Determination of Leaching Efficiency Coefficient for Desalinization of Saline and Sodic soil in Veis Area, Khoozestan Province

Subject Areas : Farm water management with the aim of improving irrigation management indicators

Zahra  Behbahani Zadeh Rezaeyan ¹ (دانشجو دکتری فیزیک و حفاظت خاک؛ دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی؛ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی؛ واحد علوم تحقیقات؛ تهران؛ ایران)
Ebrahim  Pazira ² (استاد گروه خاکشناسی؛ دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی؛ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی؛ واحد علوم تحقیقات؛ تهران؛ ایران)
Ebrahim  Panahpour ³ (استادیار گروه خاکشناسی؛ دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی؛ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی؛ واحد اهواز؛ اهواز؛ ایران)
Narges  Zohrabi ⁴ (استادیار گروه آبیاری و زهکشی؛ دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی؛ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی؛ واحد اهواز؛ اهواز؛ ایران)

Received: 2014-10-26 Accepted : 2016-03-19 Published : 2016-06-21

Keywords: Intermittent pounding leaching, Spreyer leaching, Continues pounding leaching, leaching efficiency coefficient,

Abstract :

Increasing of population in the world caused overusing natural resources and land destruction. Salinization and sodification are two effects of land destruction especially in dry and semi-dry areas. Leaching of soil soluble salts in soil profile could be one of the most appropriate method to emend and reclaim saline and sodic soils. Determination of requisite water to reclaim this kind of soils and optimal management of water and soil resources are seems to be necessary. In this study, Examination of three different leaching methods including Continues pounding leaching, Intermittent pounding leaching and Spreyer leaching have been performed on saline and sodic soils in Veis area, Khoozestan. This examination performed on natural and intact soil culms with 1 meter height which are located in Polyethylene area with 15 cm diameter. The examined soil layers were 0-25, 25-50, 50-75 and 75-100 cm and the depth of leaching water were 25, 50, 75 and 100 cm. According to obtained results, and experimental method were found for estimation of each leaching method. Exponential model in Continues pounding method was defined as the best model based on better correlation coefficient and lower standard error. However, Intermittent pounding method showed lower utilized water for soil desalinization and better leaching efficiency coefficient corresponding with soil texture of the area. According to shortage of water and advantages of this method compare to two other methods, Continues pounding method will be appropriate for Veis Area.

References:

اسدی کپورچال، ص.، همایی، م. و پذیرا، ا. 1391. مدلسازی آب آبشویی موردنیاز برای بهسازی خاک‏های شور. نشریه حفاظت منابع آب و خاک، 2(2): 65-82.

پذیرا. ا. 1385. راهنمای کاربرد مدل‎های تجربی و نظری آبشویی نمک‎های خاک‎های شور. نشریه‎ی 359، سازمان مدیریت و برنامه ریزی کشور، 32-57.

پذیرا، ا. 1385. شوری‏زدایی تدریجی خاک به وسیله نفوذ عمقی آب آبیاری. چهارمین کارگاه فنی زهکشی، 21-38.

سالمی، ح.، و حیدری، ن. 1381. تعیین ضریب بازده آبشویی خاک‏های شور و سدیمی (منطقه رودشت اصفهان). مجله تحقیقات مهندسی کشاورزی، 3(10):61-74.

طاهرزاده، م.ح. 1380. مشخصات و طبقه‏بندی خاک‏های شور و سدیمی استان خوزستان پس از آبشویی. مجله علوم آب و خاک، ویژه‏نامه خاک‏شناسی و ارزیابی اراضی، 139-149.

علیزاده، ا. 1384. رابطه آب و خاک و گیاه. انتشارات دانشگاه امام رضا (ع)، مشهد، چاپ پنجم، 443-452.

محمدزاده، م.، همایی، م. و پذیرا، ا. 1392. مدلی کاربردی برای بهسازی خاک‏های شور و سدیمی. نشریه حفاظت منابع اب و خاک، 3(1): 43-59.

Allison, L.E., and Moodie, C.D. 1965. Carbonate. In: C. A. Black (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2, Monograph No. 9, Agron., Madison, WI, Pp: 1379-1396

Alizadeh, A., Bazari, M.E. Velayati, S. Hasheminia, M. and yaghmai, A. 2001. Using reclaimed municipal wastewater for irrigation of Corn. ICID International workshop on wastewater Reuse Management. September 19-20. Seoul, Korea, Pp: 147-154.

Anapali, O., Shahin, V. Oztas, T. and Hanay, A. 2001. Defining effective salt leaching regions between drains. Turk. J. agric, 25:51-56.

Ayres, J.E. and Schoneman, R. 1993. Long term use of saline water for irrigation. J Irrigation Science, 14: 27-34.

Behzad, M. and Akhoond-Ali, A. 2002. Investigation and presentation of desalinization and desodification experimental equations in Mollasani Region. Khozestan province. Scientific agriculture journal, 25(1):106-126.

Bouyoucos, C. J. 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle-size analysis of soil. Journal of Agron, 54:406- 465.

Corwin, D.L., Rhoades, J.D. and Simunek, J. 2007. Leaching requirement fore soil salinity control : Steady – state versus transient models. Agricul , Water Manage, 90(3):165-180.

Cote, C.M., Bristow, K.L. and Rose, P.J. 2000. Increasing the efficiency of solute leaching: impacts of flow interruption with drainage of the "preferential flow paths". Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 43: 191–209.

Gardner, W.R. and Fireman, M. 1958. Laboratory studies of evaporation from soil columns in the presence of a water table. Soil, 5: 244-249.

GIGR, G. 1999. Handbook of Agricultural Engineering. Land and Water Engineering ASAE, Vol. I.  Pp 123.

Gupta, S.K. 1992. Leaching of Salt Affected Soils. Technical bulletin No. 17, CSSRI, Karnal, India, 89Pp.

Gupta, S.K. and Pandey, R.N. 1980. The leaching efficiency criterion and its evaluation during reclamation of saline soils. J. International symposium on salt-affected soil, 18-21 Feb: 300-306.

Klute, A. 1986. Water retention: laboratory methods. In: A. Klute (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, PP: 635-662.

Kolahchi, Z. and Jalali, M. 2007. Effect of water quality on the leaching of potassium from sandy soil. J Arid Environ, 68:624-639.

Li, F. H., and Keren, R. 2009. Calcareous sodic soil reclamation as affected by corn stalk application and incubation: A laboratory study. Pedosphere, 19:465-475.

Martinez Beltran, J. 1978. Drainage and reclamation of salt- affected soils. Bardenas area. Spain. International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement. Pub. 24. Wageningen. The Netherlards, 321 p.

McLean, E.O. 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement. In: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney, (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2 :Chemical and Biological Properties. 2nd ed., Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Inc. Pub, USA, PP:199-224.

Metternicht, GI. and Zinck, JA. 2003. Remote sensing of soil salinity: potentials and constraints. Journal of Remote Sensing of Environment, 58(1-2):1-20.

Mohsenifar, K., Pazira, A. and Najafi, P. 2006. Evaluation of different types of leaching models in two pilots of south east Khoozestan province. 18^th World Congress of Soil Science, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 6Pp.

Mostafazadeh-Fard, B., Heidarpour, M. Aghakhani, A. and Feizi, M. 2008. Effects of leaching soil desalinization for wheat crop in an arid region. Plant Soil Envion, 54:20-29.

Nelson, R. E. 1982. Carbonate and Gypsum. In: A.L. Page (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part2. American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Madison, Wisconsin. USA,45-75.

Nielsen, D.R. and  Biggar, J.W. 1961. Miscible displacement in soils. I. Experimental information. Soil Science Society of America Proceeding, 215: 1–5.

Noroozi, A.A., Homaee, M. and Farshad, A. 2012. Integrated application of remote sensing and spatial statistical models to the identification of soil salinity: A case study from Garmsar plain, Iran. Environ Sci, 8(1):59-74.

Oad, F.C., Soomra, A. Oad, N.L. Abro, Z.A.  Issani, M.A. and Gandahi, A.W. 2001. Yield and water use efficiency of sunflower crop under moisture depletions and bed shapes in saline soil. Online J Biological Sci, 1:361-362.

Rahimi, H. 2005. The effects of leaching in decrease saline and sodic land in the margin of Kaveer Namak in Bajestan. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 88-96.

Raj, M. and Nath, J. 1980. Leaching of salts as modified by soil texture and quality of leaching water. Trans Isdt Ucds, 5:54-59.

Rajabzadeh, F., Pazira, E. Mahdian, MH. Mahmoudi, S. and Heidarizadeh, M. 2009. Leaching saline and sodic soils along with reclamation-rotation program in the mid-part of Khuzestan, Iran. Journal of Applied Science, 9: 4020-4025.

Richards, L.A. (Editor). 1954. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkaline soils. U.S Department of Agriculture. Handbook, No. 60.

Van Hoorn, J.W., and Van Alphen, J.G. 1990. Salinity control, salt balance and leaching requirement of irrigated soil. 26th international course on land drainage. Wageningen. The Netherlands, 96 p.

Walkly, A., and Black, I.A. 1934. An examination of the degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science 37: 29-38.