The survey of Kilka fish meal contamination to aflatoxin and its biological inhibitory by Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Subject Areas : Journal of Large Animal Clinical Science Research(JLACSR)
Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kilka Fish meal, B2, B1, G1 and G2 of aflatoxins,
Abstract :
The report of FAO showed that 25% of agriculture products are would be contaminated to mycotoxin that from these, aflatoxins are more important than to others. Aflatoxins are divided in B1, B2, G1 and G2 types and other classes such as M1 and M2 are derived from these. In the study, after examination of Kilka fish meal to aflatoxin in four meals processing plants of Mazandaran province, inhibitory effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on B1, B2, G1 and G2 were evaluated in two scales (culture media and Kilka fish meal). In culture media, were used from two concentrations of aflatoxin (12 and 16 ppb for B1 and 8 and 12 for other types) and two doses of the yeast (3 and 4%). In fish meal, were also two concentrations of aflatoxin (50 and 100 ppb for B1 and 25 and 50 for other types) and one dose of the yeast (4%).Changes of aflatoxins and the yeast growth were tested by HPLC and Spectrophotometer (OD: 600 λ), respectively. The results of the meal sampled from processing plants showed that mean of B1 in 1, 2, 3 and 4 plants was 0.96, 1.68, 1.30 and 1.21 ppb, for B2 were 1.79, 1.37, 2.03 and 1.50, for G1 were 0.76, 1.2, 0.94 and 1.54 and for G2 1.15, 1.03, 1.03 and 0.88 ppb, respectively. Culture media results were showed that B1, B2, G1 and G2 have been decreased to 90.6-92.7%, 89.8-94%, 98.8-97.3% and 94.8-95%, respectively (for 3% Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and 93.3-94.6%, 94.9-95.8%, 92.1-96.8% and 97.3-97%, respectively (for 4% Saccharomyces cerevisiae). In fish meal, B1, B2, G1 and G2 have been decreased to 85.91-90.79%- 87.05-87.70%, 91.85-90.66% and 89.66-91.47%, respectively. The conclusion were showed that the yeast was able to significantly decrease of four types of aflatoxin in culture media and meal and can be used as biological tool in different feed particularly fish meal.
1- خسروی، ع. مدیرصانعی، م. (1378)،مقایسه برخی از روشهای مورد استفاده در کاهش اثرات آفلاتوکسین برروی شاخصهای تولیدی جوجه های گوشتی مجله دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران، دوره 54 ، شماره 2، 66 -59.
2- سلمانی، ع. صفری، ر. غلامی پور ، س (1376). بهینه سازی تولید پودر ماهی کیلکا. گزارش نهایی. پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر.
3- محمدی، م. صفری، ر ( 1378) استفاده از کاندیدا کروزه ای به منظور کاهش افلاتوکسین در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و پودر ماهی. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه آزاد واحد بندرعباس.
4- AOAC official Methods .(1999): 7th Edition volume II, Chapter 49 Natural Toxins. P.273.
5- Adsule, R.N. Salunkhe, D.K. (1984): Aflatoxins in foods and feeds. Metropolitan Book Co. p.455
6- Celyk, K. Denl, M. (2003): Reduction of toxic effects of Aflatoxin B1 by using Baker yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in growing Chickes diets. R.Bras,Zootec, v 32(3) p. 615-619.
7- CAST, 1989. Mycotoxins. Economic and health risks. Task Force Rep. No. 116. November (1989): Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames, IA.
8- Commission Directive 98/53/EC of sampling & analysis methods for control levels for certain contaminations in foods stuffs. (1998):
9- Dragoni, I. Cantoni, C. Papa, A. Vallone, L (2000). Muffe, alimenti ecotossicosi. Citta`StudiEdizioni. UTET Libreria srl, Milano, Italia. ISBN 88-251-7187-0.
10- Dutta, TK. Das, P. (2000): Isolation of aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus and detection of aflatoxins B1 from feeds in India. Mycopathologia 151:29–33.
11- Fegan, D. (2005): Mycotoxins: the hidden menace? http:// www.alltech.com/.
12- Hussein, S.H. Brasel, J. M. (2001): Toxicity, metabolism, and impact of mycotoxins on humans and animals. Toxicology. Vol. 167.P.101-134.
13- Huwing, A. Freimund, S. Kappeli, O. (2001). Mycotoxin detoxication of animal feed by different adsorbents. Toxicology Letters 122 179-188.
14- Hyogo International Center. (1999): Japan International Cooperation Agency- Textbook for group training course in mycotoxin inspection in food. P.40
15- Moss, M.O. (1996): Centenary review. Mycotoxins. Mycol. Res. 100, 513-523.
16- Paskevicius, A. Bakutis, B. Baliukoniene, V. (2006): The search for ecologically safe means of mycotoxin detoxification in fodder. Ekologija 3 p. 128-131.
17- Santin, E. Paulillo, A.C. Nakagui, L.S.O. Alessi, A.C. (2003): Evaluation of cell wall yeast as adsorbent on Ochratoxin in Broilers diets. International Journal of Poultry Science 2(6) p. 465-468.
18- Santin, E. Maiorka, A. Krabbe, E.L. Paulillo, A.C. Alessi, A.C. (2002): Effect of hydrated Sodium Calcium aluminosilicates on the Prevention of the toxic effects of Ochratoxin. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. Vol. 11.P.22-28.
19- Santin, E. Paulillo, A. C. Krabbe, E. L. Alessi, A. C. Polveiro, W.J. C. Maiorka, A. (2003): Low Level of aflatoxin in broiler at experimental Conditions. Use of Cell Wall Yeast as adsorbent of aflatoxin. Archives of veterinary science. Vol. 8. P. 51-55.
20- Santin, E. A. Maiorka, M. Macari, M. Grecco, L.C. Sanchez, T.M. Okada, A.M. Myasaka, (2001): Performance and Intestinal Mucosa Development in Broiler Chickens Fed Ration Containing Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Cell Wall. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 10:236-244.
21- Spring, P. (2005): Mycotoxins – a rising threat to aquaculture. Feed mix 13:5
22- Stanley, V. G. Ojo, R. Woldesenbet, S. Hutchinson, D. H. (1993): The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to suppress the effects of aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks. Poultry Science. Vol. 72. P. 1867-1872.
23- Sweeney, M.J. Dobson, A.D.W. (1998): Review: mycotoxin production by Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium species. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 43,141-158.
24- Vargal , J. Rigol, K. Taboril, K. (1998): Degradation of mycotoxins by filamentous fungi. Int.J.Food. Microbiol. 43 p. 141-158.
25- Yiannikouris A., Jouany J. (2002): Mycotoxins in feed and their fate in animals: a review. Animal Research. Vol. 51. P. 81-99.
_||_