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        1 - Investigation of seed germination changes of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) during dormancy elimination
        hakimeh Rahimi Benjamin Torabi Elias Soltani farshid Ghaderifar
        In order to investigate the changes in cardinal temperatures of wild mustard seed germination during the dormancy elimination, a split plot experiment was conducted as completely randomized design in three replications in the Seed Research Laboratory of Agricultural and More
        In order to investigate the changes in cardinal temperatures of wild mustard seed germination during the dormancy elimination, a split plot experiment was conducted as completely randomized design in three replications in the Seed Research Laboratory of Agricultural and Resource University Natural Gorgan in 2017. The main factor was different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C) and sub-factor was different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA: 0, 100, 300, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 ppm). A dent-like function was used to describe the response of the germination rate to temperature. For different germination stages, the base temperature decreased from 2.9 to 3.4 °C in GA0 towards -1.2 to -2/0 °C in GA2000; the ceiling temperature was 25 °C at GA0 and increased to 33.3 °C in GA2000; the temperature tolerance range from 21.6 to 22.1 °C in GA0 reached 32.4 to 35.1 °C in GA2000. Due to cardinal temperature changes, the dormancy of wild mustard is a non-deep physiological dormancy type 1. Seeds with dormancy initially have the highest germination at low temperatures, and when they come out of dormancy, they germinate at high temperatures and the temperature range of germination increase. The estimated parameters in the present study can be useful in simulation models of seed bank and for further studies on the biology and ecology of wild mustard. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Investigation of seed germination of wild mustard during cold stratification
        hakimeh Rahimi Benjamin Torabi Elias Soltani Farshid Ghaderifar-Far
        In order to investigate the variation in cardinal temperature of wild mustard seed germination during the removal of dormancy, a split plot experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at Seed Research Laboratory of Gorgan Uni More
        In order to investigate the variation in cardinal temperature of wild mustard seed germination during the removal of dormancy, a split plot experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at Seed Research Laboratory of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2017. The main factor was different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) and different periods of chilling (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days at 5 °C) were assigned as the sub-factor. To describe the response of germination rate to temperature, a dent function was used. For different germination stages, the base temperature decreased from 2.9 to 3.4 °C in control seeds to 1.5 to 1.8 °C in 4 days chilling. Ceilings temperature in control seeds was 25 °C, which increased to 29.9 to 32.9 °C as a result of 6 chilling for 6 days. Due to cardinal temperature changes, the physiological dormancy of wild mustard is of type I. Dormant seeds originally have the highest germination at low temperatures, and they germinate at high temperatures after elimination of dormancy. Also, the germination temperature range increases. Estimated parameters in this study can be useful in seed bank simulation models and for further studies on wild mustard biology and ecology Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Application of hydrothermal time model to determine the cardinal temperatures for seed germination in wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) during dormancy elimination.0
        hakimeh Rahimi Benjamin Torabi Elias Soltani Farshid Ghaderi-far
        In order to investigate the variation in germination rate, cardinal temperature and hydrothermal time parameters of wild mustard seed in different water potentials were designed and implemented during the study in gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural r More
        In order to investigate the variation in germination rate, cardinal temperature and hydrothermal time parameters of wild mustard seed in different water potentials were designed and implemented during the study in gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources, in 2017 as a split plot done in a completely randomized design with three replications of the municipality. In this research, germination modeling was performed well. To describe the germination rate response to temperature in different potentials of water 0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8 MPa were used from the dent-like function. By applying different concentrations of gibberellic acid (100, 300, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm), the process of germination changes in the studied temperatures was incremental, so that the highest germination percentage was related to gibberellic acid 2000 ppm. By reducing the potential at each level of gibberellic acid, the base temperature increased and the lower and upper optimum temperature and the ceiling temperature decreased. The hydrotime coefficient in control seeds decreased significantly with increasing temperature and the water potential was increased. The hydrotime coefficient and base water potential increased with decreasing gibberellic acid. The results showed that the coefficients obtained by the hydrothermal time model were of relatively high precision and the constant value of hydrothermal time, base water potential and base temperature in control seeds were 1173.83 MPa ºC h-1, -0.09 MPa and 3.07 °C and for gibberellic acid with concentration of 2000 ppm were 315.57 MPa ºC h-1, -0.50 MPa and -1.22 ºC, respectively. Changes in the base water potential for 50% of germination in gibberellic acid 1500 and 2000 ppm treatments had a two segmented trend up to 20 °C so that it -0.7 to -0.6 MPa and increased above 20 °C the maximum value at 30 °C. Manuscript profile