Ocular signs due to hypernatremia

Subject Areas : Journal of Large Animal Clinical Science Research(JLACSR)

Received: 2021-07-06 Accepted : 2021-07-06 Published : 2008-12-21

Keywords: Hypernatremia, Ocular Signs, Cornea and Lens Opacities, Retinal hemorrhages,

Abstract :

Introduction: Disorder in drinking, fluid deprivation, severedisabilities, increase in water excretion from kidney and non-kidney routeand increase in salt consumption are the main causes of hypernatremia. Theobjective of this study was to determine ocular signs due to hypernatremiaMethod: 50 male Wistar rats, weighing 250 + 20 g were allocatedrandomly to 5 groups. Test groups consumed 2, 3,3.5 and 4 percent saltconcentrations respectively as potable water, control group used tap water;with similar living conditions for all groups. Ophthalmic examinations withslit-lamp and fundus camera were performed. Eye response to light andmanuel stimuli was considered. This experiment with similar condition wasdone on pig and rabbit.Result: Short time using of 2% salt solution was not associatedwith fast and significant ocular changes but its prolonged use accompaniedwith vascular damage and other ocular signs. Retinal and vitreoushemorrhages were observed 3-4 days after drinking 3% and higher saltsolutions followed by an increase in serum sodium level. Other ocular signsin test groups include: vitreous shrinkage, cornea and lens opacities, swellingof optic disc, blindness, vitreous collapse and finally phthisis bulbi.Conclusion: By hypernatremia and hyperosmolarity formation,vitreous lose some of its fluid contents and vitreous shrinkage lead tovascular damage, retinal and vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal detachment.Continuous hypernatremia brought conjunctivitis, corneal and lens opacities,swelling of optic disc, blindness, vitreous collapse and finally phthisis bulbi .

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