of psychological hardiness in the relationship between existential anxiety and gamophobia.MethodologyThis research is focused on applying a structural equation model. The study gathered data from Islamic Azad University students, Sardasht branch with a sample size of 380 selected using available sampling method. To collect data, three standard questionnaires were used: Richard's Gamophobia Questionnaire (2007), the Good and Good Existential Anxiety Questionnaire (1974), and the Ahvaz Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire (2017). The data was analyzed using PLS software.ResultsAccording to Table 1, among the participants, the highest age frequency was related to the age group of 25-31 and the lowest frequency was related to 46-48.The results indicated that there is a relationship between existential anxiety and psychological hardiness, the hypothesis was confirmed with 99% confidence (T=5.695, p=0.000) (p˂0.01). There is a relationship between existential anxiety and gamophobia; the hypothesis was confirmed with 99% confidence (T=19.844, p=0.000) (p<0.01). There is a relationship between psychological hardiness and gamophobia; the hypothesis was confirmed with 99% confidence (T=6.026, p=0.000) (p˂0.01).DiscussionThe first hypothesis showed that existential anxiety is related to gamophobia with the mediation of psychological hardiness. Regarding the relationship between existential anxiety and psychological hardiness, the findings of the present study are in line with previous studies (Gasiorowska, Zaleskiewicz & Kesebir, 2018).The second research hypothesis indicated that existential anxiety is related to psychological hardiness. Regarding the relationship between existential anxiety and psychological hardiness, the findings of the present study are consistent with previous studies (Maddi, Deorah, Khoshaba & et al, 2010).The third hypothesis of the research indicated that psychological hardiness is related to the gamophobia.ConclusionThe results of this research can help marriage and family counselors and also help colleagues and researchers for future research in determining the relationships of gamophobia. One limitation of this research was the absence of sufficient background information, making it challenging to clarify certain assumptions. Additionally, the use of questionnaires and quantitative data without measuring qualitative variables relating to gamophobia is another limitation that may impact the generalization of the findings. After analyzing the results, it is recommended to conduct training workshops for students to enhance their psychological resilience. AcknowledgementsWe extend our sincere gratitude to the students and officials of Islamic Azad University, Sardasht branch for their active participation in our research. Their cooperation is greatly appreciated. FundingThe article is taken from the doctoral dissertation of the first author entitled "Investigating the Relationship between Self-Esteem, Existential Anxiety and Conflict Resolution Styles with Gamophobia with the Mediation of Psychological Hardiness of Students of Islamic Azad University, Sardasht Branch." The study was conducted at the personal expense of researchers.Ethics approval and consent to participate All participants voluntarily completed an informed consent form to participate in the study and were assured that the questionnaires would be anonymous and completely confidential.Conflict of interest: Researchers allow the journal to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.  Manuscript profile

 Introduction: Divorce is one of the stressful experiences of the family that can lead to conflict and incompatibility between couples. The purpose of this research was to Comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy on tolerance of uncertainty of divorced women referring to welfare. Methods: The method of this research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population consists of all the women who referred to the welfare of Tabriz city in the second half of 1402-1401, of which 60 people were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (20 people in each group) by random sampling. The pre-test and post-test were conducted after the treatment interventions based on acceptance and commitment and schema therapy. McLean's tolerance of uncertainty questionnaire (1993) was used to collect data and multivariate analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the hypotheses. Results: The results showed that both interventions were effective on the tolerance of uncertainty variable (p<0.05). According to the results of the present study, there was a difference between the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy in the dependent variable, and the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy was more than schema therapy. Conclusion: The results of the present study show that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment plays a role in increasing the tolerance of uncertainty and improving the condition of divorced women.Extended AbstractIntroductionDivorced women are among the most vulnerable groups in society, who face mental, psychological, social, economic and cultural difficulties and disabilities. Divorce is the most common manifestation of severe conflict, and more than half of the couples who seek counseling end up getting divorced. According to official statistics in Iran, out of every 1000 marriages, about 200 cases lead to divorce. According to the statistics of the Civil Registration Organization of the country in 2019, the growth rate of divorce in Iran was about 3.6% compared to 2018. Therefore, divorce is the most important threat to the foundation of the family, and it is very important to pay attention to issues related to divorce and women who suffer from it. It is clear that divorce is one of the factors that cause disruption and confusion in people's lives. The decision to divorce is the result of intense internal pressure (such as ambiguity tolerance) on at least one spouse, which may occur through unmet needs. Divorce occurs when couples fail to meet the attachment needs of security, safety, and satisfaction of each other, that is, the ambiguity and confusion of marital relations represents the failure of couples to establish a relationship with a secure attachment style. In this regard, one of the variables that is important in divorced people is tolerance of ambiguity. Ambiguity tolerance is defined as how people process, interpret and react to information from stimuli that are considered ambiguous. A person who has a high tolerance for ambiguity does not feel threatened or difficult in adapting to a new and fresh environment, because he has accepted the existence of a degree of ambiguity as one of the principlesof life and knows that our information is never complete for decision-making, and with patience and Boredom can recognize the ambiguous situation and find a solution, and divorced women probably feel more ambiguity and have less tolerance for ambiguity due to psychological disturbances. Also, most divorced women feel uncertainty and uncertainty about their future life and feel weak in the face of problems. This research uses treatment based on commitment and acceptance and schema therapy. Considering the importance of the ambiguity tolerance component in divorced women and considering that the psychological damage caused by divorce in women occurs chronically; This raises the need for psychological interventions. According to the above researches, the present study wants to answer the question that among the methods of treatment based on acceptance and commitment (ACT) and schema therapy, which one is more effective in tolerating the ambiguity of divorced women who refer to welfare?MethodologyThe method of this research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population consists of all the women who referred to the welfare of Tabriz city in the second half of 1402-1401, of which 60 people were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (20 people in each group) by random sampling. (Matched by gender, age range and educational and economic conditions). The pre-test and post-test were conducted after the treatment interventions based on acceptance and commitment and schema therapy. McLean's tolerance of uncertainty questionnaire (1993) was used to collect data and multivariate analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the hypotheses.ResultsThe number of 20 people in the intervention group of acceptance and commitment therapy and 20 people in the intervention group of schema therapy and 20 control people with mean (standard deviation) age of 28.87 (2.71) and 29.24 (2.93) respectively. and 31/63 (3/32) participated in this research. The default check of homogeneity of variances is established to tolerance of uncertainty (F=0.420, P=0.659). The Mbox test value was equal to 2.71, the corresponding significance level was equal to 0.51, and the assumption of homogeneity of variance-covariance matrices was established (p<0.001). Table 1: Mean and standard deviation of tolerance of uncertainty by group and timeTable 1 showed that the average tolerance of uncertainty in the acceptance and commitment group was 22.85 in the pre-test, which increased to 47.50 in the post-test. In the schema therapy group, the average score in the pre-test was 28.95, which increased to 42.90 in the post-test. In the control group, the average in the pre-test was 24.25, which increased to 26.55 in the post-test.Table 2: The results of the analysis of covariance in order to compare the effectiveness of the two interventions of acceptance and commitment and schema therapy on the scale of tolerance of uncertaintyThe results of Table 2 showed that there was a significant difference in the effectiveness of the two intervention methods of acceptance and commitment and schema therapy on tolerance of uncertainty (p<0.05). The significance level of the analysis of covariance test showed the difference in the effectiveness of the two intervention methods on tolerance of uncertainty.Table 3: Comparison of the adjusted means of the tolerance of uncertainty scale in the groups with the LSD testThe results showed that the adjusted average of tolerance of uncertainty in the acceptance and commitment group was 48.24 and in the schema therapy group it was 42.15, and the average of the acceptance and commitment group was 6.09 points higher than the schema therapy group and this difference was statistically significant and showed that the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment intervention on tolerance of uncertainty was greater than the schema therapy intervention (p<0.05). DiscussionExamining the findings of the research showed that there is a difference between the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy on the tolerance of uncertainty of divorced women referring to welfare, and the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy was more than schema therapy. The findings of the present study are consistent with previous studies (Aghili, kashiri, 2022).ConclusionThe results of the present study show that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment plays a role in increasing the tolerance of uncertainty and improving the condition of divorced women and can have implications for social support for these people.Finally, non-implementation of follow-up due to time constraints, small number of samples and targeted sampling method were among the limitations of the present study. It is suggested that in order to increase the generalizability of the findings, similar researches should be conducted considering long-term follow-up periods, with a larger number of samples and using possible sampling. According to the findings, it is suggested that therapeutic intervention based on acceptance and commitment be used as a beneficial intervention to improve and increase tolerance of uncertainty of divorced women in welfare and treatment centers. AcknowledgmentsWe hereby express our thanks and appreciation to the honorable directorate of Tabriz welfare admission, and all those who helped us in this research. FundingThe present research is taken from the doctoral thesis of the second author "Sajjad Alamardani Someeh" and without financial support.Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"This article is extracted from the specialized doctoral thesis of the first author in Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran" and has the code of ethics IR.IAU.TABRIZ.REC.1401.307 from the Ethics Committee of Tabriz Islamic Azad University Medical Sciences Branch. Conflict of interestsThe authors declare that there is no conflict of interest in this article. RefferencesAbu-Ras, R.,  & Itzhaki-Braun, Y. 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Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on reducing mental health problems due to crossover relationships in couples. Nasim Health, 5, 1 (17), 1-7. https://jfh.sari.iau.ir/article_654229.html?lang=faShorey, R.S., & Stuart, G.L, Anderson S. (2012). The early maladaptive schemas of an opioid-dependent sample of treatment seeking young adults: A descriptive investigation. Journal Substance Abuse Treatment; 42 (3): 271-8. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jsat.2011.08.004Tapia, G., Perez-Dandieu, B., Lenoir, H., Othily, E., Gray, M. & Delile, J. M. (2018). Treating addiction  ith schema therapy and EMDR in women with co-occurring SUD and PTSD: A pilot study. Journal of Substance Use; 23 (2), 199-205. https://doi:10.1080/14659891.2017.1378743Tahira, I., Sultan, T., Javeed, M., & Afzal, A. (2023). Social Adjustment of Divorced Women: A Study of District Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Social Sciences Review, 3(2), 940–950. https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.330Tamborini, C. R., Couch, K. A. and Reznik, G. L. (2015). Long-term impact of divorce on women's earnings across multiple divorce windows: A life course perspective. Advances in Life Course Research, 26: 44-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2015.06.001Twohig, M. P., Abramowitz, J.S., Smith, B.M., Fabricant, L.E., Jacoby, R.J., Morrison, K. L., Bluett, E. J., Reuman, L., Blakey, S. M., Ledermann, T. (2018). Adding acceptance and commitment therapy to exposure and response prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Research and Therapy, 108: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2018.06.005Twohig, M. P., Vilardaga, J. C. P., Levin, M. E., Hayes, S. C. (2015). Changes in psychological flexibility during acceptance and commitment therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 4 (3): 196-202. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.jcbs.2015.07.001Twohig, M.P., Abramowitz, J.S., Bluett, E.J., Fabricant, L.E., Jacoby, R.J., Morrison, K. L., Reuman, L., Smith, B.M. (2015). Exposure therapy for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder from an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) framework. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 6: 167-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2018.06.005Viskovich, S., & Pakenham, K. I. (2020). Randomized controlled trial of a web‐based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) program to promote mental health in university students. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 76 (6), 929-951. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22848Young, J. E, Klosko, J. S &,. Weishaar, M. E. (2015). Translated by Hamidpoor, H & Andoz, Z. Schema Therapy: A Practical Guide, Tehran: Arjmand. [Persian] http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1320-en.htmlYousefi Rad, A. and Zoghi, L. (2021). Improving the quality of life and psychological well-being of women on the verge of divorce with regard to communication skills and empathy: the mediating role of mindfulness. Police-social researches of women and family, 9, 2, 431-399. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/964176/faZemestani, M., Gholizadeh, Z., & Alaei, M. (2018). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Depression and Anxiety of ADHD Childrens' Mothers. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 8(29), 61-84. doi: 10.22054/jpe.2018.25533.1638Zhaleh K, Ghonsooly B, Pishghadam R. (2018). Effects of conceptions of intelligence and ambiguity tolerance on teacher burnout: a case of Iranian EFL teachers. Research in Applied Linguistics. 9(2):118–40. https://dx.doi.org/10.22055/rals.2018.13796Zolfaghari M, Nikooei F, Shahbazi Seyed Ahmadiyani A, Kohanroozamiri S. (2021). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy on Psychological Flexibility and Quality of Life of Divorced Women. MEJDS; 11 :208-208. URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-2737-en.html Manuscript profile

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of family-centered mindfulness on resilience and rumination of mothers of children with specific learning disabilities. Method: This quasi-experimental study was performed on a sample of mothers of children with specific learning disabilities in Qorveh city. Using the available sampling method, 30 people were selected as the research sample and randomly divided into two groups of 15 in the experimental and control groups and the experimental group was trained in mindfulness exercises. In this study, data were collected by rumination questionnaires (1991) and resilience questionnaires (2003) before training (pre-test) and after training (post-test). Results: The results indicated that the training of mindfulness exercises has significant effects in increasing the resilience and reducing the rumination of mothers of children with specific learning disabilities. Conclusion: The findings indicated that by teaching mindfulness exercises to mothers of children with specific learning disabilities, their resilience can be increased and their rumination rate can be reduced. Manuscript profile

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the role of resilience, emotion regulation and spiritual health in predicting suicidal ideation of women victims of violence during the coronavirus period. Method: The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population included women victims of violence who had referred to the psychological clinics of Isfahan city in 2021-2022 and among them 180 people were selected by the available sampling method, and they answered the questionnaires on resilience (Kunor and Davidson, 2003), emotion regulation (Garnevsky, Craig and Spinhaven, 2001), spiritual health (Palotzin and Ellison, 1982) and predict suicidal ideation (Aaron Beck, 1961). The research data were analyzed using the method of correlation analysis, multivariate regression analysis and through the SPSS-23 software. Findings: The results showed that suicidal ideation could be predicted by resilience, spiritual health and emotion regulation (p<0.05). Resilience has the greatest ability to predict the suicidal ideation of women victims of violence and it predicts nearly 32% of the suicidal suicidal ideation of women victims of violence, and the variables of resilience and spiritual health are simultaneously 39.5% of the variable of suicidal ideation of women victims of violence. predict Conclusion: According to the results obtained, it is important to pay attention to resilience, and spiritual health in educational packages to reduce suicidal ideation in victims of domestic violence.Extended Abstract IntroductionThe coronavirus first appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and in less than 3 months, the local epidemic turned into a global pandemic, forcing governments around the world to announce social distancing requirements and eventually quarantines. (Chan et al., 2020; Hill et al., 2021; Holshue et al., 2020; Mikaeili & Samadifard, 2019). which resulted in social, psychological and economic consequences, including an increase in cases of domestic violence (Campbell, 2020; Sánchez et al., 2020; Viero et al., 2021). addition, research shows that participants in quarantine experienced increased rates of suicidal thoughts (Hill et al., 2021). Suicidal thoughts is a broad term used to describe a range of thoughts, desires, and preoccupations. Thought is used with death and suicide (Harmer et al., 2022).Resilience against suicide is one of the topics of interest to researchers in the field of suicide. It prevents suicide in situations where suicide risk factors surround people. Some studies show that low levels of resilience are associated with suicidal thoughts (Chen & Kuo, 2020; McLaren & Challis, 2009) Another psychological construct that is effective in reducing suicidal thoughts is the cognitive regulation of emotion (Bedayat & Askary, 2020; Sepehreinjad & Hatamian, 2018). High emotional regulation skills can be effective in modulating and correcting emotional reactions and affect the cognitive processes involved (Ramezanzadeh et al., 2014).Research results show that one of the factors influencing the reduction of suicidal thoughts is spiritual health (Mehrabian et al., 2023; Mikaeili & Samadifard, 2019; Rahimi & Asadolahi, 2017). People who have spiritual health are capable, strong people. , have greater control and social support and have the ability to adapt to spiritual tensions and necessary interventions to adapt and deal with problems and crises (Cilliers & Terblanche, 2014; Mohammadi et al., 2018).The phenomenon of wife abuse is not accepted in any of the religions and societies. Therefore, treatment or prevention measures of domestic violence seem necessary. Considering the position of the family in societies, when talking about the institution of the family, intimacy, love, and peace immediately come to mind. The existence of peace in the family institution depends on having warm relations between the family members, especially the parents. Domestic violence against women is a hidden, chronic and widespread phenomenon in all human societies and has many negative effects. Therefore, by conducting such research, it is hoped to identify predictor variables of domestic violence and prevent its consequences. Also, by conducting the present study, which deals with explaining the influential personality factors (resilience, emotion regulation, and spiritual health) in the occurrence of suicidal ideation among women who are victims of violence against women, it is possible to quantitatively predict the probability of committing other crimes such as suicide based on these three variables. . Considering the novelty of this research, its results can strengthen researchers' attention to women victims of violence during the coronavirus epidemic. According to the existing concerns about the psychological consequences of the coronavirus and its increasing rate for women, the researcher in this research is looking for an answer to the question of whether resilience, emotional regulation and spiritual health can reduce the suicidal ideation of women who are victims of violence in the period predict coronavirus?MethodologyAccording to the nature of the subject, the present research was descriptive of the correlational type from the point of view of the applied goal and its method. The statistical population included women who were victims of violence who had been referred to the psychological clinics of Isfahan in 2021-2022 to receive counseling. and they answered the questionnaires on resilience (Kunor and Davidson, 2003), emotion regulation (Garnevsky, Craig and Spinhaven, 2001), spiritual health (Palotzin and Ellison, 1982) and predict suicidal ideation (Aaron Beck, 1961). The research data were analyzed using the method of correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and the statistical software package for social sciences )SPSS-23 software(. ResultsThe present study revealed that most of the sample's education includes 63 people (35 percent) with a bachelor's degree. Most of the sample includes 84 people (46.7 percent) who are housewives. Also, most of the people in the sample, including 82 people (45.6 percent), have one child. It was also found that the average age of the sample is 37.07 years and the average duration of their marriage is 6.79 years. In the following, we will examine the average of the research variables.Table 1. Descriptive indices of research variablesBased on the results obtained in Table 1; The mean of resilience, cognitive emotion regulation and spiritual health as predictor variables are 42.02, 63.19, and 102.82, respectively. The average variable of the research criteria including suicidal ideation is equal to 25.44. The results have also shown that the relationship between resilience, its dimensions, as well as cognitive regulation of emotion and its dimensions, and spiritual health and dimensions of this variable with suicidal thoughts in women victims of violence is significant (p<0.01).Table 2. Multiple correlation coefficient and F to predict suicidal ideation through cognitive regulation of emotion, resilience and spiritual health The results of the step-by-step regression analysis in Table 2 show that, in the presence of all predictor variables, and among these variables, resilience has the highest ability to predict suicidal ideation of women who are victims of violence. The findings of the above table indicate that resilience predicts 0.321 or nearly 32% of the suicidal ideation of female victims of violence, which according to the observed F (84.13), this amount is at the 0.001 level. It is meaningful. In the second step, with the addition of the spiritual health variable, the prediction rate of suicidal ideation of women victims of violence by two variables reaches 0.395. That is, two variables simultaneously predict 39.5% of the variable of suicidal ideation of women victims of violence, and the net contribution of the variable of spiritual health is equal to 7.4%, which according to the observed F (21.71), this amount It is significant at the 0.001 level. Table 3. The results of regression coefficients between predictor variables and suicidal ideation variableBased on the results obtained in table 3, among the predictor variables of the research, resilience variable (with t-statistic equal to 4.69) and spiritual health (with t-statistic equal to -4.61) can predict changes related to suicidal ideation of women victims of violence. nose According to the obtained standard beta coefficients, it can be said that by adding one unit to resilience and spiritual health, the standard deviation of suicidal ideation of women victims of violence is reduced by 0.35 and 0.32, respectively. Also, with the addition of one unit to the trust in individual and spiritual influences, 0.735 and 0.206 standard deviations of suicidal thoughts of women victims of violence are reduced, respectively. The results showed that for an increase of one unit in self-blame, 0.312 standard deviations were added to the suicidal thoughts of these women, and for an increase of one unit in the dimension of positive refocusing, 0.279 standard deviations of suicidal thoughts decreased in these women. Based on the results obtained, by adding one unit to religious health in women victims of violence, 0.557 standard deviations of suicidal thoughts is reduced.DiscussionThe results obtained from this research showed that resilience has the greatest ability to predict suicidal ideation of women who are victims of violence. In other words, resilience predicted 32% of suicidal ideation among female victims of violence. Also, resilience and spiritual health variables simultaneously predict 39.5% of the variable of suicidal tho ideation ughts of female victims of violence. . It was also found that emotional regulation has an effect in predicting suicidal thoughts, but the variable of cognitive regulation of emotion and its dimensions in step-by-step regression and in the presence of other predictive variables was not able to predict suicidal thoughts in female victims of violence. And it was consistent with the results of Zarei (1400), Kumar et al. (2021), Liu et al. (2021) and Rahimi and Asdalahi (2015). In explaining these results, it can be said that suicidal thoug ideation hts are a big medical and social problem. Also, during the spread of previous infectious diseases, the prevalence of suicide has increased. In particular, suicide rates were found to increase during plague outbreaks, during the Spanish flu of 1918-1919 in the United States, during the SARS outbreak in China among the elderly, women, and lower socioeconomic classes, as well as during The course is extended. Ebola infection in Africa (43-46). Mental, behavioral, financial and psychosocial issues related to the spread of COVID-19 may contribute to the increase of suicidal behaviors (39,40). Decades of research have focused largely on risk factors for suicidal behavior while ignoring protective factors such as resilience that may help address this important public health issue. Resilience is the capacity and dynamic process of adaptively overcoming stress and adversity while maintaining normal psychological and physical functioning ConclusionAs the studies showed, Zarei (1400), Sepharinejad and Hatmian (2017), Rahimi and Asdalahi (2015), Kumar et al. (2021), resilience is a protective factor against the risk of suicide. Women who have resilience have a higher concentration and attention to themselves and others, they show better cooperation with each other, they are interested in maintaining long-term relationships and are able to expand their skills (including conflict resolution) and women with high resilience are able to They have good control of their emotions and can make better decisions when conflicts arise. Limitations and SuggestionsThis research, like other research, faced challenges and limitations, one of the limitations of the research is that the statistical population is limited to the women of Isfahan city, so caution should be taken in generalizing the results to other communities. On the other hand, the sampling method in this research is non-random and available and among the women who went to the centers for counseling, which can affect the generalizability of the results. In addition, due to conducting the research in the conditions of coronavirus, caution should be taken from generalizing the results to the post-Corona era, and it is suggested to conduct similar research in other cities and in the post-Corona era. According to the results of this research, it is suggested to reduce suicidal ideation in women victims of domestic violence; Individual and group training programs should be held to strengthen resilience and coping skills and spiritual issues. AcknowledgementsWe hereby acknowledge and thank all the people who participated in the research and all those who cooperated in the implementation of this research. FundingThis study is derived from the master's thesis of the first author of the article and has no financial support. Ethics approval and consent to participateTo comply with the ethical principles, the necessary explanations about the objectives of the research were given to the participants and they were assured that their information will remain confidential with the researcher and the participants participated in the research with consent and knowledge. Conflict of interestsAccording to the authors of this article, there is no conflict of interest. References Bedayat, E., & Askary, M. (2020). The Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation Group Therapy on Emotional Regulation and Suicidal Ideation Strategies in Female Students With Major Depressive Disorder [Research]. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi Journal(RRJ), 9(1), 47-56. [Persian] http://frooyesh.ir/article-1-1631-en.htmlCampbell, A. M. (2020). An increasing risk of family violence during the Covid-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaborations to save lives. Forensic Science International: Reports, 2, 100089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2020.100089Chan, J. F.-W., Yuan, S., Kok, K.-H., To, K. K.-W., Chu, H., Yang, J., Xing, F., Liu, J., Yip, C. C.-Y., & Poon, R. W.-S. (2020). A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. The lancet, 395(10223), 514-523. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9Chen, Y.-L., & Kuo, P.-H. (2020). Effects of perceived stress and resilience on suicidal behaviors in early adolescents. 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Introduction:This study was conducted with the aim of cultural approach in modeling traits of borderline personality disorder in adolescents based on theory of mind: the mediating role of problem solving styles. Methods:The research method was structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all adolescents aged 15 to 18 years from schools in the five districts of Tehran in the academic year of 2018-2019, using the multiplicity sampling method of 352 adolescents, boys and girls, as a selection sample and borderline personality questionnaires (BPI) of mind-reading from They completed the eye images (RMET) and problem solving styles questionnaire. The data were analyzed with the help of SPSS and AMOS software and with the method of structural equation modeling. Results:The findings showed that theory of mind has an effect on borderline personality disorder traits by mediating problem solving styles in adolescents with a path coefficient of 0.68, theory of mind has an effect on problem solving styles with a path coefficient of 0.87. Also, problem solving styles have an effect on borderline personality disorder traits with a path coefficient of 0.65. Conclusion: Therefore, it is possible to reduce the pathological symptoms of people with borderline personality disorder by considering the cultural background of teenagers and by teaching problem solving skills.Extended AbstractIntroductionAdolescence, as a transitional and stressful period, which is also called a crisis period, is associated with disturbances that are not unlike the symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD). These symptoms, which begin at a young age and often in adolescence, develop in the person's family and cultural background and point to the lack of a stable sense of self, and the affected people, without having a stable identity, have severe emotional instability and often with They struggle with feelings of impulse control, extreme fear of abandonment, and low worth. Therefore, This study was conducted with the aim of cultural approach in modeling adolescent borderline personality disorder based on theory of mind: the mediating role of problem solving styles. MethodologyThe research method was structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all adolescents aged 15 to 18 years from schools in the five districts of Tehran in the academic year of 2018-2019, using the multiplicity sampling method of 352 adolescents, boys and girls, as a selection sample and borderline personality questionnaires (BPI) of mind-reading from They completed the eye images (RMET) and problem solving styles questionnaire. The data were analyzed with the help of SPSS and AMOS software and with the method of structural equation modeling ResultsThe findings showed that theory of mind has an effect on borderline personality disorder traits by mediating problem solving styles in adolescents with a path coefficient of 0.68, theory of mind has an effect on problem solving styles with a path coefficient of 0.87. Also, problem solving styles have an effect on borderline personality disorder traits with a path coefficient of 0.65.discussionTherefore, it is possible to reduce the pathological symptoms of people with borderline personality disorder by considering the cultural background of teenagers and by teaching problem solving skill Manuscript profile

Aim: The purpose of this research is to investigate the leve of effectiveness of pre-marriage educational- psychological package (Olson's model) on problem-solving styles of couples applying for marriage. Methods: The research method is quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test and follow-up design. The statistical population of the research includes people who referred to health and treatment centers for pre-marital counseling in Tehran, who applied for marriage in the first half of 2020. Ten centers were randomly selected and taking into account the possibility of dropping subjects, 20 people from each center (10 couples) were selected. The instrument of data collection was Cassidy and Long's problem solving style questionnaire (1996). Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The results indicated that the educational-psychological package before marriage has an effect on increasing problem-solving styles (self-confidence in solving the problem, avoiding the problem/closeness to the problem method and personal control) of couples applying for marriage, and this effect is stable in the follow-up phase. Conclusion: According to the results of the research, this psychological training package could be used to strengthen the problem solving skills of couples. Manuscript profile

Aim: Depressed women have psychological problems that require interventions such as behavioral activation to reduce them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of behavioral activation therapy on learned helplessness and psychological toughness in depressed women. Methodology: The research design was a semi-experimental pre-test post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all the people suffering from depression in Babol city who had referred to psychotherapy clinics in Babol city in 2019. Thirty people who scored medium to high in the Beck Depression Questionnaire were randomly selected and assigned into two groups (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group). The intervention group underwent 90-minute behavioral activation therapy from Leahy, Holland & McGinn (2002) in 8 sessions once a week in groups, but no action was taken in the control group. Quinles and Nelson's (1988) learned helplessness questionnaire and Ahvaz Kiamarthi, Najarian and Mehrabizadeh's (1999) psychological toughness questionnaire were applied to them. Data analysis was done with descriptive tests (mean and standard deviation) and covariance analysis using SPSS version 23 software. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results of covariance analysis indicated that behavioral activation treatment had an effect on learned helplessness (F = 49.24) and psychological toughness (F = 17.58) in depressed women (P<0.001). The amount of this effect in the variable of learned helplessness based on the square of the eta coefficient was equal to 52% and in the variable of psychological toughness, it was equal to 37%. Conclusion: According to the results of this research, behavioral activation can be used to reduce the psychological problems of depressed women and increase their toughness. Manuscript profile

One of the topics that has occupied the minds of most thinkers and even the public in recent years is the issue of divorce. Currently, this phenomenon in Iran is a social problem and has created many problems for individuals and families facing divorce. According to the nature of the subject and the desired goals, the present research is correlational descriptive research. The current research population includes all women who referred to counseling centers in Tehran in 1402. From among them, 300 people were selected through targeted and available sampling. Using Nolen Hoeksma and Maro's rumination questionnaire, self-harm (masochism) questionnaire, Leahy's emotional schema standard questionnaire and Collins and Ray's adult attachment style questionnaire and data analysis, it was determined that there is a difference between secure attachment style and non-suicidal self-harm in Divorced women have a significant negative correlation. There is a positive and significant correlation between anxious insecure attachment style, rumination, neurotic defense mechanism and underdeveloped defense mechanism with non-suicidal self-harm in divorced women, and there is no significant correlation between avoidant insecure attachment style and non-suicidal self-harm in divorced women. As a result, considering the family problems in the society and the increase in the rate of divorce, identifying the influential and related factors and planning trainings based on these findings can be effective in preventing non-suicidal thoughts and acts of self-harm. Manuscript profile

Aim: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and behavioral activation therapy on reducing negative emotional regulation and increasing positive emotional regulation in female patients with dysthymic disorder. Method: The present study was a semi-experimental one with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all patients with dysthymic disorder who attended the psychological clinics located in the 8th district of Tehran, 45 of whom were selected in a purposeful way and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The instrument of this research was the cognitive-emotional regulation questionnaire of Garnefski et al. (2002) with the validity of 0.73 to 0.88. For the first experimental group, metacognitive therapy (Wells, 2009) and for the second experimental group behavioral activation therapy (Dimidjian et al., 2008) were held in eight 90-minute sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed using mixed variance analysis and Benferroni in SPSS-26 software. Results: The results indicated that metacognitive therapy and behavioral activation therapy reduced cognitive-emotional regulation and its components at the end of the interventions and the follow-up period (p>0.05). Also, behavioral activation therapy is more effective than metacognitive therapy in reducing emotional cognitive regulation symptoms (p>0.05). Conclusions: Due to the effect of behavioral activation therapy on depression, it can be effective alone or with complementary therapy in reducing cognitive-emotional regulation and depressive symptoms in patients with dysthymic disorder. Manuscript profile