The process of political poetry after constitutionalism based on the opinions and opinions of Adib al-Mamalek Farahani

Subject Areas :

Rohollah Nabi Abdol Yousefi ¹ , Seyyed Mahmoud Seyed Sadeghi ² , Dr. Maryam Parhizkari ³

1 - Ph.D. Student of Persian Language and Literature, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
2 - Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
3 - Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran

Received: 2023-07-26 Accepted : 2023-10-04 Published : 2023-09-23

Keywords: Political poetry, Literary Arrays, Adib Al-Mamalek Farahani, Constitutionalism,

Abstract :

The literature of the Qajar era underwent fundamental changes in the structure of Iran's political, social and cultural spheres due to the constitutionalism movement. This modernity left a tremendous impact on the poetry and prose of this period. One of the most important features of the poetry of the constitutional era is the difference and type of vision of the poets towards the existing realities, which led to the creation of new themes. One of the most important themes in Persian poetry of the constitutional era is "freedom, homeland and justice". In this research, the author aims to investigate the literary arrays in the political poems of Adib al-Mamalek Farahani, using descriptive-analytical method and library tools. Adib al-Mamalek is one of the poets of the constitutional era and the awakening period, and most of his poems are about political and social themes. The results of the research show that Adib has used the literary arts in his poems to address the themes of homeland, freedom and justice, and because he was a religious person, in addition to paying attention to the hints related to Iran before Islam, he also paid attention to Iran during the Islamic period. Paying attention and regarding the issue of love for the country, his patriotism was not accompanied by hatred of Arabs. Recommendations for rule of law, criticism of ignorance and neglect, criticism of the inappropriate performance of the parliament, criticism of the judiciary and attention to justice are considered other poetic themes of Adib.