The effects of different levels of canola oil, lupin seed and garlic powder on performance, egg quality in laying hens
Subject Areas : Journal of Large Animal Clinical Science Research(JLACSR)
Keywords: performance, laying hens, canola oil, garlic powder, Lupin seed,
Abstract :
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of canola oil, Lupin seed and garlic powder on performance, and egg quality of laying hens. A total of 288 Hy-line (W-36) layer (37-wk of age) were randomly divided into 8 experimental treatments with 3 replicates (each replicate consisted of 12 birds) and arranged in a completely randomized design in the form of a factorial experiment 2×2×2 with two level of canola oil (1.5 and 3 %), Lupin seed (10 and 20%) and garlic powder (0.2 and 0.4). This study showed that adding different levels of canola oil, Lupin seed, and garlic powder to the diet of laying hens had significant effect on performance (egg weight, egg production, egg mass, feed conversion ratio). Egg production and egg mass significantly decreased by high level of Lupin seed (p<0.05). The highest egg weight (60.13 g) was observed in treatment containing 3% canola oil, 20% Lupin seed and 0.4% garlic powder. The egg production increased in treatment containing 3% canola oil, 10% of Lupin seed and 0.4% of garlic powder. There were no significant effects of different levels of canola oil, garlic powder, lupin seed, and their interaction on egg quality, and yolk cholesterol. In conclusion, using of appropriate levels canola oil (1.5 percent), Lupin seed (20 percent) and garlic powder (0.4 percent) in laying hens diets can be improved performance and egg quality.
1- پوررضا، ج.(1383): تغذیه‌ی مرغ، تألیف لیسون و سامرز، چاپ اول، انتشارات ارکان، صفحه‌ی 500 تا 526.
2- رضایی، م.، کریمی ترشیزی، م.، روزبهان، ی. (1387): تأثیر سطوح مختلف الیاف فرآوری شده و معمولی در معدنی شدن استخوان جوجه‌های گوشتی. مجموعه مقالات سومین کنگره‌ی علوم دامی کشور. دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد. صفحه‌ی82-76.
3- زرگری، ع. (1369): گیاهان دارویی، چاپ چهارم، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، صفحه‌ی131- 125و 191- 185.
4- شمس شرق، م.(1387): استفاده از سطوح مختلف باقلا با و بدون آنزیم در جیره‌ی غذایی جوجه های گوشتی، مجله‌ی علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، جلد پانزدهم، شماره اول.
5- Bedford, M. R., partridge, G. G., (2000): Enzymes in farm animal nutrition. CABI Dub. UK.
6- Birrenkott, G. G. E., Brockenfelt, M., Owens E., (2000): Yolk and blood cholesterol levels and organoleptic assessment of eggs from hens fed a garlic-supplemented diet. Poultry Science. 79: 75.
7- Celebi, S., Utlu, N., (2006): Influence of animal and vegetable oil in layer diets on performance and serum lipid profile. Journal poultry science. 5: 370-373.
8- Chowdhury, S. R., Chowdhury, S .D., Smith, T. K., (2002): Effects of dietary garlic on cholesterol metabolism in laying hens. Poultry Science. 81:1856-1862.
9- Corner, A. D., hulan, H. W., nush, D. M., Proudfoot, F. G., (1985): Pathological changes associated with the feeding of soybean oil or extracted from different rapeseed cultivars to single comb white Leghorn cockerels. Poultry Science. 64: 1438-1450.
10- Essman, E. J., (1984): The medical uses of herbs. Fitoterapia 55:279–289.
11- Folch, J., Less Solane, M., Stanley, G.H., (1956): A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipid from animal tissues. Journal Biochemical chemistry. 226:497-509.
12- Griffin, H. D., Perry, M. M., Gilbert, A. B., (1984): Yolk formation. In: Physiology and Biochemistry of Domestic Fowl. Volume 5. Academic Press, New York.
13- Grobas, S., Mateos, G. G., Mendez, J., (2001): Influence of dietary linoleic acid on production and weight of eggs and egg components in young brown hens. Journal Applied Poultry Research. 8: 177-184.
14- Grobas, S., Mendez, J., DeBlas, C., Mateos, G. G., (1999): Laying hen productivity as affected by energy, supplemental fat, and linoleic acid of the diet. Poultry Science. 78:1542–1551.
15- Grobas, S., Mendez, J., Lazaros, R., Blas, C. D., Mateos, G.G., De, B.C., (2001): Influence of source of fat added to diet on performance and fatty acid composition of egg yolks of two strains of laying hens. Poultry Science. 80: 1171-1179.
16- Hammershoj, M. Steenfeldt, S., (2005): Effects of blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) in organic layer diets and supplementation with foraging material on egg production and some egg quality parameters. Poultry Science. 84:723–733.
17- Hassan khan, S., Sardar, R., (2007): Effects of dietary garlic on performance and serum and egg yolk cholesterol concentration in laying hens.
18- Horniakova, E., (1997): Effect of different content of fat source on production and indices of egg quality. Proceedings of the 16th Scientific Conference of the Feedstuffs Research Poultry Production. 183-188.
19- Hy-line International Publication., (2006): Hy-Line variety W-36 commercial management guide. 2006-2008. West Des Moines, Iowa. U. S. A.
20- Jensen, L. S., Allred, J. B., McGinnis, J., (1958): Evidence for an unidentified factor necessary for maximum egg weight in chickens. Journal Nutrition. 65: 219–223.
21- Konjufca, V. H., Pesti, G. M., Bakalli, R. I., (1997): Modulation of cholesterol levels in broiler meat by dietary garlic and copper. Poultry Science. 76:1264–1271.
22- Lada, A. T., Rudel, L. L., (2003): Dietary monounsaturated fatty acids: this is really better for protection from coronary heart disease. Poultry Science. 95: 117-122.
23- Lawson, L. D., Ransom,D. K. , Hughes, B.G., (1992): Inhibition of whole blood platelet-aggregation by compounds in garlic clove extracts and commercial garlic products. Thromb Research. 65:141–156.
24- National Research Council., (1994): Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th ed., Washington DC, National Academy Press. pp: 44-45.
25- Perez-Maldonado, R. A., Mannion,P. F. , Farrel, D. J., (1999): Optimum inclusion of field peas, fava beans, chick peas and sweet lupins in poultry diets. I. Chemical composition and layer experiments. British Poultry Science. 40:667–673.
26- Petterson, D. S., (2000): The use of lupins in feeding systems -Review. Asian Australas. Journal Animal Science. 13:861–882.
27- Prinsloo, J. J., Smith,G. A. , Rode,W., (1992): Sweet white Lupinus albus (CV Buttercup) as a feedstuff for layers. British Poultry Science. 33:525–530.
28- Rahimi. G., (2005): Dietary Forage Legume (Onobrychis altissima grossh) Supplementation on Serum/Yolk Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Egg Shell Characteristics in Laying Hens. International Journal of Poultry Science 4 (10): 772-776, 2005.
29- Rowghani, E., Arab,M., Nazifi S. , Bakhtiari, Z., (2007): Effect of Canola oil on cholesterol and fatty acid composition of egg-yolk of laying hens. International Journal of Poultry Science. 6(2): 111-114.
30- SAS Institute., (1998): SAS User’s Guide: Statistics. SAS institute Inc., Cary, NC.
31- Sharma, R. K., Singh, R. A., Pal, R. N. , Aggarwal,C. K., (1979): Cholesterol content of chicken eggs as affected by feeding garlic, sarpagandha, and nicotinic acid. Haryana Agric. University Journal Research. 9:263–265.
32- Silva Filardi, R. D., Junqueira, O. M., Casartelli, A. C., Aparecida Rodrigues, E., Francelino Arau´jo, L., (2005): Influence of Different Fat Sources on the Performance, Egg Quality, and Lipid Profile of Egg Yolks of Commercial Layers in the Second Laying Cycle. Journal Applied Poultry Research. 14: 258–264.
33- Sim, J. S., (1990): Flax seed as a high energy/protein/omega-3 fatty acid feed ingredient for poultry. In: Proceeding of the 53 rd Flax Institute of the United States, Fargo. ND. pp: 65-72.
34- Safaa, H., (2007): Effect of dietary garlic or fenugreek on cholestrol metabolism in laying hens. Egypt Poultry Science. Vol (27) (IV): (1207-1221).
35- Stadelman, W., (1977): Egg quality of selected poultry breeds. Poultry Science. 20: 205-212.
36- Steenfeldt, S., Gonzalez, E. , Bach-Knudsen, K. E., (2003): Effects of inclusion with blue lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) in broiler diets and enzyme supplementation on production performance, digestibility and dietary AME content. 2003. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 110:185–200.
37- Van Barneveld, R. J., (1999): Understanding the nutritional chemistry of lupin (Lupinus spp.) seed to improve livestock production efficiency. Nutrition Research. Review. 12:203–230.
38- Viveros, A., Centeno, C., Arija, I., Brenes. A., (2007): Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Dietary Lupin (Lupinus albus var Multolupa) in Chicken Diets. Poultry Science 86:2631–2638
39- Warshafsky, S., Kamer, R.S. Sivak, S. L., (1993): Effects of garlic on total serum cholesterol. A Meta analysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 119:599–605.
40- Watkins, B. A., Mirosh, L.W., (1987): White lupin as a protein source for layers. Poultry Science. 66:1798–1806.
41- Weiss, J.F., Naber, E.C. , Johnson, R.M., (1967): Effect of dietary fat and cholesterol on the in vitro incorporation of acetate-14C into hen liver and ovarian lipids. Journal Nutrition. 93: 153-160.
42- Weiss, J.F., Naber, E.C., Johnson, R.M., (1967): Effect of dietary fat and d-thyroxin on the incorporation of acetate-1-14C into egg yolk lipids. Journal Nutrition. 93: 153-160.
43- Wycoff, S., Vohra, P., Kratzer, F. H., (1983): Nutriitional evaluation of fourvarieties of colored and one of white beans (Phaseolus vulcaris) for japanesequail. Poultry Science. 62: 1576-1586.
44- Yang, C. X., Ding, L. M., Rong, Y., (2000): N-3 fatty acid metabolism and effects of alphalinolenic acid on enriching n-3 fatty acid eggs. Journal China Agriculture University. 95: 117-122.
_||_