Comparison of Water -Performance Production Functions in Normal and Saline Soils under Wheat Cultivation (Case Study: Khouzestan Province)
Subject Areas : Farm water management with the aim of improving irrigation management indicatorsGholamreza Afshari 1 , Ali Gholami 2 * , Mohiaddin Goosheh 3 , Mehdi Nourzadeh Hadad 4
1 - MSc.Graduated Student of Soil Science, Ahv. C., Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 - Water Studies Research Center, Isf. C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
3 - Research Assistant Professor and Faculty Member of Soil and Water Research Department, Khouzestan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Training Center.
4 - Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran.
Keywords: sustainable agriculture, water use efficiency, wheat cultivation, yield,
Abstract :
Introduction: Due to the shortage of water resources in the country, it is necessary and unavoidable to adopt low irrigation methods and increase the efficiency of water consumption with the aim of increasing production per unit of water consumption and optimal use of limited water resources. Unlike traditional agriculture and conditions without water limitation, the optimal amount of water consumption is very important in relation to the yield of the crop.
Methods: This research was conducted in two separate but simultaneous experiments, one in non-saline soil (first experiment) and the other in saline soil (second experiment). In both experiments, the water treatments consisted of water amounts at two-meter intervals perpendicular to the spraying line, so that 5 treatments were carried out at a distance of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 meters from the sides of the spraying line and in three repetitions (totally 30 test plot) was created. In order to eliminate the slight effect of the possible slope on both sides of the spraying line and to enable a better comparison, 5 treatments with the mentioned intervals were placed on the right side and 5 treatments with the same intervals were placed on the left side of the spraying line. For seed germination and uniform growth of seedlings, the first two irrigations were carried out by surface method in controlled conditions of soil moisture and irrigation water amount.
Results and Discussion: The results of wheat grain yield in different irrigation treatments showed that although the amount of grain yield decreased by reducing the amount of irrigation water (distance from the spraying line), there was no statistically significant difference between the first and second treatments in this regard. On the other hand, the amount of water used in treatment 1 was 32% more than treatment 5, which led to an increase in wheat grain yield up to 48.5%. Meanwhile, the amount of water consumed in treatment 1 was 13.8% more than treatment 3, which was in the middle of the plots' distance from the water spraying line, and the amount of the product was about 17% more than treatment 3. In the fitting diagram of the function of water production-wheat yield, the relationship between the amount of irrigation water and wheat yield is a positive and significant correlation (r=0.891). This means that by increasing the amount of water, the yield of the product increases. Because this increase cannot continue to infinity, fitting the function of water production-wheat yield in the form of a parabola (Figure 4) was also done. However, the first and second treatments, which consumed 4270 and 3980 cubic meters of water per hectare, respectively, had no significant difference in wheat grain production. Of course, in this amount of water consumption, a yield of 4296 kg/ha was obtained, which is about 600 kg/ha (14%) less than the maximum expected yield from the curve (4925 kg/ha). The water-performance function curve in the second experiment shows that to achieve the highest efficiency of water consumption (1.1 kg/m3), the volume of 3900 m3/ha should be consumed. With this amount of water consumption, the crop yield will reach 4283 kg/hectare.
Conclusion: Due to the lack of available water resources and its increasing decrease in the future, the amount of water consumption for the production of agricultural products should be related to the yield of the product. Therefore, based on the results of the first experiment, which showed that in order to achieve the highest efficiency of water consumption, it is necessary to consume 4300 cubic meters of water per hectare, while to achieve the maximum yield, 5450 cubic meters of water per hectare should be consumed. On the other hand, in saline soil conditions, with an increase of 5% of water, the yield increases by 20% compared to treatment 1.
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